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Von der “Damsel in Distress” zur aktiven Protagonistin – Wandel und Persistenz geschlechtsspezifischer Erzählmuster in digitalen Spielen
No full textDie Darstellung von Geschlecht in digitalen Spielen scheint sich in den letzten Jahren verändert zu haben. Klassische Erzählmuster und stereotype Rollenbilder werden zunehmend hinterfragt. Dieses Paper geht der Frage nach, wie sich dieser Wandel konkret äußert und welche Bedeutung er für die narrative Struktur moderner Spiele hat. Anhand zentraler Modelle und Motive wie der Damsel in Distress und der Heldenreise werden bekannte Storyelemente auf ihre heutige Relevanz untersucht. Dabei soll analysiert werden, inwiefern sich neue Formen der Geschlechterdarstellung auf Immersion, Rezeption und bestehende Stereotype auswirken. Im Mittelpunkt steht die Frage, ob und wie weibliche Figuren zunehmend als aktive Protagonistinnen etabliert werden und welche neuen Herausforderungen und Spannungsfelder damit einhergehen
Data sets from the guest survey in the research project AIR - AI-based recommender for sustainable tourism [Data set]
No full textAs part of the AIR research project - AI-based recommender for sustainable tourism - guest surveys were conducted in the form of face-to-face interviews in six German use cases: North Sea, Baltic Sea, Sauerland (ski resorts and lakes), Ruhr area, Allgäu Füssen, Allgäu rural area. This form of demand analysis is intended to obtain information about the demographics of the guests, tourist behaviour patterns, reasons for the choice of destination and perception of the destination as well as information behaviour. The surveys were carried out from July to the end of September 2022, for the Sauerland ski resorts in the 2022/23 winter season. 5,975 people were surveyed in total, all of whom are included in this SPSS dataset (sav-format)
Integriertes Klimaschutzkonzept der Hochschule Kempten
No full textUnsere Welt steht vor tiefgreifenden ökologischen Herausforderungen. Die gegenwärtige Art des Wirtschaftens und Lebens hat zu einer besorgniserregenden Erwärmung des Klimas, einem drastischen Rückgang der Biodiversität und zunehmenden Umweltbelastungen geführt. Diese Entwicklungen bedrohen nicht nur die natürlichen Lebensgrundlagen kommender Generationen, sondern verschärfen auch soziale und wirtschaftliche Ungleichheiten weltweit.
Als akademische Institution tragen wir eine besondere Verantwortung, nachhaltige Lösungen zu entwickeln, wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse in die Praxis zu überführen und als Vorbild für eine zukunftsfähige Gesellschaft zu agieren. An der Hochschule Kempten sind wir uns dieser Verantwortung bewusst. Der Klimawandel ist nicht nur ein Problem der Zukunft – er betrifft uns bereits heute und erfordert entschlossenes Handeln auf allen Ebenen. Deshalb setzen wir mit unserem Klimaschutzkonzept ein klares Zeichen für Veränderung.
Dieses Konzept verfolgt das Ziel, Klimaschutz und Nachhaltigkeit systematisch in unsere Strukturen und Abläufe zu integrieren. Wir wollen nicht nur bestehende Initiativen intensivieren, sondern auch neue nachhaltige Strategien entwickeln, um den ökologischen Fußabdruck unserer Hochschule zu minimieren. Dazu gehört die Reduzierung von Emissionen, der effiziente Einsatz von Ressourcen und die Förderung eines Bewusstseinswandels innerhalb unserer Hochschulgemeinschaft.
Doch Klimaschutz ist mehr als eine technologische oder organisatorische Herausforderung – es ist eine gesamtgesellschaftliche Aufgabe, die unser Denken und Handeln grundlegend verändern muss. Wissenschaftlicher Fortschritt und gesellschaftliche Entwicklung dürfen nicht auf Kosten der Umwelt erfolgen. Vielmehr müssen Forschung, Lehre und Praxis Hand in Hand gehen, um langfristig tragfähige Lösungen zu entwickeln.
Dieses Klimaschutzkonzept ist das Ergebnis engagierter Zusammenarbeit vieler Beteiligter, denen wir unseren herzlichen Dank aussprechen möchten. Es lebt vom Mitwirken der Studierenden, Lehrenden und Mitarbeitenden. Gemeinsam können wir die Hochschule Kempten zu einem Vorbild für den Bereich der Nachhaltigkeit machen
Reasons for long-term care need: analyzing combinations of health limitations in Germany
No full textBackground
Health limitations affect long-term care (LTC) needs differently. For instance, people with cognitive limitations require more organizational support, whereas those with functional limitations require more personal care. While the impact of singular health limitations on LTC has been widely studied, little attention has been given to the prevalences of co-occurring health limitations that drive LTC needs.
Objectives
Our exploratory study seeks to address the gap in understanding the prevalence of multiple, intertwining health limitations that contribute to the need for LTC.
Materials and methods
We used data from the German Medical Service (MD). The MD assesses LTC needs and assigns care grades, which serve as the basis for LTC insurance benefits. The available data contains all assessments in 2019 of adults living in Bavaria (the largest state in Germany), focusing on those with first-time LTC needs (N = 101,227). Using latent class analysis, we identified combinations of limitations across six health dimensions (e.g., mobility, cognition).
Results
Among first-time LTC recipients, 5 distinct classes of care needs were identified. Two classes reflect single limitations: mobility limitations, and the need for assistance with medical therapy. Three classes point to various combinations of limitations. While classes differed in size, they also varied significantly by age, gender, and care grade.
Conclusion
The co-occurrence of health limitations is not an exception but a central feature of LTC needs even at the initial stages of dependency, emphasizing the importance of tailored care strategies. These insights can help local authorities and care providers offer targeted LTC services more strategically
Health literacy and guideline-adherent lifestyle in people with chronic kidney disease: exploring factors associated with usage intention of a structured m-health program and pilot data on actual behavior change
No full textBackgroundAlthough medical guidelines for chronic kidney disease (CKD) clearly recommend measures such as blood pressure control, dietary changes, regular physical activity, and consistent medication adherence, individuals frequently encounter challenges in implementing these behavioral modifications. In medical practices, there is a lack of time and resources to comprehensively support CKD patients and low-threshold (digital) interventions aimed at enhancing patient activation are needed. This paper analyzes the acceptance and usage intention (Study 1) and the contribution to health literacy and behavioral change (Study 2) of a m-health program for CKD (“Oska”). The Oska program combines personal counseling via video calls with app-based support and is theoretically grounded in the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA), with a strong emphasis on fostering self-efficacy and promoting implementation in daily routines.MethodStudy 1: An online survey was conducted with N = 401 individuals with CKD and/or hypertension, obesity, type 2 diabetes, or coronary heart disease (age: 50–89 years, M = 64.1, 49% female). Participants were recruited via the provider Appinio and presented with a vignette illustrating the Oska program and answered questionnaires on usage intention, desired support, compatible health benefits, health literacy, and perceived usefulness. Study 2: N = 109 participants with CKD, who already took part in the Oska program for an average of 4.7 months (age: 29–84 years, M = 62.3, 64% female, BMI: M = 29.6), completed established questionnaires on working alliance, kidney-specific health literacy, and behavior change. The analysis was conducted using structural equation models and linear regression analyses.ResultsAcceptance and usage intention in study 1 were high and predominantly explained by compatible health benefits, health literacy, and perceived usefulness, but largely independent of sociodemographic factors and health-related variables. In study 2, higher health literacy was primarily fostered by longer program participation and, most notably, by a positive trust relationship (working alliance) (R²adj = .48) Successful behavior change (across all guideline areas) was primarily attributed to a positively evaluated working alliance and Oska’s contribution to health literacy, rather than sociodemographic factors or the number and type of diagnoses (R²adj = .14).DiscussionDigitally delivered coaching combined with app-based support is not only acceptable but may be particularly effective for CKD patients with low health literacy and multiple comorbidities. Relevant determinants include a trusting coaching relationship and a focus on health literacy as well as self-efficacy in implementing measures in everyday life
Multi-Physics Simulations of a 1.2 Kv Embedded SiC Prepackage
No full textEmbedding represents a game-changing packaging strategy for wide-bandgap semiconductors, slashing parasitic impedances to enable faster, cleaner switching, lower losses, and higher frequencies. Yet questions about reliability, scalability, and heat management persist. Here, we use multiphysics finite-element simulations to explore an embedded half-bridge of two 1.2 kV SiC MOSFETs across a range of commercial insulated substrates - alumina, Si 3 N4, AlN, and IMS with varying layer thicknesses. A Pareto-based thermomechanical optimization pinpoints aluminum nitride as the best configuration, delivering 0.27K/W thermal resistance, 0.2 % plastic strain, and 1.9 % creep strain during sintering. Creep concentrates in the silver sinter layer, matching experimental observations, underscoring the need to address time-dependent deformation in reliability assessments. A major improvement is achieved by redesigning the top copper interconnect from a solid block to a pillar like geometry, which reduces creep strain in the sintered layer by four times. We also identify a critical sintering cool-down rate above which creep vanishes and only plastic strain remains providing a new lever for process control. Finally, we demonstrate scalability by paralleling four optimized prepackages into a power module with just 3 nH of stray inductance, ready for high-frequency, high-efficiency conversion
Pflegefachliche Steuerungszentrale – Community Health Nurse
No full textMit ihren Kompetenzen nehmen Community Health Nurses eine Schlüsselrolle in der Primärversorgung ein. Dabei handeln sie bevölkerungsorientiert und wohnortnah. Sie initiieren Prozesse autonom und präventiv und binden relevante Akteur*innen der Gesundheitsversorgung gezielt ein
The Decoy Effect in Recommender Systems: Leveraging Digital Nudging for Sustainable Tourism
No full textOvertourism presents significant challenges to popular tourist destinations, necessitating innovative approaches for effective visitor management. This study explores the application of digital nudges, specifically the decoy effect, within recommender systems as a strategy to mitigate overtourism. By conducting focus group experiments, we assess the impact of the decoy effect on the spatial and temporal steering of visitors. The findings indicate a stronger preference for spatial steering, where introducing a decoy option effectively redirects tourists to less crowded destinations. Additionally, the research highlights the complexity of visitor decision-making, revealing that personal preferences and prior experiences often influence choices more than digital interventions alone. These results underscore the potential of strategically designed digital tools, such as recommender systems, to promote sustainable tourism by balancing visitor distribution. The study advocates for further exploration of tailored, technologically driven solutions that account for the diverse motivations and preferences of tourists, aiming to alleviate the pressures of overtourism while enhancing the visitor experience
Accelerating Manual Pick-and-Place Operations with AR-Projected CAD Plans and AI-Assisted Object Recognition
No full textThe manual assignment of objects to printed assembly diagrams by human operators is a labor-intensive and time-consuming task in manufacturing. Here, we present a system leveraging cutting-edge technologies to improve the efficiency of manual pick-and-place operations. Our system projects assembly diagrams onto a worktable, using deep learning and computer vision to identify objects based on their CAD representation. AR technology is then used to visualize the objects’ precise positioning in these projected plans, enabling the human operator to interact seamlessly with them
The global, regional, and national burden of cancer, 1990–2023, with forecasts to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023
No full textBackground
Cancer is a leading cause of death globally. Accurate cancer burden information is crucial for policy planning, but many countries do not have up-to-date cancer surveillance data. To inform global cancer-control efforts, we used the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2023 framework to generate and analyse estimates of cancer burden for 47 cancer types or groupings by age, sex, and 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2023, cancer burden attributable to selected risk factors from 1990 to 2023, and forecasted cancer burden up to 2050.
Methods
Cancer estimation in GBD 2023 used data from population-based cancer registration systems, vital registration systems, and verbal autopsies. Cancer mortality was estimated using ensemble models, with incidence informed by mortality estimates and mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs). Prevalence estimates were generated from modelled survival estimates, then multiplied by disability weights to estimate years lived with disability (YLDs). Years of life lost (YLLs) were estimated by multiplying age-specific cancer deaths by the GBD standard life expectancy at the age of death. Disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) were calculated as the sum of YLLs and YLDs. We used the GBD 2023 comparative risk assessment framework to estimate cancer burden attributable to 44 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. To forecast cancer burden from 2024 to 2050, we used the GBD 2023 forecasting framework, which included forecasts of relevant risk factor exposures and used Socio-demographic Index as a covariate for forecasting the proportion of each cancer not affected by these risk factors. Progress towards the UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target 3.4 aim to reduce non-communicable disease mortality by a third between 2015 and 2030 was estimated for cancer.
Findings
In 2023, excluding non-melanoma skin cancers, there were 18·5 million (95% uncertainty interval 16·4 to 20·7) incident cases of cancer and 10·4 million (9·65 to 10·9) deaths, contributing to 271 million (255 to 285) DALYs globally. Of these, 57·9% (56·1 to 59·8) of incident cases and 65·8% (64·3 to 67·6) of cancer deaths occurred in low-income to upper-middle-income countries based on World Bank income group classifications. Cancer was the second leading cause of deaths globally in 2023 after cardiovascular diseases. There were 4·33 million (3·85 to 4·78) risk-attributable cancer deaths globally in 2023, comprising 41·7% (37·8 to 45·4) of all cancer deaths. Risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 72·3% (57·1 to 86·8) from 1990 to 2023, whereas overall global cancer deaths increased by 74·3% (62·2 to 86·2) over the same period. The reference forecasts (the most likely future) estimate that in 2050 there will be 30·5 million (22·9 to 38·9) cases and 18·6 million (15·6 to 21·5) deaths from cancer globally, 60·7% (41·9 to 80·6) and 74·5% (50·1 to 104·2) increases from 2024, respectively. These forecasted increases in deaths are greater in low-income and middle-income countries (90·6% [61·0 to 127·0]) compared with high-income countries (42·8% [28·3 to 58·6]). Most of these increases are likely due to demographic changes, as age-standardised death rates are forecast to change by –5·6% (–12·8 to 4·6) between 2024 and 2050 globally. Between 2015 and 2030, the probability of dying due to cancer between the ages of 30 years and 70 years was forecasted to have a relative decrease of 6·5% (3·2 to 10·3).
Interpretation
Cancer is a major contributor to global disease burden, with increasing numbers of cases and deaths forecasted up to 2050 and a disproportionate growth in burden in countries with scarce resources. The decline in age-standardised mortality rates from cancer is encouraging but insufficient to meet the SDG target set for 2030. Effectively and sustainably addressing cancer burden globally will require comprehensive national and international efforts that consider health systems and context in the development and implementation of cancer-control strategies across the continuum of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment