INCEIF Knowledge Repository (INCEIF University)
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Actual costs in fees and charges in Islamic banking
No full textA bank is a financial intermediary that generates income from its fund-based and fee-based products and services. As for the former, the bank has to share the profits with parties from whom it sources funds such as depositors and shareholders to provide financing facilities for its customers. Unlike its fund-based products and services, the bank can recognise any profit generated from its fee-based products and services solely as its own income without having to share it with other parties as it does not utilise others' money in offering such products and services
The response of sectoral returns to macroeconomic shocks in the Malaysian stock market
No full textThis paper examines the responses of sectoral returns to shocks in five macroeconomic indicators using the vector autoregressive (VAR) model and generalised impulse response functions for an emerging stock market, Malaysia. The empirical results suggest that, while the temporal responses of sectoral returns to macroeconomic shocks are relatively identical, their initial responses are slightly different. Monetary policy and exchange rate shocks have the largest effect on the finance sector, whereas output and exchange rate shocks exert most influence on the property sector. Comparatively, among the shocks, monetary shocks (i.e., money supply, interest rate and exchange rate shocks) are more influential in influencing sectoral returns than goods market shocks (i.e., output and consumer price shocks)
The assets and liabilities gap management of conventional and Islamic banks in the organization of Islamic cooperation (OIC) countries
No full textThis article focuses on the short- and long-term assets and liabilities gap and the determinants of net interest/profit margins of both conventional banks and Islamic banks in the Organization of Islamic Cooperation countries over the period from 1997 to 2010. The results show that both conventional and Islamic banks have negative short-term gaps and positive long-term gaps. These indicate that banks use short-term deposits and funding to finance long-term loans, advances and investments, taking into consideration refinancing and reinvestment risks. The findings also show that operating cost is a significant determinant of bank margins and important factor to improve quality of management in banks. Overall, the conventional banks have better quality of assets and liabilities with an optimum composition of profitable assets and low-costs liabilities. The low bank margins in conventional and Islamic banks indicate low volatility in financial markets and the growth of banking business
The diversification benefits from Islamic investment during the financial turmoil: the case for the US-based equity investors
No full textA major issue in both Islamic finance and conventional finance is whether the stocks to the volatilities in the asset returns are substitutes or complements in terms of taking risk. An understanding of how volatilities of and correlations between asset returns change over time including their directions (positive or negative) and size (stronger or weaker) is of crucial importance for both the domestic and international investors with a view to diversifying their portfolios for hedging against unforeseen risks. This study is the first attempt to advance the frontier of knowledge particularly in the fast growing field of Islamic Finance through the application of the recently-developed Dynamic Multivariate GARCH approach. Our study is focused on investigating whether Islamic stock indices provide special avenue for the US-based investors. Our findings based on the Dynamic Conditional Correlation (DCC) tend to suggest: both the conventional and Islamic MSCI indices of Japan, GCC ex-Saudi, Indonesia, Malaysia and Taiwan provide better diversification benefits compared to Korea, Hong Kong, China and Turkey. It tends to suggest that the Islamic countries provide better diversification benefits compared to the Far East countries with strong policy implications for the domestic and international investors in their portfolio diversification for hedging against unforeseen risks. major issue in both Islamic finance and conventional finance is whether the shocks to the volatilities in the asset returns are substitutes or complements in terms of taking risk. An understanding of how volatilities of and correlations between asset returns change over time including their directions (positive or negative) and size (stronger or weaker) is of crucial importance for both the domestic and international investors with a view to diversifying their portfolios for hedging against unforeseen risks
An analysis of stock market efficiency: developed vs Islamic stock markets using MF-DFA
No full textAn efficient market has been theoretically proven to be a key component for effective and efficient resource allocation in an economy. This paper incorporates econophysics with Efficient Market Hypothesis to undertake a comparative analysis of Islamic and developed countries’ markets by extending the understanding of their multifractal nature. By applying the Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (MFDFA) we calculated the generalized Hurst exponents, multifractal scaling exponents and generalized multifractal dimensions for 22 broad market indices. The findings provide a deeper understanding of the markets in Islamic countries, where they have traces of highly efficient performance particularly in crisis periods. A key finding is the empirical evidence of the impact of the ‘stage of market development’ on the efficiency of the market. If Islamic countries aim to improve the efficiency of resource allocation, an important area to address is to focus, among others, on enhancing the stage of market developmen
Basel accords and Islamic finance with special reference to Malaysia
No full textThe worldwide colossal failures of financial institutions in the wake of the 2007-2010 financial turmoil the yesteryear advocates of liberalization and privatization converted almost overnight into vocal supporters of raising the safety walls around the interests of various stakeholders, especially the depositors. Admittedly, it was the heightened lure of leverage gains that led the financial institutions to expand credit beyond what the volume and quality of their capital assets warranted without crossing the limits of safety. The devastation led to a focus-shift so to say at the national and international level in finance specifically to capital adequacy that financial institutions must observe for their own safety as also in the wider social interest. Stringent and regular watch was needed; it was felt, to make adequacy work. The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS), an organ of the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) developed what are known as Accords i.e. agreements defining capital and its adequacy for banks to limit the risks they could take within reasonable confines. It is interesting to find that Malaysia was in a sense predictive to revamp and strengthen its own regulatory framework. Also, the IFSB was alert to announce some new standards. This paper briefly takes stock of these developments with a view to assess how far Basel Accords are likely to be absorbed by the Islamic system
Reverse salam as an innovative instrument for investment accounts
No full textThis research examines the possibility of using the salam (future commodity sale) contract as a fixed deposit instrument that would help Islamic banks in mobilising deposits on the liability side of their balance sheets. It highlights the features and structure of this product - called reverse salam - and discusses the use of hedging tools to make the product more efficient and useful
The need for shariah talent in Islamic finance
No full textThe presentation is to engage in critical discussions on strategies and challenges faced by takaful industry leaders to boost the growth and profitability in the international Takaful market
A structural VAR analysis of Islamic financing in Malaysia
No full textThe purpose of this paper is evaluate the interrelations between Islamic financing and key economic and financial variables including real output, price level, interest rate and stock prices for the case of Malaysia
The importance of rules of Inheritance (fara’id) in a Muslim’s society estate planning
No full textIn inheritance the Western or civil rules allows that we can give the inheritance to anyone that we wish to, be it a family member, outsiders, or even our pets. The civil law recognizes such desires and upholds these wishes even though we deprive our heirs from receiving it especially so where estates worth millions are left to pets. It can be considered as an injustice to the heirs, but they are helpless. Even when challenging the legitimacy of such wills, the civil courts tends to recognize and uphold the wills to be valid. In Islamic context, Islamic law protects the rights of an individual to own or to inherit the estate or wealth but it does not allow any means or tools to hoard money. It is a balanced economic system that allows free movement and circulation of wealth among the masses. Islam develops laws and ethical system that enforces legal and halal means to accumulating wealth and a balanced way of spending and distributing it. It recognizes the rights of others to such wealth through zakat, charity and inheritance. The law of inheritance is comprehensive legal system that allows legal beneficiaries who are eligible to claim their share of the inheritance as commanded by Allah in the Qur’an. No one is being deprived from his/her rights in the inheritance. The rights of the state are also upheld where taxes on inheritance or even debts are to be paid prior to distribution. Under certain circumstances the State can also be one of the beneficiaries of the inheritance under Islamic jurisprudence