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Rechtswidrigkeit einer Vorkaufssatzung zur Sicherung städtebaulicher Entwicklung, Urteilsbesprechung
No full textKI-basierte Regelungskonzepte zur automatischen Spurregelung von Flurförderzeugen
No full textIn diesem Beitrag werden zwei KI-basierte Regelungskonzepte zur automatischen Spurführung von Flurförderzeugen (FFZ) einer heterogenen Logistikflotte vorgestellt. Während die modellfreien Verfahren des bestärkenden Lernens für diese Anwendung als Vertreter der direkten neuronalen Regelung vorgestellt werden, lässt sich das zweite Regelungskonzept in die Klasse der indirekten neuronalen Regelungen einordnen. Beide Konzepte zeichnen sich dadurch aus, dass sie dazu in der Lage sind, die Reglerparameter an verschiedene Varianten von FFZ anzupassen sowie vorab bekanntes Wissen bezüglich des Regelstreckenverhaltens beim Entwurf der Regler gezielt zu berücksichtigen
Multiclass classification of Autism Spectrum Disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and typically developed individuals using fMRI functional connectivity analysis
No full textNeurodevelopmental conditions, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), present unique challenges due to overlapping symptoms, making an accurate diagnosis and targeted intervention difficult. Our study employs advanced machine learning techniques to analyze functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from individuals with ASD, ADHD, and typically developed (TD) controls, totaling 120 subjects in the study. Leveraging multiclass classification (ML) algorithms, we achieve superior accuracy in distinguishing between ASD, ADHD, and TD groups, surpassing existing benchmarks with an area under the ROC curve near 98%. Our analysis reveals distinct neural signatures associated with ASD and ADHD: individuals with ADHD exhibit altered connectivity patterns of regions involved in attention and impulse control, whereas those with ASD show disruptions in brain regions critical for social and cognitive functions. The observed connectivity patterns, on which the ML
Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) – unser bester Freund? Wie Menschen auf KI-Entscheidungsempfehlungen reagieren
No full textKünstliche Intelligenz (KI) hat sich zu einer transformativen Kraft entwickelt, die verschiedene Aspekte der täglichen Arbeit beeinflusst. Es stellt sich die Frage: Können Menschen freundschaftliche Beziehungen zu KI-Entscheidungsunterstützungssystemen aufbauen oder werden diese Systeme nur als Werkzeuge betrachtet? In diesem Kapitel werden die Dynamik, die Herausforderungen und die Möglichkeiten von Mensch-KI-Interaktionen (MKI) untersucht, wobei ein besonderer Fokus auf die entscheidende Rolle des Vertrauens in dieser Interaktion gelegt wird. Das Vertrauen in KI wird durch kognitive, emotionale und soziale Faktoren beeinflusst. Zu den kognitiven Faktoren gehören die Transparenz und Interpretierbarkeit von KI-Systemen, zu den emotionalen Faktoren gehören die emotionale Bindung und das Verhältnis zwischen Menschen und KI-Agenten und zu den sozialen Faktoren gehören gesellschaftliche Normen und kulturelle Einflüsse. Das Spannungsverhältnis zwischen Automatisierungs- und Algorithmusvermeidungstendenzen stellt eine komplexe Herausforderung für MKI dar. Automatisierungsbias bedeutet, sich unhinterfragt auf KI-Empfehlungen zu verlassen. Die Tendenz zur Algorithmusvermeidung beschreibt die Ablehnung oder das Übergehen von KI-Empfehlungen zugunsten eines menschlichen Urteils. Um dieses Spannungsfeld zu bewältigen, müssen transparente und erklärbare KI-Systeme entwickelt und eine effektive Zusammenarbeit zwischen Menschen und KI gefördert werden. Durch die Berücksichtigung dieser Faktoren und die Stärkung des Vertrauens kann MKI zu einer informierteren Entscheidungsfindung und einer effektiven Nutzung der KI-Funktionen führe
Lattice-Like Waveguides With Integrated Bragg Gratings in Planar Cyclic Olefin Copolymers
No full textThis contribution demonstrates femtosecond laser direct writing of lattice-like waveguides in planar cyclic olefin copolymer substrates. Based on numerical simulation and experimental near-field analysis, stable single-mode waveguiding around wavelengths of 1550 nm is demonstrated. The waveguiding mechanism is based on a hexagonal array of laser-induced, positive refractive index modification lines. Thus, the lateral extension of the guided mode can be adapted by varying the fabrication parameters and, in consequence, the resulting cross-sectional arrangement of the refractive index perturbations. With an optical attenuationof 2.2 dB·cm-1 around 1550 nm, the fabricated waveguides are well-suited for on-chip integrated photonic devices. Moreover, the waveguides can also be equipped with Bragg gratings to enable the application of the photonic platform as a sensing device. Dependingon their length, the Bragg grating structures exhibit reflectivities ofup to 99% and spectral widths down to 0.3 nm. The flexibility of the fabrication process and the sensing capabilities of the lattice-like waveguides with integrated Bragg gratings are underlined by an exemplary application study demonstrating a relative pressure sensor. For that, a photonic platform is micromilled to generate a 300 µm thick diaphragm and a reference pressure chamber. The strain introduced to the diaphragm by external pressure changes can then be quantified by the integrated photonic structures.This way, absolute pressure sensitivities of up to 38 pm·kPa-1 can be achieved in a relative pressure range from −60 to 100 kPa. The newly-developed lattice-like waveguides with integrated Bragggratings are therefore well-suited for the realization of novel and adaptable photonic devices and sensors
Understanding Innovation and Sustainability in Digital Organizations: A Mixed-Method Approach
No full textIn recent years, organizations have increasingly turned to digital transformation (D) to drive innovation (I) and sustainability (S). However, the rapid growth of studies on this topic, particularly since 2019, has made it challenging to clearly define these concepts, operationalize their constructs, and understand their positive organizational impacts. This article addresses these gaps through a systematic literature review (SLR) that combines
quantitative and qualitative analysis. This study begins with a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of 3099 articles published between 2010 and 2023 in the Scopus database containing the terms “digital,” “innovation,” and “sustainability” (or “sustainable”). It then covers a detailed qualitative review of 20 high-quality articles from VHB-JOURQUAL-C-ranked journals or higher. By employing an inductive–deductive approach, the authors identify
consistent and conflicting definitions, diverse constructs for each D-I-S concept, and numerous positive organizational effects. This article provides a structured overview of existing D-I-S definitions and introduces a model to distinguish environmental, organizational, and solution levels. Additionally, it presents a visual framework of the direct and mediated positive effects of D-I-S in organizations. Overall, these insights underscore the critical role of digital transformation in advancing innovation and sustainability, offering valuable guidance for researchers and practitioners alike
Effective Innovation Leadership Framework: Self-Reflection Method
No full textImagining, designing and teaching regenerative futures is challenging. Educators often lack
approaches that allow them to address the complexities of global challenges through new
narratives, which make space for the imagination of desirable futures. Commonly in education,
we retell the story of an apocalyptic future when speaking about global challenges such as
biodiversity degradation and climate change. This narrative, which focuses on the risks and
dangers of global environmental change, is built on the assumption that the induced fear might
lead to action.
This toolkit supports educators who wish to follow a different route. It is based on the assumption
that “we can’t create what we cannot imagine” (quote by Lucile Clifton). Consequently, imagining,
designing, and teaching regenerative futures is the basis and starting point for actualizing
them. The beginning of fundamental change is often hard to track because it first takes place
in our minds. Visible, large-scale change arises from invisible, wild ideas and imaginations.
According to the philosopher and educator John Dewey, imagination is “the ability to look at
things as if they could be otherwise”. This ability to ask “what if?” is central to envisioning and
enacting better lives. The lack of broad-scale action towards regenerative ways of living can
be seen as a lack of imagination to create shared visions of an alternative future. Collectively
envisioning desirable futures provides the motivation and guidance for change, or as the poet
Rainer Maria Rilke put it: “the future enters into us, in order to transform itself in us, long before
it happens.”
This toolkit introduces a broad variety of creative and arts-based methods for regeneration
and transformation that can be used in various educational settings. It harnesses the power
of creative and arts-based practices, which are increasingly seen as a means of expanding
future imaginaries and supporting the development of new scenarios of transformative change.
The toolkit was developed within the COST Action SHiFT Social Sciences and Humanities
for social transformation and climate change as an initiative of Working Group 3: Creative
Practices and Outreach. It comprises a selection of 68 creative methods brought together
in a collaborative effort by 124 authors from 31 countries and 6 continents. Its intention is
to comprise a valuable resource for educators, teachers, lecturers, community workers, and
change-makers who are aiming to empower their learners while providing competencies in
regenerative design, climate action, futures thinking, human-nature connection, wellbeing and
community engagement.
This toolkit is more than a collection of methods but a call to action and a comprehensive
resource developed through the synergistic efforts of contributors worldwide
Computational optimization of borehole sequences for the reduction of heat accumulation in drilling processes using ultrashort pulse lasers
No full textWe report on laser drilling of borehole arrays using a high-power ultrashort pulse laser with particular focus on reducing heat accumulation in the workpiece by optimizing the drilling sequence, particularly for highly efficient multi-spot drilling. Different optimization approaches are chosen to improve the drilling sequence, also comparing a simplex algorithm and an evolutionary algorithm. From a laser application point of view, we also compare drilling sequences using a single spot and up to 16-fold multi-spots generated by a spatial light modulator, as to accelerate the drilling process in terms of the number of drilled holes per second. To evaluate the temperatures generated during drilling of up to 40,000 holes in less than 76 seconds in stainless steel foil, temperatures are measured by a thermal imaging camera and subsequently compared to a COMSOL-based simulation for
all optimized drilling sequences. With respect to an average temperature of 706 °C without optimization, a reduction by 252 °C, i.e., a reduction by nearly 36 % based on the Celsius scale, is achieved using a 4 × 4 beam splitter and an optimized drilling sequence with a drilling rate of 526 holes per second. In addition, using a 2 × 2 beam splitter, a temperature reduction of up to 40.5 % is achieved for a drilling process with a rate of 129 holes per second using an optimized drilling sequence
Poly-dopamine - an organic material for X-ray mirror coatings and other technical applications
No full textAlthough the organic molecule dopamine (3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine) is commonly known as the “hormone of happiness”, thin polymer films of poly-dopamine also have interesting technical properties. When produced by dip coating, these self-organizing layers grow in a reproducible thickness of single or multiple molecule monolayers of a few nanometre thickness only. One application is the use of thin poly-dopamine overcoatings to increase the soft X-ray reflectivity of astronomical X-ray mirrors. We thereby introduce a method of determining the layer thickness of poly-dopamine, which is based on spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements and applies an optical model for the poly-dopamine layers including their dielectric function. Furthermore, we give an outlook to other technical applications for this promising material, presenting this bio-inspired organic polymer as an innovative technical solution for the future.Poste