INCEIF Knowledge Repository (INCEIF University)
Not a member yet
1768 research outputs found
Sort by
What drives the financial performance of general takaful companies?
No full textThis study aims to identify the internal and external factors affecting the financial performance of general takaful companies operating in Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, UAE, Qatar and Pakistan, using an unbalanced panel data set consisting of 53 companies. Data were hand-collected from the official financial reports of takaful companies. Two performance measures, namely, net investment income and investment yield, are used to capture the different aspects of the takaful investment operations. Based on relevant theory and literature, these measures are related to three economic variables, namely, GDP per capita, equity returns and interest rate, and four company-specific variables, namely, company size, gross contributions, retakaful dependence and liquidity. An ordinary least squares regression model, fixed-effects model and random-effects model are estimated for both performance measures. The study finds that company size, liquidity, retakaful dependence, GDP per capita, equity returns and interest rate are statistically significant determinants of the financial performance; company size, GDP per capita, equity returns and interest rate are positively related to performance, whereas liquidity and retakaful dependence are negatively related to performance
External Shari'ah audit and review committee vis-a-vis Shari'ah compliance quality and accountability: a case of Islamic banks in Bangladesh
No full textExternal Shari'ah Audit (ESA) is a control mechanism meant for formulating an objective view by an independent Shari'ah audit team about the obligation of Islamic banks' (IBs) management, personnel and other divisions towards Shari'ah compliance. This study principally aims to examine the relevancy of ESA and review committee in enhancing the level of Shari'ah compliance quality and accountability of IBs in Bangladesh. The study examines data from 17 respondents obtained via semistructured interviews and secondary sources in library. This study establishes that Shari'ah officers of IBs in Bangladesh are unable to perform audit functions properly which indicates the limitations of current Shari'ah audit functions. The study discovers the need for an independent ESA for proper auditing of IBs' operations in Bangladesh with a view to Shari'ah compliance. Thus, an ESA and review committee is imperative to enhance the quality of Shari'ah compliance and ensure accountability of all divisions within IBs. This audit is to be provided either by Bangladesh Bank (BB), the central bank of the country or a third party such as Islamic chartered accountants' firms or Shari'ah audit firms. The study would contribute to existing literature on the importance of ESA and its conditions in Bangladesh. The study also provides some instructions for global Islamic banking practice on the issues examined. The study contributes to agency, stakeholder and legitimacy theory via highlighting the inability of Shari'ah auditors to perform their function independently and efficiently
Corporate waqf via initial public offering (IPO): a viable instrument for the sustainability of Malaysia's higher learning institutions
No full textThe need for sustainable funding of institutions of higher learning led the Government of Malaysia to formulate its Universities Transformation Programme 2015-2025. This transformation agenda came out as the Purple Book which highlighted the need to address the funding gap that may occur in the education sector in the event of unexpected budget cuts. It called for the enhancement of income generation, endowments and waqf to achieve self-sustainability for higher learning institutions (Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia, 2016). Based on the above premise, this research explores the viability of corporate waqf via initial public offering (IPO) as an instrument to raise funds and sustain Malaysia's higher learning institutions. Corporate waqf, as defined by the Securities Commission Malaysia, refers to: A type of corporate [financial] instrument where liquid-asset-like shares or securities [are] endowed as waqf assets and [sic] thus enabling the waqf institutions to benefit from the dividend that can finance any welfare project or initiative (Securities Commission Malaysia 2014, p. 17)
Conceptual framework of internal Shari'ah audit effectiveness factors in Islamic banks
No full textThe main purpose of this research is to figure out the most effective determinants that play a vital role in enhancing the effectiveness of the internal Shari'ah audit in the Islamic banking industry. This paper reviews the existing literature to build comprehensive knowledge that would assist in determining the main factors that impact on the effectiveness of Shari'ah audit in Islamic banks. This research proposes a conceptual framework of factors that impact on Shari'ah audit effectiveness in IBs based on previously published studies. The proposed framework includes external and internal factors as well as internal Shari'ah audit structure, process and requirements. First, the regulators need to provide a detailed framework for Shari'ah audit which covers the main requirements for effective Shari'ah governance. Second, Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) need to pay more attention to following the Shari'ah audit process in order to achieve the objective of effective Shari'ah governance. Finally, the dearth of empirical research on the role and effectiveness of Shari'ah audit in Islamic banking highlights the need to develop an appropriate methodology to enhance the study of the effectiveness of Shari'ah governance practices. The Shari'ah ensures compliance with its rules and regulations and enhances the soundness and credibility of the Islamic finance industry. This study identifies a number of issues that require further investigation in order to establish a better system of Shari'ah audit and to identify the factors that affect Shari'ah auditing practices. This paper is unique in covering the main elements that have influence on the effectiveness of Shari'ah audit and proposes them in one framework
The impact of situational factors on ethical choice: a survey of Islamic banking practitioners in UAE
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to use Ferrell and Gresham (1985) contingency model to examine the impact of situational factors on decision-making behaviour related to ethical issues of Islamic banking practitioners. A total of 262 samples are collected from Islamic banking practitioners in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and data analysis is conducted using structural equation modelling (SEM) with a confirmatory approach. The empirical findings indicate that decision-making behaviour related to ethical issues of Islamic banking practitioners is significantly influenced in the process of interacting with persons who are part of the organisation, and these influences are determined by the intra-organisational distance and legitimate authority between the individuals and the focal person. Further, it is also empirically verified that decision-making behaviour related to ethical issues of Islamic banking practitioners is significantly influenced by the presence and/or absence of the opportunity factors such as corporate policies, professional codes of ethics and rewards/punishment system that prevails in the organisation
Finance-growth nexus: a focus on Islamic finance development in Bangladesh
No full textFinancial system plays a significant role to spur economic growth through capital accumulation and efficient distribution of resources. As an alternative to conventional financial system, Islamic finance has emerged to fulfil the demand of Muslim population but not limited to it. Islamic banking is now considered a mainstream industry and has been growing significantly, especially in Muslim countries. Bangladesh has marked impressive growth rate for past several years and Islamic finance has been gaining market share in the country. Even though the studies on finance-growth nexus has been done extensively, to the best of the author's knowledge, no studies have been initiated based on distinct Islamic finance and conventional finance framework. Therefore, this study attempts to find the long-run relationship and short-run dynamic interactions among Islamic finance development, conventional finance development and advancement of the economy of Bangladesh. Annual data from 2001-2019 have been collected for the research. The study employs Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), Granger Causality and Impulse Response Function (IRF) approaches to investigate the relationship
Islamic banking and bank performance in Malaysia: an empirical analysis
No full textThis paper examines the performance of Malaysia's banking sector and its relationship to the presence of Islamic banking in the country. More specifically, by controlling for the theoretically relevant determinants of bank performance we compare the efficiency, profitability and risk of Islamic banks to conventional banks and examine the spillover effects of Islamic banking penetration on bank performance. To these ends, we adopt a panel modelling approach. Taking note that our focal variables comprise the timeinvariant Islamic banking dummy and potentially endogenous Islamic banking share, we apply the Hausman-Taylor (HT) instrumental-variable estimator in the analysis. Our results indicate that Islamic banks in Malaysia are less profitable than their conventional counterparts and that Islamic banking penetration is associated with lower bank profitability. However, the increasing presence of Islamic banking appears to make Malaysian banks less risky and, with limited evidence, more efficient. Finally, the efficiency-risk trade-off seems to have potential as the Islamic banking portion of the sector increases in size. These results are reasonably robust compared to alternative specifications of the model
Practical application of kafalah in Islamic banking in Malaysia
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to explore the application of kafalah in the practice of Islamic banking in Malaysia generally and ascertain applicable rules governing the application under relevant legislations and Shariah. The study also aims to examine the legislations in the light of Shariah provisions governing kafalah and propose amendments. This is a qualitative research where primary data sources mainly legislations and secondary sources comprising of articles and books on the subject of kafalah were examined. It is an exploratory legal research that primarily focuses on library studies and adopts doctrinal approach for content analysis of data from the identified sources. Kafalah is widely used in Islamic banking in Malaysia with primary or secondary application in structuring such products/services as personal guarantee, bank guarantee, Islamic credit card among others. The substantive law applicable to kafalah in Islamic banking in Malaysia is the Contracts Act 1950 as decided cases indicate. However, provisions of the Act are at variance with rules of Shariah applicable to kafalah on absolution of guaranteed debtor, multiple guarantors' liability towards guaranteed sum as well as recourse and recovery from principal debtor
Social impact sukuk for migrants: an innovative solution
No full textThis chapter examines the economic impact of the migrants' return to Kerala, India during the Gulf oil crisis 2014-2016. Many migrants returned to their homeland during the crisis because they could not find work in the Middle East. The Kerala economy confronted this as one of the biggest threats which directly affected the economy. Almost USD 900 million had been brought to the homeland as remittance from Non-Residential Keralites (NRKs) working in Gulf countries. But the return of a large number of NRKs decreased the remittances to 10-15%. This chapter proposes Social Impact Sukuk to support the migrants who are back to their homelands from GCC countries. Data and information are collected from primary and secondary sources. This study provides policy implications for Kerala state government to examine the impact of returning NRKs issue and a feasible solution for their immediate rehabilitation
Maldives Islamic Bank performs well financially in the last quarter of 2019
No full textMaldives Islamic Bank (MIB) has achieved strong and healthy financial results for the final quarter of 2019 with a net profit of MVR25.6 million (US$1.63 million) which is an increase in profit of 13.8% from the third quarter of 2019, according to its press release on the 30th January 2020