INCEIF Knowledge Repository (INCEIF University)
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A case study on the default of Islamic financing facilities: Malaysian perspective
No full textDefault can occur in Islamic banking. As the law applicable to Islamic banking is derived from Shariah, it is imperative to check whether the current practice of Islamic banks in default aligns with Shariah. The objective of this chapter is to discuss the rules and procedures Islamic banks in Malaysia follow in case of default. This is a qualitative research where data from primary sources such as laws on the matter are extracted to derive conclusions and secondary sources such as case laws and other published materials in the subject matter are explored. It is anticipated that the outcome of this chapter will assist to comprehend the way in which Islamic banks deal in case of default and since Malaysia is considered as the cranium of Islamic banking due to the comprehensive ecosystem it has created for Islamic banking and finance, the rest of the world could learn from this case study to enhance the behaviour of Islamic banks in case of default
Perceived public accounts committee independence: the Malaysian case
No full textThe objective of the study is to examine perceived Public Account Committee's (PAC) independence from the perspective of PAC members and non-PAC members. The findings indicate that for the PAC to be independence, it should be free from any form of interference from any party when exercising and conducting its responsibilities. The PAC must be free to select any topic or issue to be examined that they think important and involves the public interest. However, being independent can also be seen as a way of gaining political mileage for PAC members and also gives advantages to the opposition members too. Overall, the independence of the PAC is still debatable judging from the decision and action of the government that PAC is seemed to be used as a government tool to cover the activities of the government. The move made by the government in appointing most of its representatives as well as the PAC chairman in the PAC as cabinet members seem to support the claimed that question the independence of the PAC
Islamic finance in the digital world: opportunities and challenges
No full textIslamic finance has grown considerably over the last four decades and has a global reach. It is considered one of the fastest-growing segments of the global financial industry. One of the biggest challenges for Islamic finance in the next decade is in financial technology (known as Fintech). In the digital world, traditional financial practice will be left behind. This paper examines the phenomenon of financial innovation and technology in Islamic finance and its Shariah parameters. The research adopts a qualitative approach employing the inductive method to trace primary and secondary data on the topic and the descriptive method to describe the emergence of fintech in the Islamic finance industry. The study found that all financial innovations are generally welcomed and can be considered as benefits (Maslahah) to the customers and to the
whole financial industry. Innovations in fintech become impermissible only if there is clear evidence from the Shariah that they are against the basic rules of the Shariah. The study also highlights the relationship between fintech and Shariah compliance and suggested to have a proper Shariah governance framework in order to ensure the operation of fintech is in total compliance with Shariah. Besides that, authorities and regulators are required to develop Shariah standards that would explicitly spell out the requirement of Shariah that are fundamental to fintech operations and practices
Amana Takaful Maldives concludes eighth AGM
No full textAmana Takaful Maldives (Amana Takaful) held its eighth annual general meeting (AGM) on the 28th April 2019 in the Republic of Maldives. During the meeting, the minutes of the 2018 AGM were adopted and the annual report of the board of directors on the affairs of the company for the year ended the 31st December 2018 and the report of the auditors were passed, among other things
Interest and Islamic finance: demystifying riba
No full textWe live in a world where the majority of us are used to only one approach when it comes to economics and finance, which is the conventional, or riba-based systems. Ask the man-in-the-street what riba means, and he would be hard-pressed to provide answer. General education syllabuses in schools do not provide information on what comprises and does not comprise riba from a practical perspective, or modules relating to Islamic finance
The potential of bai salam in Islamic social finance to achieve United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals
No full textEnding poverty is the first of the 17 goals of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development set by the United Nations. The target is to have no more than 3 percent of the world's population living on just $1.90 a day by 2030. A review on existing literature suggests that the United Nations need a more diverse approach to boost farming and alleviate poverty in order to meet its target. The paper is an effort to explore the possible application of an Islamic banking instrument in meeting the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This paper aims to explore the feasibility of salam as an alternative mode of agricultural financing. The concept of the paper can be extended to non-farming industry especially the manufacturing industry. This paper describes the modus operandi of the proposed models, and identifies potential risks involved. Some recommendations are also given as risk mitigation methods
Microfinance and poverty nexus: a critical review of Islamic and conventional microfinance
No full textThe spotlight of this study is to examine the relationship between microfinance and poverty with specific focus to OIC countries and Islamic Microfinance institutions (MFls). Using an unbalanced panel dataset covering of 2,904 microfinance institutions from 120 countries and applying two econometrics techniques: Generalized method of moments (GMM) and two stage least squares instrumental variable regression, my study fails to establish the positive role of microfinance institutions in alleviating poverty. Taking into account the endogeneity problem associated with microfinance loans and domestic credit, I show that microfinance institutions neither reach the poor nor the poorest. I find no significant difference in performance of microfinance institution in OIC and Non-OIC countries when it comes to poverty reduction. Moreover, evidence suggest that role played by Islamic microfinance institutions and conventional MFIs in combating poverty is indifferent. The study contributes to the literature by providing new evidence on the microfinance-poverty nexus at macro level, comparing between OIC and Non-OIC countries as well as Islamic and conventional MFIs. Results presented in this study have important policy implications for researchers, investors, governments and international bodies ..
Corporate sustainability and financial performance of banks in OIC and non-OIC countries: the role of competition and institutions
No full textGlobally, the awareness about sustainability has increased due to the lingering environment, social and governance-related issues. In this perspective, the role of social media and consumer awareness are important since they influence the corporate sector to care for sustainable development. Banks, being very important to the economy, contribute to sustainability through their internal (through governance, data security, etc.) and external (through environment-friendly loans , financial inclusion, etc.) practices. These practices are collectively called as environment, society, and governance (ESG) sustainability. ESG practices by banks are important since they operate on public funds, have interconnections with the businesses and at times bailed out at the expense of taxpayers. An intriguing question, though, is whether these ESG activities impact bank profitability and risk. Further, as identified in the literature, there are certain moderators such as competition and institutions which may impact the ESG-profitability and ESG-risk relationship. We investigate these relationships for Organization for Islamic Countries (OIC) and Non-OIC countries. Specifically, we employ data of 341 banks from 65 countries, further divided into Non-OIC (54 countries, 295 banks) and OIC countries (11 countries, 46 banks). ESG data has been used for the years 2007-2016 while the dynamic panel model has been estimated using the Generalized Methods of Moments technique ..
View from practice: stock market reaction to sukuk credit rating changes in Malaysia
No full textDocumented evidence on conventional bond markets shows negative market reaction to bond credit rating downgrade and no reaction to credit rating upgrade. Despite the fact that sukuk issuances make up more than 58.8% of the value of outstanding bonds in the country and Malaysia issues at least half of the world's sukuk and is widely recognized as a leader in the sukuk space, there is no documented evidence on the stock market reaction to sukuk credit rating changes. This study analyzed the wealth effect of sukuk credit rating changes in Malaysia using 16 sukuk upgrades and 20 sukuk downgrades for the period 2000-2014. The evidence shows negative market reaction to downgrades and positive significant reaction to sukuk rating upgrade. This symmetrical market reaction to sukuk credit rating changes implies the market was indifferent between bonds and sukuk from the credit rating perspective. This finding supports the notion that the credit rating agencies are Shariah-neutral when rating these capital market instruments
Islamic corporate finance: capital structure
No full textThe capital structure choices of a firm not only determine the current value of the firm, but also largely determine its long-term survival. Modigliani and Miller's seminal 1958 paper explicates conventional firms' capital structure choices. However, we are yet to develop a solid theoretical framework about the financing decisions of Islamic firms. This is a review chapter on current developments in the field of Islamic capital structure. The chapter starts with a short discussion about the various sources of capital and their advantages and disadvantages, followed by a detailed description of traditional capital structure theories and their real-world empirical evidence. Finally, it discusses how the capital structure decision for Islamic firms differs from that for conventional firms, and the role sukuk, dual-banking system, and debt threshold play in determining Islamic firms' capital structur