Repositorio Institucional de INECOL (Instituto de Ecología)
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Dusting-off the file: A review of knowledge on urban ornithology in Latin America
No full textThe accelerated rate of urban growth has become of major environmental concern, especially in less developed countries where urban development is expected to rise. Although urban ornithological studies from Latin America have increased in the last decades, they have not been previously synthesized. In this review we gathered all the available information regarding urban bird studies from the American continent, excluding the US, Canada, and Alaska, summarized their results, compared them with previous knowledge from other tropical and temperate zones, and discuss possible future urban ornithological trends. We compiled a total of 84 papers published in different languages and journals from 1974 to 2009. Several main urban ornithological patterns reported in the gathered set of publications agree with those previously reported in studies performed in other tropical and temperate zones. However, others differ greatly, and/or cannot be compared due to the lack of information from urban Latin America. We believe that urban ornithology is a promising field in Latin America, as there is still an important amount of missing knowledge that should be considered in order to strengthen generalized urban ornithological and ecological basis. The latter could aid in the development of urban management, conservation, and planning strategies that could result in the establishment of sustainable cities in Latin America
TWO NEW RECORDS AND ONE REDISCOVERY FOR ORCHIDACEAE OF MÉXICO
Get PDFSe reporta para la flora mexicana la presencia de dos especies de orquídeas, Oncidium poikilostalix y Telipogon helleri, ambas previamente registradas de Centroamérica. La primera se conocía ampliamente con el nombre de Sigmatostalix poikilostalix, mientras que la segunda con el de Stellilabium helleri. También se comunica el redescubrimiento en México de otra orquídea, Plectrophora alata, la cual había sido encontrada en el país hace 75 años y no había vuelto a ser colectada desde entonces, por lo que se suponía extinta. Estas tres plantas fueron recientemente halladas al explorar los bosques húmedos de elevaciones intermedias en la región del volcán Tacaná, en Chiapas. Cada especie se describe e ilustra a partir de especímenes mexicanos y se discuten sus similitudes con taxa relacionados
Una especie nueva de Mimulus L. (Sección Simiolus, Phrymaceae) del Noreste de Michoacán, México
Get PDFSe describe e ilustra como nueva especie para la ciencia a Mimulus minimus con base en material colectado en las montañas del noreste del estado de Michoacán, en sitios húmedos en el bosque de Pinus-Quercus-Cupressus. El nuevo taxon se ubica en la sección Simiolus Greene (subgénero Synplacus Grant); se discuten las semejanzas y diferencias que guarda con Mimulus calciphilus Gentry, M. depressus Phil., M. glabratus Kunth, M. minutiflorus Vickery, M. wiensii Vickery, M. yecorensis Vickery y M. guttatus DC. especies que parecen ser las más cercanas morfológicament
The evaluation of researchers and the future of Latin American scientific journals
No full textScientific papers published in Latin American journals are usually assigned a very low or null value in current evaluation systems. Consequently, our scientists are publishing their most relevant work elsewhere, mainly in journals in ISI?s Citation Index (CI) that have a high Impact Factor (IF). Latin American journals literally are being deprived of the best contributions from the region, making it increasingly difficult for them to acquire international visibility and attract authors and evaluators. If this continues, our journals will be relegated to a secondary role and may well disappear. Several scientists have examined the main limitations of ISI?s CI and the IF as indicators of ‗good science? and I review these here. I briefly describe recently developed alternatives that should at least complement these indicators. Finally, I reflect on current research evaluation practices and propose measures to break the cycle in which our journals are trapped. Hopefully this analysis will enliven the debate on the indicators employed in our evaluation systems and stimulate discussion of the far reaching consequences that their use is having on the development of science in Latin America and on the future of our journals
Ipomoea macdonaldii (Convolvulaceae), una especie nueva del estado de Oaxaca, México
Get PDFSe describe como especie nueva a Ipomoea macdonaldii, encontrada en la zona costera del estado de Oaxaca, México, en zonas con bosques tropicales subcaducifolios principalmente en altitudes menores de 200 m, aunque ocasionalmente cercana a los 1000 m. Es una planta herbácea trepadora, cuyas flores blancas, con estambres exsertos, abren por la noche. Pertenece al subgénero Eriospermum, y se encuentra más relacionada a Ipomoea lottiae. Se presenta una ilustración de I. macdonaldii, así como datos ecológicos
Anastrepha ludens and Anastrepha serpentina (Diptera: Tephritidae) do not infest Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae), but Anastrepha obliqua ocasionally shares this resource with Anastrepha striata in nature
Get PDFThis study examined whether economically important fruit ßy species Anastrepha ludens (Loew), Anastrepha serpentina (Wiedemann), and Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) (Diptera: Tephritidae) may opportunistically exploit guavas, Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae), growing near preferred natural hosts. We collected 3,459 kg of guavas and 895 kg of other known host species [sour orange, Citrus aurantium L.; grapefruit, Citrus paradisi Macfadyen; mango, Mangifera indica L.; white sapote, Casimiroa edulis La Llave and Lex.; sapote, Pouteria sapota (Jacq.); sapodilla, Manilkara zapota L.; and wild plum, Spondias purpurea L. and Spondias mombin L.] along an altitudinal gradient over a 4-yr period (2006Ð2009). Plants were growing in sympatry in 23 localities where the guavas are usually infested in the state of Veracruz, Me ́ xico. The guava samples yielded 20,341 Anastrepha spp. pupae in total (overall mean, 5.88 pupae per kg of fruit). ConÞrming previous reports, Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) and Anastrepha striata (Schiner) were found heavily infesting guavas in Veracruz. Importantly, although we did not Þnd evidence that A. ludens and A. serpentina are able to attack this valuable commodity, we document for the Þrst time in the agriculturally important state of Veracruz that P. guajava is an alternative natural host plant of A. obliqua. We recovered two fruit in the mango-growing locality of la Võ ́bora, Tlalixcoyan, that harbored larvae of A. striata and A. obliqua. This Þnding has important practical implications for management of A. obliqua. Over the entire altitudinal gradient, when individual fruit infestation was examined, a dynamic pattern of species dominance was unveiled with guavas growing below 800 m above sea level mainly attacked by A. striata and a progressive replacement with increasing altitude by A. fraterculus. Interestingly, most individual fruit examined (97%) harbored a single species of fruit ßy, a Þnding that may be taken as evidence of competitive displacement among sympatric species of fruit ßies. Based on this study and previously published work by us on this topic, we conclude that literature reports indicating that A. ludens and A. serpentina infest guavas under Þeld conditions should be questioned
New Genus, new species and new records of Mexican Lygaeoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera)
Get PDFAndercnemodus picachus is described and illustrated as a new genus and species of Myodochini (Lygaeoidea) from Baja California (Mexico). The following Lygaeoidea are recorded from Mexico for the first time: Ochrimnus foederatus (Van Duzee) (Lygaeidae), Thylochromus nitidulus Barber (Drymini), Sphragisticus nebulosus (Fallén) (Megalonotini) and Pseudopamera rubricata (Barber) (Myodochini). New Mexican records of Heterogaster behrensii Uhler (Heterogastridae) are added
PERIDINIUM QUINQUECORNE VAR. TRISPINIFERUM VAR. NOV. (DINOPHYCEAE) FROM A BRACKISH ENVIRONMENT
Get PDFPeridinium quinquecorne es un dinoflagelado marino que se caracteriza por la presencia de cuatro espinas conspicuas en la hipoteca. En la laguna de Sontecomapan, en el Golfo de México, en muestras de fitoplancton de 1999, 2001, 2003 y 2007, encontramos un organismo cuyas características de forma, número y arreglo de placas coincidieron con las descritas para esta especie. Sin embargo, las poblaciones registradas presentaron sólo tres espinas en la hipoteca en lugar de las cuatro descritas para P. quinquecorne. El número de espinas y su posición en las placas antapicales fue un rasgo constante que se ha observado en un período de nueve años. A partir de octubre de 2002 a octubre de 2003 se estudió la dinámica de la comunidad fitoplanctónica de la laguna de Sontecomapan, y la presencia de este organismo se detectó en los meses de febrero y junio, cuando las salinidades de la laguna estuvieron por debajo de valores de 21‰ y a temperaturas mayores a 24.5 ºC. En febrero de 2003 alcanzó densidades altas, siendo la especie dominante en la comunidad fitoplanctónica. Basándonos en las observaciones de la morfología de este dinoflagelado en microscopios óptico y electrónico y la posesión de sólo tres espinas como un carácter constante, proponemos la nueva variedad Peridinium quinquecorne var. trispiniferum para este taxon que causó un florecimiento en este sistema tropical salobre