INCEIF Knowledge Repository (INCEIF University)
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Determinants driving bank performance: a comparison of two types of banks in the OIC
No full textThis paper extracts key variables from documented findings on bank intermediation margins of two types of banks in the Organisation of Islamic Countries. The intermediation margins used as the dependent variable are: net interest margins of conventional banks and the net profit margins of Islamic banks. To overcome the endogeneity issue of variables, an appropriate econometric procedure namely the dynamic Generalized Method of Moments is applied using data from 105 commercial banks over 14 years. The results are interesting: there is a significant difference in the margins across the two types of banks, 2.17% and 1.61% respectively. Capital adequacy, management quality, and diversification determinants significantly explain the margins of both types of banks. We also find evidence suggesting market quality matters. This is an expected result since both banks operate, despite their inherent institutional differences, in a competitive environment to meet the core demands for funds, which are the same, for traditional lending and borrowing activities. However, this also shows that both CBs and IBs in dual banking system are not significantly different from each other, despite the perception arising from minor institutional differences. These findings provide insights on the unique banking performance in dual banking systems
Introducing Islamic finance in unchartered economies: the case of Canada
No full textThe primary goal of this paper is to explore the viability of initiating Islamic finance (IF) in an unchartered economy. Canada is taken as a case study for this paper. To achieve our objective, we proceed in two stages. The first stage involves the analysis of market opportunities for IF. More precisely, the first stage involves the cost/benefit analysis which would enable the IF industry to see whether it is feasible for them to initiate. Second, the more challenging stage involves the analysis with regard to the barriers in offering IF products
Wealth effect of sukuk issuance announcement in two markets
No full textThis chapter is written with a view to explain how stock prices react to the issuance of a new kind of debt instrument (the sukuk debt certificates) in two stock markets in the period 2001-15. The existing classical corporate finance theory considers share prices' response to capital issuances to be crucial to any understanding on how to maximize the firm value and thus the shareholder wealth. How this is achieved has been debated extensively and deliberated elaborately by academics over six decades. It stands to reason, though, that maximizing firm value requires effective investment decisions which in turn necessitates access to a valuable source of capital
Islamic economics: journeying on a straight path
No full textPresent day Islamic economics is about 60 years old and takes its foundation to be the Qur'an as well as the way (sunnat) of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). Views of Muslim scholars vary considerably regarding Islamic economics, from considering it to be: a) branch of conventional mainstream economics; b) a discipline that is neither capitalist nor socialist; c) a discipline that is guided by Islamic law in all its aspects. There have not yet emerged concepts or principles that are widely accepted by Muslim scholars as the foundation of Islamic economics and finance. The main advance made so far has been in Islamic finance, a branch of Islamic economics, where a number of rules are commonly accepted. These are: a) the prohibition of riba (interest), rishwah (bribery, corruption) gharar (deception), jahl (profiting from others ignorance) and mysir (gambling and speculation) in all financial contracts; b) all investments must be made in the permissible sector of the real economy; with the investor sharing in the profit, loss and risks of the enterprise
Determinants of perceptions of Islamic banks' performance: an analysis of the imbalance in the development of Islamic banks in Sudan
No full textThis imbalance nature of Islamic bank's performance is of great concern, which motivates this research, which is to examine the determinants of the imbalance of the imbalance nature of Islamic banks' performance in Sudan. In doing so, it seeks to fulfill three main objectives, namely examining the imbalance nature of Islamic banks' performance in Sudan, examining the awareness of the policy makers and the Islamic banks' managers to this imbalance nature, and to investigate its determinants ..
Flow performance relationship of ethical funds: evidence from socially responsible and the Shariah compliant funds
No full textThe motivation to examine flow-performance relationship of Shariah compliant funds (SCFs) and Socially responsible funds (SRFs) is that investors investing in these two funds have certain non-financial motives such as religious, ethical, environmental etc. Renneboog et al., (2011) explained that more the investor is averse to certain non-ethical or non-religious corporate behavior the more satisfaction he/she gets by investing in the funds that are in line with his/her ethical or religious position. The above conjecture that the SRF and SCF investors chose funds based on a dual objective of socially responsible/religious investing and financial gains is in line with the way generally these funds advertise their funds emphasizing the importance of socially responsible/religious investing
Is the regime of risk transfer sustainable? Impossible contract and inequality
No full textIn a risk transfer and shifting financial systems, an interest rate based debt contract is an "impossible contract," since, under the axioms of conventional economics, the borrower has an incentive not to repay the loan. Such impossible contract is made possible by creating a virtual world of certainty through mechanisms such as collateral requirements and an edifice of legal, administrative, policy incentive mechanisms that include positive and negative enforcements that protect the creditor. The society has to bear huge costs to make them possible. Risk sharing has the potential to enhance efficiency as each party to contracts has "skin-in-the-game", thus eliminating or minimizing the principal-agent problem. Participants in a contract of an economic undertaking can choose higher risk-higher return projects thus increase the efficiency and productivity of the system. It can also create a reciprocal and trusting environment that strengthens social cohesion, promotes social mobility and reduces income inequality without perverse incentive effects
Birth and growth of Bank Islam Malaysia
No full textLembaga Tabung Haji (TH), the Malaysia Pilgrims Fund Board, the pioneer Islamic non-bank financial institution in the country, paved the way - as the catalyst and leading stakeholder - for the establishment of Bank Islam Malaysia Berhad (BIMB), the first full-fledged Islamic bank in Malaysia. In fact, TH is still one of the major shareholders of the bank through its shareholdings in BIMB Holdings Berhad (BHB)..
Education to propel takaful industry in the next decade
No full textTakaful, a subset of the Islamic finance industry, has seen strong growth in the last decade due to the rising demand for Shariah compliant financial products globally. Increasing awareness in the global arena especially the Gulf Cooperation Countries (GCC) and the predominant Islamic countries have helped fuel the growth of Islamic finance across the banking and insurance sectors. This is brought by the push of the respective Islamic countries to promote Islamic finance as an alternative to conventional finance
Financing & galvanizing idle waqf properties into income generating properties
No full textThe main objective of this study is to present the current successful cases in making a revolution reform of the old and idle waqf properties into income generating properties in Muslim and Muslim minority countries. These reforms include providing services to the community, opening jobs for the majority of people, funding small entrepreneurs, educating the mass, taking care of the health of the people, and sheltering the poor and needy in the different countries. Case under studies are: Turkey, Malaysia, Singapore, Sudan, Indonesia, New Zealanf, Kuwait, India, Pakistan and Bangladesh