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Vertrauen als ein Verhältnis zwischen Menschen und Maschinen
No full textDer technische Fortschritt von IT-Systemen, wie zum Beispiel der sogenannten „Künstlichen Intelligenz“ (KI) oder den „Common Data Spaces“ (CDSs), bringt die Frage nach der Akzeptanz dieser Systeme mit sich. Sowohl die aktive (ökonomische) Akzeptanz in Form des Erwerbs und der Nutzung, als auch die passive (soziale) Akzeptanz in Form der Duldung der aktiven Nutzung durch Dritte, sind für den Erfolg von IT-Systemen ausschlaggebend. Eine geringe Akzeptanz der Systeme und ein mangelndes Vertrauen in dieselben wird in einen Zusammenhang gebracht: Man fragt nach der Gestaltung „zuverlässiger und vertrauenswürdiger Systeme“, da diese besonders akzeptiert werden.
In diesem Beitrag werden „Vertrauen“ und dessen Zusammenhang mit „Zuverlässigkeit“ und „Verstehen“ im Kontext von IT-Systemen erörtert
Exploiting Self-Imposed Constraints on RGB and LiDAR for Unsupervised Training
No full textHand detection on single images is an intensively researched area, and reasonable solutions are already available today. However, fine-tuning detectors within a specific domain remains a tedious task. Unsupervised training procedures can reduce the effort required to create domain-specific datasets and models. In addition, different modalities of the same physical space, here color and depth data, represent objects differently and thus allow for exploitation. We introduce and evaluate a training pipeline to exploit the modalities in an unsupervised manner. The supervision is omitted by choosing suitable self-imposed constraints for the data source. We compare our training results with ground truth training results and show that with these modalities, the domain can be extended without a single annotation, e.g., for detecting colored gloves
The Röntgen Medal: honouring X-ray excellence
No full textStarting in 1951, the 50th anniversary of the award of the first Nobel Prize for physics to Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, the Lord Mayor of the German City of Remscheid has given out Röntgen Medals. The Röntgen Medal annually honours
scientists who "in the broadest sense have made a special contribution to the progress and dissemination of X-ray
discoveries in the theoretical and applied sciences". The Röntgen Medal has become highly recognized in the scientific world. To date, more than one hundred excellent scientists have received the honour. Through their chronology, this
contribution presents a "Who’s Who" of X-ray science and provides selected insights into their scientific work; with the fields of X-ray optics and X-ray astronomy receiving special focus
An integrative definition of digital, innovation, and sustainable: A bridge between disciplines
No full textIt needs to be clarified how digital, innovation, and sustainable concepts are interdependent and what dimensions they encompass from an organizational perspective. This article aims to fill these gaps. 12,249 articles are analyzed, of which 776 are minimum C-ranked according to VHB-Jourqual, and 457 pass the quality filters. Only 48 publications deal with all three concepts, and 24 offer definitions. This results from an eight-step systematic literaturereview. Three dimensions for 'digital' (data, technologies, and networks), three dimensions for ‘sustainable’(environmental, social, and economic), and four dimensions for ‘innovation’(product, service, business model, and process) are elaborated in a framework. Based on this, an integrated definition is derivedusing a content analysis.The DIS-definition can be used for strategic decision-making processes and bridges the disciplines of technology, innovation, and sustainability management. Finally, a canvas that clarifies the concepts and their connections is proposed for interdisciplinary management discussions
Nachhaltige Unternehmenssteuerung
No full textErste Schritte zur Implementierung eines Nachhaltigkeitsmanagements im Unternehmen
Dieser kompakte Band geht auf zentrale Prinzipien und Konzepte ein, die Unternehmen helfen, ein Nachhaltigkeitsmanagement aufzubauen und weiterzuentwickeln. Darüber hinaus bietet er einen Überblick über die verschiedenen Ansätze und Instrumente des Nachhaltigkeitsmanagements, damit Unternehmen ihre Aktivitäten analysieren, bewerten und verbessern können, um ökologische und soziale Auswirkungen zu reduzieren und langfristige Wertschöpfung zu ermöglichen.
Diese grundlegende Einführung richtet sich an die Führungskräfte in den Unternehmen, die sich mit Fragen des Umwelt- und Nachhaltigkeitsmanagements beschäftigen. Zunächst werden die relevanten normativen und regulativen Anforderungen an das unternehmerische Nachhaltigkeitsmanagement vorgestellt, bevor konkret erste Schritte zur Implementierung eines Nachhaltigkeitsmanagements entwickelt werden. Die beiden letzten Kapitel stellen ein geeignetes Steuerungssystem sowie die Grundlagen der Nachhaltigkeitskommunikation eines Unternehmens vor
The Impact of Non-Driving Related Tasks on Take-over Performance in Conditionally Automated Driving – A Review of the Empirical Evidence
No full textConditional automated driving (CAD) systems (SAE level 3) will soon be introduced to the public market. This automation level is designed to take care of all aspects of the dynamic driving task in specific application areas and does not require the driver to continuously monitor the system performance. However, in contrast to higher levels of automation the "fallback-ready" user always has to be able to regain control if requested by the system. As CAD allows the driver to engage in non-driving-related tasks (NDRTs) past human factors research has looked at their effects on takeover time and quality especially in short-term takeover situations. In order to understand how takeover performance is impacted by different NDRTs, this paper summarizes and compares available results according to the NDRT's impact on the sensoric, motoric and cognitive transition. In addition, aspects of arousal and motivation are considered. Due to the heterogeneity of the empirical work and the available data practically relevant effects can only be attested for NDRTs that cause severe discrepancies between the current driver state and the requirements of the takeover task, such as sensoric and motoric unavailability. The paper concludes by discussing methodological issues and recommending the development of standardized methods for the future
How do gravity alterations affect animal and human systems at a cellular/tissue level?
No full textThe present white paper concerns the indications and recommendations of the SciSpacE Science Community to make progress in filling the gaps of knowledge that prevent us from answering the question: “How Do Gravity Alterations Affect Animal and Human Systems at a Cellular/Tissue Level?” This is one of the five major scientific issues of the ESA roadmap “Biology in Space and Analogue Environments”. Despite the many studies conducted so far on spaceflight adaptation mechanisms and related pathophysiological alterations observed in astronauts, we are not yet able to elaborate a synthetic integrated model of the many changes occurring at different system and functional levels. Consequently, it is difficult to develop credible models for predicting long-term consequences of human adaptation to the space environment, as well as to implement medical support plans for long-term missions and a strategy for preventing the possible health risks due to prolonged exposure to spaceflight beyond the low Earth orbit (LEO). The research activities suggested by the scientific community have the aim to overcome these problems by striving to connect biological and physiological aspects in a more holistic view of space adaptation effects
Development of an Authoring Tool for the Creation of Individual 3D Game-Based Learning Environments
No full textGame-based learning in general and serious games in particular have a promising potential in higher education. In this article we going to show the capability of serious games with regard to current challenges in higher education. The focus of this article is the presentation of the AdLer authoring tool, which offers lecturers the possibility to design and generate virtual 3D learning environments
in which students can interact with learning content according to the principles of game-based learning
Holographic tuning of physical axicons
No full textAxicon generated Bessel beams are a popular tool for high aspect ratio precision laser drilling. Spot diameter and working distance are given by the geometric parameters of the axicon and the wavelength used. Thus, it is difficult to manipulate the beam shape of a Bessel beam for a given setup. Spatial light modulators (SLMs) overcome limitations in flexibility. However, due to the limited phase shift of SLMs, only Bessel beams with flat cone angles and large focal length can be generated. In this contribution, an approach for generating Bessel beams with a shorter, but tunable focal length is presented. A physical axicon was combined with an SLM. A holographic image of a negative axicon is put on the SLM to generate a ring beam, which is focused by a subsequent physical axicon to get a small focal diameter. Thus, different sized high aspect ratio micro holes can be drilled without using any moving components
15 Jahre Wissenstransfer am Information Management Institut (IMI)
No full textIm Sommer des Jahres 2022 hatte der Bayerische Landtag das neue Hochschulinnovationsgesetz (BayHIG) verabschiedet. Darin ist erstmals der Wissenstransfer als die dritte, neue Säule der Hochschulaufgaben enthalten.
Tatsächlich hat sich das IMI bereits seit 15 Jahren dem Wissenstransfer Hochschule - Wirtschaft verschrieben und zahlreiche Projekte mit unterschiedlichem Fokus erfolgreich durchgeführt. In der vorliegenden Publikation werden die bearbeiteten Themen im Wissenstransfer, die zahlreichen verschiedenen Veranstaltungsformate sowie die Drittmittelprojekte beleuchtet