Repositorio Institucional de INECOL (Instituto de Ecología)
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CERATIUM SCHRANK (DINOPHYCEAE) OF THE NATIONAL PARK SISTEMA ARRECIFAL VERACRUZANO, GULF OF MEXICO, WITH A KEY FOR IDENTIFICATION
Get PDFSe estudió la morfología de 33 especies de Ceratium (38 incluso los taxa infraespecíficos) con base en aproximadamente 600 muestras de red (20 µm) tomadas de mayo de 2005 a marzo de 2008 en ocho estaciones de muestreo en el sector noroeste del Parque Nacional Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano, la parte sur del Golfo de México. Para cada especie se dan descripciones cortas, así como la sinonimia. La variación de tamaño de las células, el promedio y la desviación estándar se presentan para la mayoría de las especies. Para 23 taxa se proporcionan notas sobre sus afinidades, al igual que comentarios taxonómicos, nomenclaturales y biogeográficos. Se incluye una clave dicotómica para la identificación, así como las fotografías en microscopio fotónico y dibujos a línea de todas las especies encontradas. Ceratium dens, C. bigelowii, C. limulus, C. tripos f. tripodoides y C. declinatum var. angusticornum son nuevos registros para la parte mexicana del Golfo de México
Damage and recovery of forest structure and composition after two subsequent hurricanes in the Yucatan Peninsula
Get PDFHurricanes are important disturbances shaping tropical forest structure. In the last 35 years the frequency and intensity of these events have changed, and it is predicted that intense hurricanes will become even more frequent with continued ocean surface warming. In 2005, the northeastern region of the Yucatan peninsula was hit by two subsequent category-5 hurricanes (3 months apart), Emily and Wilma. I conducted vegetation surveys to evaluate forest structure and composition soon after each disturbance and after one year, determining number of species, number of stems, basal area, and type of impact presented (defoliated, snapped, or uprooted), for all stems ≥ 5 cm DBH in two different forest stand ages (8-15 yr and > 30 yr). Number of species and basal area varied by forest stand age and survey; stem density decreased after the hurricanes. The highest percentage of damaged individuals was after the second hurricane (60%), but one year later this percentage was greatly reduced (13%).In all surveys, defoliation was the most common damage and uprooting the least common. In general, larger trees suffered more uprooting and snapping than did smaller ones. The importance value of most common species remained similar over time but increased for a few late successional species by the final survey. This forest showed a high degree of recovery to multiple disturbances, reflecting a long history of adaptation to these events
Ecological engineering for controlling surface runoff pollution
Get PDFEcological engineering involve the design, construction, operation, and management of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems to mitigate environmental pollution, this benefit both humanity and nature. The field has its roots in ecology and is practiced within an engineering context. Ecological engineering differs from environmental engineering because the latter focuses on solving problems of pollution using advanced technologies, which are heavily dependent on fossil fuels while the first relays on ecosystems and renewable energy sources. Currently, ecological engineering is used widely to solve different environmental problems such as controlling non point source pollution. Surface runoff is a term used to describe the flow of water, from rain, snowmelt, or other sources over the land and is a major component of the water cycle . When runoff flows along the ground, it can pick up soil contaminants such as petroleum, pesticides, or fertilizers that reach the water bodies. If a nonpoint source contains man-made contaminants, the runoff is called nonpoint source pollution. Bioswales and created or constructed wetlands are ecological engineered systems for controlling non point source pollution. This chapter presents a review of the state of art on the principles and applications of ecological engineering to control water contamination from different types of surface run off. The first part defines and describes the principles that govern ecological engineering. The second part presents a broad and update review about the design principles and applications ecological engineered systems to control different types of non point source pollution
Aquatic phytoremediation: Novel insights in tropical and subtropical regions
Get PDFAn overview of the state of the art in phytofiltration of nutrients and heavy metals (HMs) from wastewaters using tropical and subtropical plants in constructed wetlands (CWs) and lagoons is presented. Various mechanisms to remove these pollutants are discussed, in regard to three different types of systems: surface flow constructed wetlands (SFCWs), sub- surface flow constructed wetlands (SSFCWs), and lagoons with floating plants. Only recent reports at laboratory, pilot and full scale, especially in tropical regions, are discussed. Most of the experiences around the world have shown that these systems are efficient and high re- moval percentages have been reported for both, nutrients and metals. However, there are still several unsolved or partially understood issues. Long-term studies at the mesocosms or large scale, in order to gain a full insight of the various mechanisms occurring in each system, are required. The understanding of the fate or compartmentalization of the pollutants in these complex artificial ecosystems, especially in the case of HMs, will permit us to establish the frequency of harvesting and the advantages of the use of specific species. The huge bio- diversity that is commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions represents a challenge for finding new species with outstanding characteristics for tolerance to toxic and recalcitrant pollutants or to extreme environmental conditions, such as high temperature or salinity
Germination Response of the Epiphytic Cactus Rhipsalis baccifera (J. S. Miller) Stearn to Different Light Conditions and Water Availability
Get PDFIn the forest canopy, seeds of epiphytic plants encounter heterogeneous environments created by a combination of factors such as solar radiation, humidity, and host characteristics. Germination requirements may explain the species distribution in the canopy; however, more knowledge is essential. Germination of Rhipsalis baccifera, a widespread tropical epiphytic cactus and representative of the humid montane forest in Mexico, was 80% or higher with far red, red, and white light and close to 0 in darkness. Germination was light saturated at very low photon flux density of only 13.5 mmol m 2 s 1. Germination decreased gradually at low water potentials and with increased storage time. After storage for 1 yr, no seeds germinated. Seeds have the ability to germinate in both the internal and external positions of the tree crowns. The germinative requirements of R. baccifera indicate that it could colonize a wide range of light conditions in the canopy; however, substrate humidity and seed age could limit germination
THE MEXICAN ROOTS OF THE INDIAN LAVENDER TREE
Get PDFThe tree known as indian lavender (Bursera delpechiana, Burseraceae) is a source of linalool. it was introduced to india from Mexico at the beginning of the 20th century for the exploitation of its essential oil. its origin from Mexico was not well understood because the name B. delpechiana has been taxonomically obsolete for many years. We used molecular, phylogenetic, and chemical data to determine which currently recognized species it belongs to. This evidence regarding the indian Lavender Tree’s identity all points to the Mexican species, Bursera linanoe.our chemical analysis also revealed that linalyl acetate is the primary constituent of indian Lavender oil as well as of Mexican B. linanoe rather than linalool as previously believe
DOS NUEVOS TAXA DE BURSERA (BURSERACEAE) DE BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR, MÉXICO
Get PDFSe describen e ilustran dos nuevos taxa del género Bursera de la región de Los Cabos, en el extremo meridional de la Península de Baja California, México. Uno de estos es designado como B. littoralis y el otro como B. rupicola. El primero tiene cierta similitud con B. filicifolia y B. laxiflora del sur de la península e incluso con B. ribana del occidente del país, pero difiere de éstas por el menor tamaño de las hojas y folíolos, tiene también un porte arbustivo con ramificación compacta e intrincada, y particularmente porque habita en la duna costera. El segundo taxon se relaciona con B. epinnata del sur de la península, distinguiéndose de ésta por presentar hojas casi siempre unifolioladas con folíolos membranáceos, brillantes, las inflorescencias cortas con menor número de flores, y particularmente por su hábito arbustivo de ramas colgantes. Ambas especies pertenecen a la sección Bullockia por tener el ovario 2-locular, fruto 2-valvado, catafilos manifiestos, flores 4(5)-meras y corteza no exfoliante
PITCAIRNIA YOCUPITZIAE (BROMELIACEAE; PITCAIRNIOIDEAE), NOTABLE NUEVA ESPECIE DE GUERRERO, MÉXICO
Get PDFSe describe e ilustra Pitcairnia yocupitziae Espejo & López-Ferrarri, sp. nov. (Bromeliaceae), conocida únicamente del estado de Guerrero, México. La nueva especie se compara con P. roseana L. B. Sm., de la cual difiere por su inflorescencia y por sus brácteas florales. Se incluye también una clave para identificar las especies del género presentes en el estado de Guerrero
