INCEIF Knowledge Repository (INCEIF University)
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Islam and the path to human and economic development
No full textThis book briefly surveys the evolution of the Western concept of development, recognizing the wider dimensions of human and economic development and the role of institutions and rules, which has moved toward the vision and the path of development envisaged in Islam
The behavior of MENA oil and non-oil producing countries in international portfolio optimization
No full textIt is well documented in developed economies that portfolio investment across national borders brings benefits of increasing returns and/or reducing risk. Dividing MENA stock markets into two main groups (oil producing and non-oil producing countries), this study examines the potential role of each group in providing diversification benefits for international investors. In addition, the behavior of the long and the short-run Efficient Frontiers (EFs) constructed by each of the sub-groups and the combined MENA markets is explored. Multi-objective international portfolio models are proposed under Mean-Variance and Mean-Lower Partial Moment frameworks, and the Multiple Fitness Function Genetic Algorithm (MFFGA) is used to find the EFs of optimal portfolios. The findings indicate that the stock markets of oil producing countries can be considered as a potential avenue for international portfolio diversification for investors not only from the same countries but also from the other MENA markets. It was also found that international portfolios constructed from the combination of MENA equity markets are more stable compared to the portfolios of sub-group markets. Further, the findings indicate that the behavior of short-term EFs in the MENA region cannot be predicted by the behavior of long-term EFs
Economic impact of natural disasters' fatalities
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to find the meaningful relationship between the economic impact of the natural disaster and economic condition. The paper employed cross‐sectional analysis to investigate the relationship between economic condition namely, gross domestic product per capita (GDPpc); gross domestic product per capita squared (GDPpc2); government consumption ratio to GDP (gc); ratio of M2 over GDP(M2); years of schooling attainment (sc); land area and finally; population and the economic impact of natural disasters, whereby ten types of natural disasters were chosen. The degree to which the human and economic losses due to these ten natural disasters were measured by, the variables selected are, number of killed; total affected; and ratio of total damage to GDP. Three different points of time were regressed, namely, 1985, 1995, and 2005 covering 73 countries. Results clearly indicate that there seems to be meaningful relationship between the economic impact of natural disasters and economic conditions. The paper provides some evidence on the important role of economic condition in minimizing the impact of natural disasters. The paper incorporates a comprehensive list of explanatory variables in accounting for natural disaster fatalities
Ma'alim al-tajdidd fi usul al-tashri' al-Islami: dirasah tahliliyyah naqdiyyah li-uthruhat al-Shatibi al-usuliyyah
No full textThis book provides an economic analysis of the earliest Islamic society, focusing on the policies of the Messenger of Islam (Sawa) and his successors during the first four formative decades of Islam. The author uses historical economic data, facts, and evidences that are reported from the period, both prior to and after establishment of the Islamic State, to explore the economic relations, policies, and models that were in practice and applied at that time
The global financial crisis and its implications for the Islamic financial industry
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to review the evolution of the global financial crisis, draw lessons from it, and analyse its effect(s) on the Islamic financial industry (IFI). Based on an extensive literature review, this paper aims to highlight, explain, and discuss the implications of the global financial crisis for IFI and suggest necessary steps for the future development of the industry. The findings show that although the crisis had limited impact on IFI the major flaws of the capitalist financial system are relevant to the development of IFI. Without learning and applying the lessons from the crisis, IFI runs a risk of committing the same mistakes. Finally, greater attention should be given to the fundamental principles of Islamic finance in order to ensure the future development of industry. The effects of the global financial crisis are still being felt all over the world, and its implications on IFI have yet to be fully understood. Owing to unavailability of relevant data, an empirical study is needed to show the real effects of the crisis on IFI
Stock market and aggregate consumption asymmetry: evidence from Malaysia
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the influences of real share prices on aggregate consumption for Malaysia with the focus on whether there is asymmetry in the long-run relation of the two variables. The paper specifies aggregate consumption to depend on real income and real share prices. Alternatively, imposing long-run budget constraint, the paper specifies the relation between aggregate consumption and real share prices as ratio to real income. Then, it applies an asymmetric cointegration and error correction modeling. The cointegration tests indicate the presence of a long-run relation between consumption-income ratio and share price-income ratio. More interestingly, while changes in share prices exert short-run causal influences on Malaysia’s private consumption, evidence is found for the adjustments of consumption – income ratio to the long-run equilibrium path only when it is above its long-run value. The paper interprets the finding as suggesting downward revisions in the consumption patterns when there are adverse shocks in share prices and, accordingly, supports the existence of especially negative wealth effect for Malaysia
Short-horizon asymmetry in conditional mean of ASEAN stock market returns
No full textThis paper describes the return patterns of six ASEAN markets (Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam) using an autoregressive exponential GARCH-in mean model, also known as AR-EGARCH(1, 1)-M. Estimating the model for each market using daily data from August 2000 to May 2010, we find these markets generally have quick mean-reversion speeds but quite distinct patterns of return dynamics. In the Indonesian market, the evidence seems to strongly suggest asymmetric mean reversion and overreaction of the market during downturns. The Vietnamese market exhibits the most persistent return autocorrelation with some evidence pointing to higher persistence during market downturns. While there seems to be no asymmetric pattern in the return adjustment of the Malaysian and Filipino markets, there is no evidence indicating significant serial correlation in the markets of Singapore and Thailand. Thus, technical trading strategies are applicable for the markets of Indonesia and Vietnam only
The stability of Islamic finance: creating a resilient financial environment for a secure future
No full textThe main focus is on the question of the sources of financial instability which seems inherent in the conventional system. As a core component of this focus, the book will consider episodes of turbulence and instability in a historical context recalling the occurrence of such events from mid-19th century to the present. It will present various theoretical explanations along with solutions and alternative financial systems that avoid instability provided by various scholars dating back to mid-19th century to present..
Giving back: cash waqf in Malaysia
No full textThe institution of waqf, or an Islamic foundation, has played a significant role throughout Islamic history, from the time of the Prophet (pbuh) to the present time. Although this institution existed before the coming of Islam, Islam was the first religion to develop its legal system and to regulate it. It became the main device created by Muslims to facilitate most social services such as education, health care, national security, transportation facilities, basic infrastructure, etc., without any cost to the government.
Recently, the creation of new waqf has concentrated mainly on movable waqf, i.e., cash waqf