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The legal framework for sustainability reporting: a Gordian knot
No full textThis master’s thesis examines the complexity of the regulatory construction of sustainability reporting in the EU, and how this affects Danish companies’ competitiveness in a global mar-ket. The thesis utilizes a doctrinal legal method to shed light on the implementation of the ESG-agenda in the EU regulation, as a result of international commitments. With a scope of large undertakings in non-sector specific markets, the research focuses on an environmental and gov-ernance aspect in these companies’ business models.The purpose is to examine the regulatory obligations imposed on large Danish undertakings by the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive. Including identification of potential pitfalls, the companies should be aware of and how to address such challenges. The analysis shows that the regulatory framework is a Gordian knot. It is too complex for companies to comprehend and ensure that they manage to fulfill every obligation without it be-ing too costly or affecting their competitiveness. Since the legal obligation to implement measures in regard to sustainable development is im-posed on the union companies, the regulatory construct of sustainability reporting should un-dergo a deregulatory process. This is to be done with the purpose of simplifying the reporting obligations and to support further sustainable development
A deep dive into the legal aspects of stockbrokers' duty to advise: Stockbroker's obligations
No full textDet globale finansmarkedet har endret seg, utviklet seg og forbedret seg nesten de siste 20 årene. Kollapsen av Lehman Brothers og finanskrisen i 2008 førte til at verdens finansmarked gjorde store endringer, juridiske og operasjonelle. Av den grunn ble det funnet nødvendig av EU-kommisjonen å innlemme et nytt lovdirektiv, som søker å møte behovet for en regulering av finansmarkedene, som dukket opp under finanskrisen. Som følge av dette behovet, og behovet for å tilpasse regelverket til den teknologiske utviklingen i finansmarkedene de siste årene, ble MiFID I laget og innarbeidet. Som et resultat av MiFID I ble MiFID II senere utviklet og implementert, med fokus på å forbedre investorenes sikkerhet når finansielle rådgivere tilbyr sine tjenester, og sikre åpenhet og effektivitet.Danmark regulerer loven om investorbeskyttelse gjennom sin egen nasjonale lov, og sørger for å dekke elementene fra MiFID II. Den danske investorbeskyttelsesloven bruker derfor MiFID II som rettslig grunnlag og dekker de elementene som Danmark er forpliktet til å regulere, gjennom sitt eget sett med rettsregler. Dette prosjektet søker å avklare hvilke elementer som må vurderes når det stilles spørsmål ved om den økonomiske rådgivningen har vært mangelfull og/eller mangelfull. Det er flere oppgaver som kreves av både finansinstitusjonen og finansmegleren. Verdipapirmeglerens plikter sikrer at investorer tar valg angående sine investeringer på et velinformert grunnlag. Dette gir meglerne rett til å innhente informasjon om investorenes profil, selve investeringene og gir råd til investoren på et tilstrekkelig nivå.Videre søker dette prosjektet å analysere gråsonene som oppstår ved tolkning av den nasjonale loven om investorbeskyttelse, ved å grave i juridiske veiledninger, beslutninger og tolkninger gjort av juridiske fagfolk. Gjennom dette prosjektet er den overordnede konklusjonen at institusjonene, finansielle rådgivere og meglere må være klar over det juridiske rammeverket, forventninger og krav til hvordan de skal handle, gi råd og delta i økonomiske beslutninger samt konsekvensene av utilstrekkelighet og ineffektivitet.The global financial market has changed, developed and improved for almost the last 20 years. The collapse of Lehman Brothers and the financial crisis in 2008, caused the world financial market to make major changes, legal and operational. For that reason, it was found necessary by the European Commission to incorporate a new legal directive, seeking to meet the need for a regulation of the financial markets, that emerged during the financial crisis. As a result of this need, and the need to adapt the legal regulations to technological developments in the financial markets in recent years, MiFID I was made and incorporated. As a result of MiFID I, MiFID II was later developed and implemented, focusing on the improvement of investor’s security when financial advisors provide their services, ensuring transparency and effectiveness.The nation of Denmark regulates the law of investor’s protection through their own national law, ensuring to cover the elements from MiFID II. The danish law of investor’s protection therefore uses MiFID II as a legal foundation and covers the elements that Denmark is obligated to regulate, through its own set of legal rules. This project seeks to clarify which elements that need to be considered when questioning if the financial advisory service has been inadequate and/or insufficient. There are several duties required by both the financial institution and the financial broker. The duties of a securities broker ensures that investors make choices regarding their investments on a well-informed basis. This entitles the brokers to obtain information about the investors’ profile, the investments itself, and advises the investor at an adequate level.Furthermore, this project seeks to analyse the grey areas that arises when interpreting the national law of investor’s protection, by digging into legal guidances, decisions, and interpretations made by legal professionals. Through this project the overall conclusion is that the institutions, financial advisors and brokers must be aware of the legal framework, expectations and requirements of how to act, advise and take part in financial decision making as well as the consequences of inadequacy and insufficiency. <br/
Young offenders in conflict with the law - sanctions and measures for young people between the ages of 15 and 17
No full text
The Evidential Weight of Dna in Criminal Cases - An Analysis in Light of the Principle of Free Evaluation of Evidence
No full textHospice Hjerterummet
No full textHospice Hjerterummet is a proposal for a sustainable children’s hospice located in Aalborg East, near the new Aalborg University Hospital and adjacent natural landscapes. Addressing the lack of pediatric palliative care facilities in Denmark, the project aims to create a calm, supportive, and homely environment for children with life-limiting illnesses and their families. The project is developed through a combination of Integrated Design Process (IDP) and Evidence-Based Design (EBD), ensuring that each architectural decision is both user-centered and research-informed. It explores how architecture can promote emotional well-being and physical relief, while integrating sustainability through a healthy indoor climate, and close connections to nature. The layout consists of six private family units, central communal areas, and treatment rooms organized around the building’s heart: the Heartroom - a flexible space for play, rest, and togetherness. Nature is incorporated through a sensory garden, a memorial pergola, and accessible outdoor spaces that support emotional healing and reflection. This thesis reimagines the children’s hospice not as an institution, but as a temporary home - a place of comfort, connection, and humanity during life’s most vulnerable moments
Factorial experimentation with Convolutional Neural Networks in the context of Land Use Land Cover classification
No full textThis master's thesis serves as a follow-up to my 9th semester report, Land Use & Land Cover Classification of Aalborg Municipality. The 9th semester report explored the possibilities of generating a Land Use/Land Cover map for Denmark through Machine Learning (ML). The accuracies achieved in said report were lower than desired with an Overall Accuray (Po of 74% and a Cohen’s kappa of 0.63. This was hypothesised to primarily be due to two reasons; The model was developed in Google Earth Engine (GEE), which put an upper limit on the amount of training data that could be employed and limited the access to ML models to non-Neural Network models.This thesis explores whether better results could be achieved using Neural Networks (NN) as opposed to GEEs Random Forest (RF) architecture. This is first explored through a literature study to determine the difference between RF and other decision tree ensemble methods compared to NN, which type of NN is most suited for Computer Vision tasks that require spatial awareness, and which factors are relevant to the accuracy and computational performance. Based on the literature, which was consulted, this master’s thesis is focused on the construction and implementation of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN).As a result of the literature study, a partial factorial experiment was set up and executed with inspiration from Design for Six Sigma’s Design of Experiment methodology. The experiment included seven experimental factors, of which the first two were attempts to mitigate the impact of the relatively large background class, while the remaining factors regarded the CNN model’s architecture, the type of data augmentation applied, the class weights applied in the loss functions, the Learning Rate and the number of epochs that the model is trained on. The implementation of these factors, the justification for the chosen data, and the general structure of the GEE and Python scripts written for the NN factorial experiment are described as well.Upon having optimised the script for each factor, the accuracy measures of the CNN model are compared to the RF model from the previous report. In the comparison, it is found that the CNN model outperformed the RF model relatively by 15% for Po and 24% for kappa.<br/
Measuring Presence in a Virtual Environment of the Aalborg University Multisensory Experience Laboratory | An experimentative prototype of a new Aalborg University VR Hub
No full textThis report will document the process of designing, imple-menting and evaluating a Virtual Reality environment of theMultisensory Experience Laboratory at Aalborg UniversityCopenhagen, through measuring presence and noting im-mersive tendencies in participants. The project also acts as aprototype Hub for future VR experiences at Aalborg University,coined under the AAUverse umbrella.Firstly, the thesis introduces the reasoning behind creating acollective VR hub, based on XR demand increase & with currentAAU app solutions being confusing for students at Aalborg.The thesis then describes and analyses necessary concepts suchas XR, Virtual Reality, Virtual Environments, the concept ofimmersion, and presence. The thesis then covers the designreasoning, methodology and framework for designing the dig-ital twin as well as the initial iterations of the AAUverse Hub UI.The implementation covers scripts, the engine and other factorsnecessary to implement and get the hub and virtual environ-ment running in VR. The thesis then describes the evaluativemethodology used for the initial usability test of the prototypeand the final presence test, as well as the test procedure for bothtests. The findings of the evaluations are then covered, where itwas found that the cumulative system usability score before it-erative changes amounted to 67.5. Indicating a system okay foruse, but in need of certain improvements. The system was theniterated upon by feedback provided by participants of the initialusability test, with a background in relevant technical studies atAAU engaged in UI and UX design. The prototype was then de-cisively tested for presence, to measure if the digital twin gaveparticipants an amount of presence within the virtual environ-ment. The null hypothesis unfortunately could not be rejected,both due to a small test sample and current results indicatinga too low presence reported by test participants of the primarypresence test.This report will document the process of designing, imple-menting and evaluating a Virtual Reality environment of theMultisensory Experience Laboratory at Aalborg UniversityCopenhagen, through measuring presence and noting im-mersive tendencies in participants. The project also acts as aprototype Hub for future VR experiences at Aalborg University,coined under the AAUverse umbrella.Firstly, the thesis introduces the reasoning behind creating acollective VR hub, based on XR demand increase & with currentAAU app solutions being confusing for students at Aalborg.The thesis then describes and analyses necessary concepts suchas XR, Virtual Reality, Virtual Environments, the concept ofimmersion, and presence. The thesis then covers the designreasoning, methodology and framework for designing the dig-ital twin as well as the initial iterations of the AAUverse Hub UI.The implementation covers scripts, the engine and other factorsnecessary to implement and get the hub and virtual environ-ment running in VR. The thesis then describes the evaluativemethodology used for the initial usability test of the prototypeand the final presence test, as well as the test procedure for bothtests. The findings of the evaluations are then covered, where itwas found that the cumulative system usability score before it-erative changes amounted to 67.5. Indicating a system okay foruse, but in need of certain improvements. The system was theniterated upon by feedback provided by participants of the initialusability test, with a background in relevant technical studies atAAU engaged in UI and UX design. The prototype was then de-cisively tested for presence, to measure if the digital twin gaveparticipants an amount of presence within the virtual environ-ment. The null hypothesis unfortunately could not be rejected,both due to a small test sample and current results indicatinga too low presence reported by test participants of the primarypresence test