INCEIF Knowledge Repository (INCEIF University)
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Risk sharing as the epistemological foundation of Islamic finance
No full textEpistemology is defined as the theory of the method or grounds of knowledge. Simply stated, it deals with the question of what we know about a phenomenon and how do we know it. It is used in this paper to clarify the terms and phenomena and show deviations of actual practices from its epistemology. Beofre Islamic finance made its debut in the conventional space, there was what could be a 'market failure'in the financial system in the form of substantial unmet demands for Shari'ah-compliant financial products
Islamic contracts for financing (part 1)
No full textSharikah literally means the mixing of two properties, so that they cannot be distinguished from each other. It also means sharing and participation. It refers to a property that belongs to several owners or co-proprietors in common, in such a way that each one had ownershio of every smallest part of it in proportion to the shares allotted to them
Testing the contagion between conventional and Shari'ah-compliant stock indexes: a multi country study using wavelet analysis
No full textThis study is motivated by the desire to test empirically whether the contagion seen in conventional stock indexes are also present amongst Sharia'ah-compliant stock indexes. This study is the first attempt at testing whether there has been any contagion among the Shari'ah-compliant stock indexes during the most recent international financial crisis - the US subprime crisis of 2007-2009. The study uses a technique known as the "wavelet approach" which has been very recently imported to finance from engineering sciences ..
Strategic corporate governance for sustainable mutual development
No full textCorporate governance has been dubbed by many as the guiding facet of modern day corporate entities. However, the success rate of the governance efforts are still unclear. It is high time that corporate governance efforts are integrated to accompany all aspects of the corporate entities and encompass the corporations' most valuable asset, its workers, as a primary benefactor rather than them being mere participants. Hence this paper aims to identify critical areas of inclusiveness and especially the impact of such an integrated effort on mutually developing the work force and the corporate entities
The progress of Islamic finance in Maldives
No full textIslamic finance is still at the nascent stage in the Maldives. The country has only recently seen the inception and development of Islamic finance. The first form of Islamic finance that came to the country was takaful with the establishment of Amana Takaful Maldives in 2003. Islamic banking came to the country in 2011 when the only Islamic bank in the country, Maldives Islamic Bank, began operations. The two biggest service providers of Islamic finance in the country are these two entities, which are endeavoring to show the practicality of Islamic banking to the 100% Muslim citizens of the Maldives, constituting a population of about 300,000
History of Islamic public finance: gharar and risk aversion
No full textGharar is usually examined in the literature from the perspective of modern Islamic private finance. In this article, I will focus on public finance and try to explain how this important concept found and application in history. It is a concept that has a long history, and was embedded in Islamic jurist work over centuries of commnets and interpretations
HDFC Amna: the first Islamic window for home financing
No full textThe Housing Development Finance Corporation (HDFC) of the Maldives has launched an Islamic window offering Islamic home financing facilities, registered as HDFC Amna. The establishment of an Islamic window by HDFC is an achievement for the promotion of Islamic finance in the Maldives as it is the first of its kind. Mohamed Shaheem Ali Saeed, the minister for Islamic affairs, stated that it was a remarkable day in the history of Maldives as the creation of HDFC Amna was initiated with the assistance of local experts in the field of Islamic finance
Simulation of nonlinear interest rates in quantum finance: Libor Market Model
No full textThe simulation of the Libor Market Model (LMM) is extensively studied in the frame work of quantum finance.The imperfectly correlated Libor rates are simulated based on a Gaussian quantum field and a recursion equation of nontrivial stochastic drift. The Libor options are studied using both the simulation method and the analytical formula. The caplet price of simulation is compared with Black's caplet formula which can be exactly derived from the LMM. The invariance of caplet price for different forward bond numeraire is verified by using the simulation. The simulation results for coupon bond options and swaptions are compared with the approximate price, which are limited for the reason that the approximate price is derived using the small volatility expansion. The simulation method is shown to have great potential in the application of pricing interest rate instruments
Applications of Malaysia Deposit Insurance Corporation (MDIC) to takaful operators: an analysis from the Shariah advisors' perspective
No full textThe global takaful market is estimated by market analysts to reach a premium of U.S. 3.2 billion. One of the new innovations of takaful and insurance in Malaysia is Perbadanan Insurance Deposit Malaysia (PIDM) which is also known internationally as the Malaysia Deposit Insurance Corporation (MDIC). The role of MDIC is to provide protection to owners of takaful certificate and to ensure the stability and confidence in the market by protecting policy holder (takaful certificate). Therefore, this study investigates the extent to which MDIC is relevant to takaful operators. Personal interviews are carried out with shariah advisers of takaful operators to deduce the actual practice, the ideal role and to gain access to the field of MDIC and its implications in Malaysia. The findings of this research indicate that MDIC is relevant to takaful operators and part of the regulations that should be supported and encouraged. Furthermore, the study also found that Shariah advisers suggest Wakalah bi ajras an alternative of kafalah-bi al-ajrby shifting the scheme to tabarru' model. In addition, the study found that the contribution paid should be charged to the participants' fund; this is because the protection provided by MDIC is for the fund that belongs to the participants and takaful operators deemed to be wakeel (agent) only
Incentive-compatible sukuk musharakah for private sector funding
No full textDespite the huge potential on both the demand and supply sides of the sukuk market, the current sukukstructures fall short of adequately meeting the market’s needs as the Shari'ah compliance of many of them and/or their economic efficiency are questionable. Even though partnership-based sukuk are claimed to reflect the true spirit of Islamic finance, their underuse as a financing instrument is a notable fact. Such a situation, if not addressed, will impede the development of the sukuk market in the future. This paper proposes an innovative sukuk musharakah model for consideration by companies and revenue generating infrastructure projects. The model has an incentive-compatible feature by making the share of the issuing entity in the profit positively related to its performance in addition to a convertibility clause. The sector Return on Equity (ROE), adjusted with the firm beta, is considered a benchmark for measuring the performance of the firm. The paper examines the design of the model, its risk return profile as well as its pricing for secondary market trading