INCEIF Knowledge Repository (INCEIF University)
Not a member yet
1768 research outputs found
Sort by
Ownership structures and productivity in Indonesia and Malaysia
No full textThe relationship between ownership structures and company performance has been issue of interest among academics, investors and policy-makers. So far, there are still inconclusive findings that family and state ownership giving positive or negative impact on firm performance. This study employed technical efficiency and Malmquist productivity index to measure firm performance. Period of this study will be conduct from 1992 to 2007. Result of this study revealed that Technical efficiency study in Indonesia showed that state owned enterprises (SOEs) had better performance than family owned enterprises (FOEs) since SOEs' performance increased more stably during research period. Meanwhile Malaysia-based technical efficiency study demonstrated that FOEs samples had lower efficiency level than SOEs, which performed a little enhancement. In term of productivity, Indonesian FOEs had become more productive compare with SOEs during three sub-periods. On the other hand, Malaysian FOEs and SOEs had improved from time to time within the three sub-periods
The new realities of risk sharing: network effects and big data machine learning
No full textThis article discusses one of the myths and the new realities of risk sharing. The myth is that risk sharing contracts are costly and demand more information than debt based contracts. The reality is that risk sharing contracts are incentive-compatible contract because there is an incentive structure in place to elicit truth-telling, trust, cooperation, hard work, and efficiency in resource management; factors that could not be written into contracts and enforced. Hence, the contracts attenuate coordination problem and improve the efficiency of outcomes
Financialization, risk-sharing and wealth inequality in a stock-flow consistent model
No full textWealth inequality has been a core field of research in economics in the post-Global Financial Crisis era since it is an important driver of economic/financial crises and inhibits long-term growth. Compelling evidence indicates that wealth inequality has been increasing over and above income inequality but traditional theories of inequality lack in explaining the causes of such an increase in wealth inequality. This study shows that interest-based debt contracts may be the underlying cause of wealth inequality. The study discusses that asset-based redistribution, which targets the re-distribution of wealth through re-designation of financial contracts, has pronounced advantages over and above income-based re-distribution policies. The study also underlines that risksharing mechanisms are the building blocks of asset -based re-distribution policies. Stock-flow consistent modeling approach (SFCA) allows measuring comparative benefits of implementing risk-sharing asset-based redistribution policies compared to the base scenario of debt-based financialized economy
Sukuk and its wealth effect
No full textClassical corporate finance theory considers capital market behavior crucial to understanding how to maximize firm value and shareholder wealth. How this is achieved has been debated extensively over the last century. It stands to reason though, that maximizing firm value requires effective investment decisions which in turn necessitates a valuable source of capital. This capital can be provided either internally or externally, each influencing the risk of the firm and initiating varied wealth effects
Issues in the Malaysian waqf system
No full textAfter 250 years of unbridled pursuit of laissez faire, cross-border free trade via open economy theories and unbridled capitalism over the last four decades, a watershed appears to have been reached at the start of the 21-st century. Mercantilism of the 18-19-th centuries gave way to an open economy model of freer trade in goods and services. The last 40 years saw the dismantling of barriers to financial trade as well. These moves have led to unbridled private pursuit of wealth creation supposedly meant to lead to greater human welfare. Despite the creation of wealth, the dismantling of laws since the Reagan-Thatcher brand of capitalism took root, the wealth inequality has gone to the level existing some 180 years ago: see The Economist (October, 2012). Wealth inequality has started to widen since the 1980s to a level which is reversing a fair degree of prosperity of the middle-class as once shared in all countries that had worked to reduce inequality
Incorporating sustainability criteria in Islamic investment framework
No full textThe slides highlight: 1) enhancing responsible business and sustainability practices; 2) enhancing positive impact while minimizing negative impact; 3) incorporating sustainability demands big data and robust research methodology
The Shari'ah perspective on sukuk assets: dynamics of fiqhi opinions
No full textThe sukuk market is one of the fastest growing sectors in Islamic finance, with total sukuk outstanding valued at more than USD330 billion in the first quarter of 2016. The industry has witnessed evolution in the issuance of landmark and innovative structures: ranging from plain vanilla to more complex and hybrid structures such as convertible and exchangeable sukuk that allow investors to tap into the equity of reference companies; from short- to medium- to long-term and perpetual sukuk to meet the funding requirements of issuers; and from sovereign to corporate and retail sukuk to cater to the appetites of different classes of issuers and investors. Recently, more sukuk have been structured as a subordinated instrument to meet the regulatory capital requirement of Islamic banks and as a sustainable and responsible investment (SRI) tool to promote socially responsible financing and investment. Regardless of the technical and commercial features of sukuk, all structures must comply with the Shari'ah requirements, particularly those of underlying assets that back the issuance. This article narrates the dynamics of fiqhi opinions on sukuk assets based on the historical timeline of issuance starting from the first corporate sukuk by Shell MDS Malaysia in 1990 until the current development
Do screen-based investment styles create financial values? The case of Shariah and socially responsible investment (SRI's) firms
No full textThis study examines the impact of ethical and Shariah screening on idiosyncratic risk, performance and dividend policy decisions for US market for the period 2006-2015. A unique dataset is utilized to construct representative portfolios of Socially Responsible Investing (SRI), Shariah compliant investment and Market (proxy). The existing literature suggests that constraints on stock selection imposed by screening may limit investment universe and make faith based portfolios sub-optimal. Therefore, the investors who want to follow their religious or social beliefs need to incur cost of their values. Our results reveal that Shariah compliant investors are slightly disadvantaged in terms of idiosyncratic risk. However, they pay the price of holding religious beliefs by accepting lower risk-return trade off while SRI investors bear no such cost. Moreover, that there is not much variation in dividend policy of the faith based portfolios as compared to market proxy portfolio and good corporate governance promotes dividend payment for the sample portfolios. Furthermore, the firms with low idiosyncratic risk, low financial constraints, high book-to-market-assets ratio, high size and earned equity tend to pay higher dividends. Finally, it had been found that Shariah firms, unlike the market and SRI firms who prefer retaining excess cash, utilize high free cash flows to pay dividends to reduce agency conflicts
Are Islamic and conventional money markets highly correlated? MGARCH-DCC and Wavelet approaches
No full textWith the development of Islamic banking and finance in most Muslim countries, money market became necessary for financial institution to solve the liquidity problems. However, there is much criticism of Islamic banks and financial products for their pegging to the interest rate. Islamic money market is based on the same PLS principle with other Islamic financial products, if such products are pegged to their rate of interest, then they are not PLS. More correctly, they are based on well-and sometimes not so well-hidden conventional or interest-based contracts ..
Past, present and future of family waqf
No full textHistorically, the non-profit institution of waqf has played a remarkable role in developing the Islamic societies as well as in assisting the Islamic state in providing social welfare services in the health and educational sectors, supplying the basic infrastructure, providing jobs, enhancing commercial and business activities, providing food for the hungry, shelter for the poor and the needy, in addition to supporting the agricultural and industrial sectors, without incurring any cost to the government. However, this positive role played by waqf deteriorated since the end of the 19th century and has continued to deteriorate to the present time