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Novel Proline Transporter Inhibitor (LQFM215) Presents Antipsychotic Effect in Ketamine Model of Schizophrenia
No full textThe glutamatergic hypothesis of schizophrenia suggests a correlation between NMDA receptor hypofunction and negative psychotic symptoms. It has been observed that the expression of the proline transporter (PROT) in the central nervous system (CNS) is associated with glutamatergic neurotransmission, as l-proline has the capacity to activate and modulate AMPA and NMDA receptors. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether inhibition of proline transporters could enhance glutamatergic neurotransmission and potentially exhibit antipsychotic effects in an experimental schizophrenia model. Using molecular dynamics analysis in silico, we validated an innovative PROT inhibitor, LQFM215. We quantified the cytotoxicity of LQFM215 in the Lund human mesencephalic cell line (LUHMES). Subsequently, we employed the ketamine-induced psychosis model to evaluate the antipsychotic potential of the inhibitor, employing behavioral tests including open-field, three-chamber interaction, and prepulse inhibition (PPI). Our results demonstrate that LQFM215, at pharmacologically active concentrations, exhibited negligible neurotoxicity when astrocytes were co-cultured with neurons. In the ketamine-induced psychosis model, LQFM215 effectively reduced hyperlocomotion and enhanced social interaction in a three-chamber social approach task across all administered doses. Moreover, the compound successfully prevented the ketamine-induced disruption of sensorimotor gating in the PPI test at all tested doses. Overall, these findings suggest that PROT inhibition could serve as a potential therapeutic target for managing symptoms of schizophrenia model
Individual Deep Fake Recognition Skills are Affected by Viewer’s Political Orientation, Agreement with Content and Device Used
No full textAI-generated “deep fakes” is increasingly used by cybercriminals conducting targeted and tailored social engineering attacks, and for influencing public opinion. To raise awareness and efficiently train individuals in recognizing deep fakes, understanding individual differences in the ability to recognize them is central. Previous research suggested a close relationship between political attitudes and top-down perceptual and cognitive processing styles. In this study, we investigate the impact of political attitudes and agreement with the political message content on individual deep fake recognition skills. 163 adults (72 females = 44.2%) judged a series of video clips with politicians’ statements across the political spectrum regarding their authenticity and their agreement with the message content. Half of the presented videos were fabricated via lip-sync technology. In addition to agreement with each statement made, global political attitudes towards social and economic topics were assessed via the Social and Economic Conservatism Scale (SECS). There were robust negative associations between participants’ general and social conservatism and their ability to recognize fabricated videos, especially when where there was agreement with the message content. Deep fakes watched on mobile phones and tablets were considerably less likely to be recognized compared to when watched on stationary computers. This is the first study to investigate and establish the association between political attitudes and interindividual differences in deep fake recognition. The study supports recently published research suggesting relationships between conservatism and perceived credibility of conspiracy theories and fake news in general. Implications for further research are discussed
Gamification as a neuroergonomic approach to improving interpersonal situational awareness in cyber defense
Get PDFIn cyber threat situations, the establishment of a shared situational awareness as a basis for cyber defense decision-making results from adequate communication of a Recognized Cyber Picture (RCP). RCPs consist of actively selected information and have the goal of accurately presenting the severity and potential consequences of the situation. RCPs must be communicated between individuals, but also between organizations, and often from technical to non−/less technical personnel. The communication of RCPs is subject to many challenges that may affect the transfer of critical information between individuals. There are currently no common best practices for training communication for shared situational awareness among cyber defense personnel. The Orient, Locate, Bridge (OLB) model is a pedagogic tool to improve communication between individuals during a cyber threat situation. According to the model, an individual must apply meta-cognitive awareness (O), perspective taking (L), and communication skills (B) to successfully communicate the RCP. Gamification (applying game elements to non-game contexts) has shown promise as an approach to learning. We propose a novel OLB-based Gamification design to improve dyadic communication for shared situational awareness among (technical and non-technical) individuals during a cyber threat situation. The design includes the Gamification elements of narrative, scoring, feedback, and judgment of self. The proposed concept contributes to the educational development of cyber operators from both military and civilian organizations responsible for defending and securing digital infrastructure. This is achieved by combining the elements of a novel communication model with Gamification in a context in urgent need for educational input
Leveraging Transdisciplinary Engineering Through the Coalescence of Digital Twins and XR-Technologies
Get PDFDigital Twins (DTs) as a disruptive technology of digital transformation are emerging as a true game changer in several application fields. Through digital representations of physical entities, vertical and horizontal integration can take place.
This is the basis for comprehensive interoperability and accessibility between human and machine. This paper elaborates an application scenario bringing together DT in a collaborative environment with manifold devices like computers, tablets, or Extended Reality (XR) devices. Therefore, a DT has been developed which can describe and adapt itself according to the user requirements. This is complemented
by a cross-compatible application that visualizes the sensor data in almost real-time and allows the user to interact with or control the DT from any location. In a first proof of concept, a seminar room has been equipped with interior air quality measurement devices which encapsulate several sensors within a 3D printed surrounding. The resulting data was then made available via the corresponding DTs
of the measurement devices to the user on a HoloLens 2, Varjo XR-3, computer, or mobile device. The bidirectional flow of data and information between the physical and digital space enables to influence the physical devices through their DTs. The DT, combined with XR, can be used transdisciplinary in teaching or industrial
environments
Novel Proline Transporter Inhibitor (LQFM215) Presents Antipsychotic Effect in Ketamine Model of Schizophrenia
No full textThe glutamatergic hypothesis of schizophrenia suggests a correlation between NMDA receptor hypofunction and negative
psychotic symptoms. It has been observed that the expression of the proline transporter (PROT) in the central nervous system
(CNS) is associated with glutamatergic neurotransmission, as l-proline has the capacity to activate and modulate AMPA
and NMDA receptors. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether inhibition of proline transporters could enhance glutamatergic
neurotransmission and potentially exhibit antipsychotic effects in an experimental schizophrenia model. Using
molecular dynamics analysis in silico, we validated an innovative PROT inhibitor, LQFM215. We quantified the cytotoxicity
of LQFM215 in the Lund human mesencephalic cell line (LUHMES). Subsequently, we employed the ketamine-induced
psychosis model to evaluate the antipsychotic potential of the inhibitor, employing behavioral tests including open-field,
three-chamber interaction, and prepulse inhibition (PPI). Our results demonstrate that LQFM215, at pharmacologically active
concentrations, exhibited negligible neurotoxicity when astrocytes were co-cultured with neurons. In the ketamine-induced
psychosis model, LQFM215 effectively reduced hyperlocomotion and enhanced social interaction in a three-chamber social
approach task across all administered doses. Moreover, the compound successfully prevented the ketamine-induced disruption
of sensorimotor gating in the PPI test at all tested doses. Overall, these findings suggest that PROT inhibition could serve as
a potential therapeutic target for managing symptoms of schizophrenia model
Indoor Farming @Home: Technologien, Anwendungsbereiche und Kundenerwartung
Get PDFVortrag auf der Jahrestagung 2023 des Fachausschusses Haushaltstechnik in der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hauswirtschaft (dgh e.V.), Gütersloh, 08. – 10. März 2023.
Nachhaltiges Verpacken - Kreislauforientierte Bioökonomie und optimaler Produktschutz sind miteinander vereinbar
No full textNatural Mitochondria Targeting Substances and Their Effect on Cellular Antioxidant System as a Potential Benefit in Mitochondrial Medicine for Prevention and Remediation of Mitochondrial Dysfunctions
Get PDFBased on the knowledge that many diseases are caused by defects in the metabolism of the cells and, in particular, in defects of the mitochondria, mitochondrial medicine starts precisely at this point. This new form of therapy is used in numerous fields of human medicine and has become a central focus within the field of medicine in recent years. With this form of therapy, the disturbed cellular energy metabolism and an out-of-balance antioxidant system of the patient are to be influenced to a greater extent. The most important tool here is mitotropic substances, with the help of which attempts are made to compensate for existing dysfunction. In this article, both mitotropic
substances and accompanying studies showing their efficacy are summarized. It appears that the action of many mitotropic substances is based on two important properties. First, on the property of
acting antioxidantly, both directly as antioxidants and via activation of downstream enzymes and signaling pathways of the antioxidant system, and second, via enhanced transport of electrons and
protons in the mitochondrial respiratory chain