Publication Server of Kempten University
Not a member yet
2351 research outputs found
Sort by
Implizites Wissen explizit machen: Umgang mit gesellschaftlich geprägten Vorstellungen und Stereotypen in der partizipativen Technikentwicklung
No full textGlobal, regional and national burden of dietary iron deficiency from 1990 to 2021: a Global Burden of Disease study
No full textAlthough iron deficiency is well documented, less is known about dietary involvement in symptomatic iron deficiency manifesting in medical conditions. In this study, we quantified the global burden of dietary iron deficiency, focusing on where inadequate dietary iron intake leads to clinical manifestations such as anemia. We analyzed data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 to estimate dietary iron deficiency prevalence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), stratified by age, sex, geography and socio-demographic index (SDI) across 204 countries. In 2021, global age-standardized prevalence and DALY rates were 16,434.4 (95% uncertainty interval (UI), 16,186.2–16,689.0) and 423.7 (285.3–610.8) per 100,000 population, with rates decreasing by 9.8% (8.1–11.3) and 18.2% (15.4–21.1) from 1990 to 2021. A higher burden was observed in female individual (age-standardized prevalence, 21,334.8 (95% UI, 20,984.8–21,697.4); DALYs, 598.0 (402.6–854.4)) than in male individual ((age-standardized prevalence, 11,684.7 (11,374.6–12,008.8); DALYs, 253.0 (167.3–371.0)). High-SDI countries presented greater improvement, with a 25.7% reduction compared to 11.5% in low-SDI countries. Despite global improvements, dietary iron deficiency remains a major health concern with a global prevalence of 16.7%, particularly affecting female individuals, children and residents in low-SDI countries. Urgent interventions through supplementation, food security measures and fortification initiatives are essential
Trends in the global, regional, and national burden of oral conditions from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
No full textBackground
The WHO Global Oral Health Action Plan has set an overarching global target of achieving a 10% reduction in the prevalence of oral conditions by 2030. Robust and up-to-date information on the global burden of oral conditions is paramount to monitor progress towards this target. The aim of this systematic data analysis was to produce global, WHO region, and country-level estimates of the prevalence of, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributed to, untreated caries, severe periodontitis, edentulism, other oral disorders, lip and oral cavity cancer, and orofacial clefts from 1990 to 2021.
Methods
This report is based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021. Input data were extracted from epidemiological surveys, population-based registries, and vital statistics. Data were modelled with DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, to ensure consistency between prevalence, incidence, remission, and mortality estimates for oral conditions. DALYs were estimated as the aggregation of the years of life lost (YLLs) due to premature mortality and years lived with disability (YLDs). YLDs were calculated by multiplying prevalence estimates, the severity of the oral condition's sequelae (disability weight) and duration of the sequelae. Although all oral conditions lead to YLDs, only lip and oral cavity cancer and orofacial clefts lead to YLLs as well. 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric with the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw values of the posterior distribution.
Findings
The combined global age-standardised prevalence of the main oral conditions (untreated caries, severe periodontitis, edentulism, and other oral disorders) was 45 900 (95% UI 42 300 to 49 800) per 100 000 population in 2021, with 3·69 billion (3·40 to 4·00) people affected globally. Untreated dental caries of permanent teeth and severe periodontitis were the most common oral conditions, with a global age-standardised prevalence of 27 500 (24 000 to 32 000) per 100 000 population and 12 500 (10 500 to 14 500) per 100 000 population, respectively. Edentulism, severe periodontitis, and lip and oral cavity cancer caused the highest burden as demonstrated by their counts of DALYs and age-standardised DALY rates. Existing trends for 1990–2021 reveal relatively small changes (upward or downward) in prevalence and burden. Increasing counts of prevalent cases and DALYs were noted for all oral conditions but untreated caries of deciduous teeth (no percentage change in prevalence or DALYs) and orofacial clefts (–68·3% [–79·3 to –46·5] decrease in DALYs). There were decreases in both age-standardised prevalence and DALY rate for untreated caries of permanent teeth and edentulism, no change in both for untreated caries of deciduous teeth and severe periodontitis, an increase in the prevalence but no change in the DALY rate for lip and oral cavity cancer, and no change in the prevalence but a decrease in the DALY rate for orofacial clefts. By WHO region, the African and Eastern Mediterranean regions showed the largest increases in prevalent cases and DALYs for most oral conditions, while the European region showed the smallest increases or no change. The European region was the only region with decreasing age-standardised prevalence of untreated caries in both deciduous (–9·88%; –12·6 to –6·71) and permanent teeth (–5·94% (–8·38 to –3·62). The prevalence and DALY rate of severe periodontitis decreased in the African region, while the prevalence and DALY rate of edentulism decreased in the African region, South-East Asia region, and Western Pacific region. Furthermore, DALY rates of lip and oral cavity cancer decreased in the European region and the region of the Americas, while DALY rates of orofacial clefts decreased in all regions.
Interpretation
The minor changes in the burden of oral conditions over the past 30 years demonstrate that past and current efforts to control oral conditions have not been successful and that different approaches are needed. Many countries now face the double challenge of controlling the occurrence of new cases of oral conditions and addressing the huge unmet need for oral health care
Konstruktivismus als Leitidee „guter“ Lehre
No full textWährend der Konstruktivismus als erkenntnistheoretischer Ansatz lange Zeit vor allem in der Bildungsforschung diskutiert wurde, gilt er heute als zentrale Leitidee einer Hochschullehre, die den Lernenden in den Fokus der Aufmerksamkeit rückt. Im Vordergrund steht die Annahme, dass Wissen nicht einfach vermittelt, sondern aktiv konstruiert wird – durch individuelle Erfahrung, soziale Interaktion und reflexive Auseinandersetzung mit Inhalten. Dieser Perspektivwechsel, der Weg geht von einer passiven Position des Lernenden, hat weitreichende Implikationen für die Gestaltung von Lehr-Lern-Prozessen: Lernende werden als aktive Wissensproduzenten betrachtet, während Lehrende eine begleitende, strukturierende und motivierende Rolle einnehmen. Der konstruktivistische Ansatz stellt eine Leitidee für die kontextgebundene und eigenverantwortliche Wissenskonstruktion dar. Voraussetzung für die erfolgreiche Umsetzung ist eine didaktische Gestaltung, die offene Problemstellungen, forschendes Lernen und interaktive Formate gezielt integriert
Ressource Tattoo? Das Potenzial permanenter Hautbilder für unsere Gesellschaft und das Individuum
No full textIn (late) modern society, characterised by individualisation and social acceleration, it is becoming increasingly difficult to develop a stable identity. This book examines how tattoos can be used as a resource for self-realization and the expression of individuality. By linking sociological concepts and psychological theories, the author shows how tattoos can not only support identity formation, but also promote well-being. In practice-oriented chapters, concrete recommendations for action are given for consultants and coaches with tattooed clients in order to use the resource potential of tattoos in coaching processes.In der (spät-)modernen Gesellschaft, geprägt von Individualisierung und sozialer Beschleunigung, wird es zunehmend schwieriger, eine stabile Identität zu entwickeln. Dieses Buch untersucht, wie Tätowierungen als Ressource für die Selbstverwirklichung und den Ausdruck von Individualität genutzt werden können. Durch die Verknüpfung von soziologischen Konzepten und psychologischen Theorien zeigt die Autorin, wie Tattoos nicht nur die Identitätsbildung unterstützen, sondern auch das Wohlbefinden fördern können. In praxisorientierten Kapiteln werden konkrete Handlungsempfehlungen für Berater:innen und Coaches mit tätowierten Klient:innen gegeben, um das Ressourcenpotenzial von Tätowierungen in Coachingprozessen zu nutzen
Experimental investigation of fuel cell system operational parameters for powertrain sizing and energy management in light commercial fuel cell electric transporters
No full textPower demand and dynamic response are primary control objectives for automotive fuel cell systems (FCSs). Their operational impact in fuel cell electric transporters is underexplored, with most studies limited to simulations and optimization-based energy management systems (EMSs) that lack practical interpretability. This study presents experimental analysis on a powertrain test bench with components of a light commercial transporter, employing rule-based EMS to derive design guidelines. The analysis considers FCS operating range, dynamic response, and power distribution. Results show that narrowing the operating range from 65 to 45 kW improves average efficiency by 1.4%. Varying the dynamic response between 5–30 kW/s does not affect efficiency. A 5% efficiency span is observed across load-following, charge-sustaining, and average-power strategies. Sizing guidelines are derived from battery stress analysis. An operating range of 45 kW with ramp rates of 5–10 kW/s (positive) and −30 kW/s (negative) is recommended for EMS design
Erfolgsfaktoren für den KI-Einsatz in Unternehmen – Ergebnisse einer Umfrage
No full textDer Einsatz von ChatGPT, Copilot und ähnlichen GenAI-Tools ist in vielen Unternehmen mittlerweile ein häufig genutztes Instrument zur Effizienzsteigerung und zur Entlastung bei Routinetätigkeiten. Der strategische Einsatz von Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) zur Verbesserung der Wettbewerbsfähigkeit, z.B. durch die Umsetzung neuer Geschäftsmodelle, befindet sich jedoch oftmals noch in einer Startphase. Doch welche Rahmenbedingungen müssen geschaffen werden und welche Aspekte sind beim KI-Einsatz zu beachten? Mit dieser Frage beschäftigte sich eine Studie unter erfahrenen Praktikern im Zeitraum Januar bis März 2025, deren Ergebnisse wir Ihnen hier vorstellen. Neben der Identifikation und Priorisierung von Erfolgsfaktoren wird auch auf die Auswirkung auf die Bedeutung des Controllings eingegangen
Kultur & Länder
No full textIdeenmanagement gründet auf einer Kultur der Orientierung am Menschen. In diesem Kapitel erhalten Ideenmanager Grundlagenwissen zum Umgang mit Ideengebern aus verschiedenen Kulturen und Ländern. Es handelt sich um ein Basiskapitel für interkulturelles und globales Ideenmanagement
Deep Learning-Based Defect Detection in Laser Powder Bed Fusion
No full textAdditive manufacturing enables the creation of complex geometries for various applications, such as dental, medical, prototyping, and aerospace components. Despite its advantages, the printing process can encounter errors due to its complexity and numerous influencing factors, necessitating real-time anomaly detection and classification. This work introduces a non-destructive method for defect detection by monitoring layer-wise image data of the L-PBF process using a YOLOv11 object detection model to ensure component quality. A novel approach combines multiple grayscale images from a single print sequence into a 3-channel image, incorporating information from the build area in the powder bed to enhance defect classification reliability. The determination of various defect classes is also a key aspect of this work, crucial for informing subsequent interventions and decisions. Tested on a dataset generated with a Trumpf TruPrint 1000 machine, this method achieved visually promising results
Entwurf und Evaluation einer künstlichen Intelligenz zur monokularen Tiefenschätzung
No full textThis thesis deals with the development of an artificial intelligence that determines distances on the basis of monocular single images. For this purpose, an environment is implemented, which allows the testing of different components. An externally provided dataset of stereo image
pairs is used as training dataset, which is first processed and extended by augmented variants. With the subsequent indexing of the dataset in a relational database, an infrastructure is developed which provides a high flexibility for the generation of specified partial datasets for developments based on this work. Even without a specified partial dataset, the developed
model achieves evaluation results that are equal to the current state of the art. However, the results also show that it must be carefully considered to what extent such a model is suitable for a concrete application