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Slave Society Upon a Hill: A Historiography of Slavery in Colonial Massachusetts
Get PDFThis paper explores the treatment of slavery in New England by different historians throughout the 19th, 20th, and 21st centuries. Slavery in the U.S. is most often associated with the American South, but slavery also existed and flourished in New England. The study of how slavery developed in New England is an integral part of American history, as it is significant to see how slavery could have existed in a place known for its liberal ideals and democratic heroism and how that affected the development of American society. It is also important to explore why the story of slavery in New England has often been silenced in historical literature
True Independence or Fake Freedom: Deconstructing Media Representations of Women in Chinese Otome Games
No full textThe rise of women gamers has driven demand for emotional virtual experiences, particularly in otome games with romantic narratives. Offering a hybrid methodology, this study analyzes character portrayals in three popular Chinese otome mobile games—Mr. Love: Queen’s Choice, Light and Night, and Tears of Themis—while also exploring the responses of women players through semi-structured interviews. The findings reveal that women protagonists in otome games are often young, dependent on men characters, and hold subordinate roles, thus underscoring the presence of traditional gender norms. This aligns with media studies scholarship that suggests media representations of women often reinforce societal gender roles. Players express dissatisfaction with the lack of diversity in character backgrounds, traits, and appearances, calling for more complex representations. This study recommends that game developers create more inclusive and empowering women characters and storylines to better align with contemporary women’s evolving identities
An Exploration of the Relationship between Age and Disposition in the Juvenile Court Data
No full textStruggles with depression are prominent among the population of incarcerated individuals. After COVID-19, the impacts of depression became more profound among incarcerated youth. For youth with previous diagnoses, the impacts of depression were more severe. To better understand the scope of the issue, this literature review examines how the field currently understands COVID-19’s impact on the depression of incarcerated youth. Findings suggest that factors such as isolation, physiological social stressors, and prior mental health diagnosis contribute to depression among incarcerated youth. Implications for mental health prevention and treatment for incarcerated youth will be discussed
“Do You Solemnly Swear or Affirm?” Investigating Oath Swearing and its Effects on a Mock Rape Trial
No full textWithin U.S. courts, witnesses are given the ability to choose between declaring an oath (religious connotation) or affirmation (secular connotation) when swearing in. Given the large religious presence and prejudice toward non-believers within the U.S., we employed a brief vignette study and a mock juror experiment to explicitly measure how oath vs. affirmation choice affects perceptions of witnesses and legal judgments of victims and defendants in a rape case. For this two-part pre-registered study, we recruited U.S. jury-eligible adults (Study 1, N = 451; Study 2, N = 122) via Prolific. In Study 1, participants indicated the probable level of religiosity of hypothetical court witnesses who chose to swear an oath or give an affirmation. In Study 2, participants read a mock trial transcript summary in which the victim and defendant took an oath or affirmation. Then they rendered a verdict and provided ratings for various perceived characteristics of the victim and defendant. Results from Study 1 showed that participants perceived the oath-swearing witness as more religious, those who chose the oath themselves were actually more religious, and participants associated oath swearing with credibility. Results from Study 2 reaffirmed that the oath is associated with religiosity, as participants viewed the victim taking the oath as more religious. However, oath vs. affirmation choice did not impact verdicts nor ratings of the victim and defendant. Our findings provide insight into perceived religiosity in courtroom settings. We consider implications for oath and affirmation declarations, the rape literature, and legal decision-making
“We Weren’t Heard Until It Was Too Late”: Navigating Inequities in Healthcare as Black Women in the U.S.
Get PDFThis qualitative research project investigates the lived experiences of Black women navigating the U.S. healthcare system. Through semi-structured interviews with participants of different socioeconomic backgrounds, geographic locations, and reproductive histories, we identified systemic and interpersonal dynamics that perpetuate disparities in healthcare. The major themes discovered through our research include: Medical Dismissal Gaslighting of pain and other concerns, Financial & Structural Barriers due to cost and access to quality healthcare, the value of Cultural Concordance & Representation, Self-Advocacy as a survival tactic and the impact of Patient-Centered Experiences. The findings reveal that while some participants reported positive experiences, most described navigating racism, neglect, and the emotional toll of invisibility. Our research approach heightens the complexity of existing statistical data by focusing on the lived experiences for Black women, advocating for racial equity and person-centered care policies
The Transformation of the Commercial Airline Industry by Frequent Flyer Programs
Get PDFFrequent flyer programs (FFPs) started in the 1950s as rudimentary punch card programs tracking limited customer information. However, at present, they are some of the most dynamic and complex loyalty programs in the world: maintaining external partnerships that have diversified industry economics with billions in annual co-branded revenue; agglomerating big data to create detailed customer profiles, determining their willingness to pay, and dynamically set pricing thereafter; and generating commercial value often exceeding the market capitalizations of their respective carriers. This paper leverages extensive secondary sources to portray the evolution of FFPs and their impact on the larger industry through every major iteration—from pre- and post-co-branded credit cards to the COVID-19 pandemic and the contemporary environment. With every iteration came a greater, more complicated integration of FFPs with revenue management as airlines increasingly leverage[d] and manipulate[d] customer loyalty for financial returns. This integration was/is only accelerated by big data and artificial intelligence which have evolved the commercial airline industry from being oriented on mass markets to a segment or customer of one. Nevertheless, growing external partnerships also fuel this change as FFPs and their operating economics evolve from isolated, standalone programs to globally interconnected ones bridging airlines, alliances, and continents. While the future potential of FFPs largely depends on their ability to continue isolating a market of one, proposed governmental action threatens to implicate existing structures and the larger industry as FFPs assume increasing relevance in everyday customer spending
Evaluating Gender Policy in Kazakhstan: A Dual Perspective on Politics and Economics
Get PDFThis article aims to advance gender studies in Kazakhstan by examining the underlying causes of inequality in the political and economic spheres. It holds both scientific and practical significance in identifying the challenges to gender equality in Kazakhstan and exploring potential solutions that could be applicable to other countries. The methodological framework of the study is grounded in a gender-based approach, complemented by general scientific and specialized methods of inquiry, including structural, functional, and content analysis of official documents. The research is supported by an analysis of official statistics and the legal framework governing gender-related issues. Kazakhstan’s gender policy is characterized by its transitional nature, where the incomplete political reforms contribute to the persistence of gender inequality. Drawing on statistical data, expert opinions, and scholarly research, this article provides compelling evidence that gender imbalances remain prevalent in contemporary Kazakhstani society, particularly in politics and public administration, and that various forms of discrimination against women in the labor market and the broader economy persist
Epistemic Injustice against Khoi-Coloured Women from the Cape: Connected Encounters with the Matriarchal Lineages of Krotoa
Get PDFEpistemic injustice towards Indigenous women is a global reality. In South Africa (SA) and beyond, Black pain is a recognized experience. “Coloured” pain is less familiar terrain since “Coloured” identity is accepted by some South Africans but rejected by others. Racial identities, however, often manifest as a material reality in society, shaping the life possibilities and potentialities of people. “Coloured” women have experienced limited upward mobility in post-Apartheid SA, and experiences of non-belonging accompany “Coloured” consciousness, collectively and individually. Claims attached to Khoi-Coloured heritage are growing more assertive in the current body politic and concentrated in provinces like the Western Cape in SA. Hidden by African patriarchal claims, the voices and politics of women with Khoi lineage are once again hidden in post-Apartheid SA. Many different stigmas are attached to such women, stigmas that are insufficiently explored and deconstructed in scholarly work. How much of this Khoi-Coloured condition entails a peculiar experience of pain and deprivation? How do we access Khoi (and San) lineage given a fragmented and absent archival political history, and do personal auto-ethnographies provide a way into a deeper understanding of these socio-cultural identities? Drawing on the experience of a historical figure, Krotoa, this paper argues that the “Coloured” African Matriarch is a decolonial African universal in the making