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Systematic Review of Volume and Methodological Quality of Randomized Trials in Acute Pancreatitis
No full textBackground This systematic review assessed the volume and methodological quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in relation to management of acute pancreatitis (AP).Materials and Methods The PubMed, MEDLINE, and CENTRAL databases were systematically searched for RCTs published across 3 time periods: <1996 (P1), 1996–2008 (P2), and >2008 (P3). RCT quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB) 2 tool and sample size recalculation, and for spin (interpretation of nonstatistically significant results as relevant, making the study appear to be positive).Results Overall, 263 RCTs with 23,232 patients with AP were included. The average number of RCTs per year increased from 1.4, 6.0, to 10.6 in P1, P2, and P3, respectively. The RoB assessment showed low, some, and high concerns in overall RoB in 21%, 56%, and 24% of all RCTs. Selective reporting bias improved over time. Sample size calculation reporting significantly increased through the 3 time periods (17%, 38%, and 47%; P < 0.001). Spin was identified in 68 RCTs (26% of all RCTs).Conclusion The quantity and quality of published RCTs relating AP management has increased over time, however significant shortcomings of methodological quality persist. Significant improvements in the conduct and reporting of randomized trials in AP are required to improve the evidence base in this field
Microvascular resistance reserve: impact on health status and myocardial perfusion after revascularization in chronic coronary syndrome
No full textBackground and Aims: The microvascular resistance reserve (MRR) is a novel invasive index of the microcirculation, which is independent of epicardial stenoses, and has both diagnostic and prognostic implications. This study investigates whether MRR is associated with health status outcomes by revascularization in patients with moderate coronary stenoses. Methods: Consecutive patients with stable chest pain and moderate (30%-90% diameter) stenoses on invasive coronary angiography (n = 222) underwent invasive physiology assessment. Revascularization was performed according to guideline recommendations. At baseline and follow-up, health status and myocardial perfusion were assessed by the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) and positron emission tomography. The primary endpoint was freedom from angina at follow-up with secondary endpoints including changes in health status by SAQ domains and myocardial perfusion by MRR and revascularization status. Low MRR was defined as ≤3.0. Results: Freedom from angina occurred in 38/173 patients. In multivariate analyses, MRR was associated with freedom from angina at follow-up (odds ratio 0.860, 95% confidence interval 0.740-0.987). By MRR and revascularization groups, patients with normal MRR who did not undergo revascularization, and patients with abnormal MRR who underwent revascularization, had improved health status of angina frequency [mean difference SAQ angina frequency score 8.5 (3.07-13.11) and 13.5 (2.82-23.16), respectively]. For both groups, health status of physical limitation [mean difference in SAQ physical limitation score 9.7 (4.79-11.93) and 8.7 (0.53-13.88), respectively] and general health status [mean difference in SAQ summary score 9.3 (5.18-12.50) and 10.8 (2.51-17.28), respectively] also improved. Only patients with abnormal MRR who underwent revascularization had improved myocardial perfusion. Conclusions: In patients with moderate coronary stenoses, MRR seems to predict the symptomatic and perfusion benefit of revascularization.</p
Enzymatic bioelectrodes based on ferrocene-modified metal-organic layers for electrochemical glucose detection
No full textMetal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are often applied for enzyme immobilization, while they are limited for bioelectrochemical applications due to poor electronic conductivity. Two-dimensional (2D) metal-organic layers (MOLs) with an ultra-thin lamellar structure can effectively shorten the electron transport path and improve the electron transfer rate. In this study, ferrocene as an electron mediator is covalently bound to a 2D-MOL (Fc-NH2-Hf-BTB-MOL) to accelerate electron transfer between the electrode surface and enzyme. Glucose oxidase (GOx) is immobilized on the electrode modified with Fc-NH2-Hf-BTB-MOL with the addition of chitosan and carboxylated carbon nanotubes. Electrochemical tests such as cyclic voltammetry are carried out on the glucose biosensor, which shows linear detection ranges of 5 ~ 400 μM and 3 ~ 9 mM, with a detection limit of 3.9 μM (S/N = 3). Therefore, this strategy of construction of an enzyme electrode based on 2D-MOLs with enhanced electron transfer results in a biosensor with excellent specificity and activity for practical glucose detection
Hybrid capacitive deionization using MgAl-LDHs-coated graphite felt electrodes for phosphate removal
Get PDFCapacitive deionization (CDI) is a promising technology for selective phosphate removal, though its performance is often constrained by electrode materials. This study developed composite electrodes by integrating MgAl-layered double hydroxides (LDHs) onto conductive oxidized graphite felt (OGF) to improve charge storage and ion selectivity. Two types were tested: CLGF prepared with commercial nitrate-intercalated LDHs, and LLGF synthesized with chloride-intercalated LDHs. Phosphate removal performance was evaluated in synthetic mixed ion solutions as well as in real lake sediment dewatering reject water. The novelty of this work lies in both the electrode fabrication method and the integration of MgAl LDHs with oxidized graphite felt. This combination provides dual functionality with enhanced phosphate selectivity and improved charge storage for practical CDI based phosphorus recovery. Kinetic modeling identified chemisorption as the main mechanism, with both LDH-coated electrodes outperforming bare OGF in adsorption and capacitance. LLGF and CLGF showed maximum phosphate removal capacities of ∼60 mg/g, while pristine GF and OGF showed negligible ion adsorption capacity. CDI based steady state adsorption capacities stabilized at ∼10 mg/g over 5 cycles during phosphate removal from 1.0 mM mixed anions solution. Phosphate-to-sulphate selectivity coefficients were highly time dependent, reaching 2.0 (CLGF) and 4.3 (LLGF) under +1.0 V applied voltage. CLGF removed over 80% of phosphate in reject water at both +1.0 V and open circuit (OC), while LLGF achieved moderate phosphate removal of about 57% with better selectivity. Energy consumption for the CDI system ranged from 0.03 – 0.25 kWh/m3, within reported CDI benchmarks. Statistical analysis revealed that removal performance was significantly influenced by electrode-time and electrode-voltage interactions rather than individual factors. Overall, this study demonstrates MgAl-LDHs-OGF electrodes as a feasible electrode for lake water P removal with high selectivity towards phosphate over other competing anions
‘Simplification’ and ‘accessibility’ in diaphasic intralingual translation:A semantic interpretation
No full textAs translational phenomena, ‘simplification’ and ‘enhanced accessibility’ are phenomena that are especially associated with diaphasic, or interregisterial, intralingual translation of the expert-to-lay variety, i.e., adaptation of specialized LSP source texts for a lay target audience (henceforth Diaph-intra). Previous research into simplification and enhancement of accessibility in Diaph-intra has mostly focused on shifts at the levels of lexicogrammar (Hill-Madsen 2015a, 2015b, 2019, 2022, Muñoz-Miquel 2012, Ezpeleta Piorno 2012) and context (Hill-Madsen 2024), whereas the level of semantics has largely been bypassed. To remedy this shortcoming, this chapter offers a semantic interpretation of ‘simplification’ and ‘enhanced accessibility’ as intralingual translation strategies. Three semantic parameters are relevant to lay-oriented Diaph-intra, viz. epistemic-semantic density (concerned with the complexity of epistemic/denotational content in wordings), semantic gravity (concerned with degrees of concreteness/abstractness) and interpersonal engagement (presence/absence of interpersonal meanings). Using source-target pairs from the field of medicine, the article illustrates shifts within all three semantic dimensions
Effektive retsmidler:som en menneskerettighed
No full textDet overordnede formål med antologien er at analysere adgangen til effektive retsmidler i forskellige juridiske kontekster, hvor retsstillingen måtte være uklar eller omdiskuteret. Udover menneskeretten selv berøres således også retsområderne persondataret og digitalisering, forvaltningsret, EU -ret, strafferet, udlændingeret, politiret og sundhedsret. Undersøgelsen af disse retsområder sker med udgangspunkt i EMRK’s artikel 13 men også med inddragelse af andre retskilders og menneskerettighedssystemers tilsvarende bestemmelser (f.eks. EU’s Charter om Grundlæggende Rettigheder artikel 47), hvor dette anses for relevant. Antologien skal dermed bidrage til en forståelse af de institutionelle, proceduremæssige og indholdsmæssige krav til national sikring af effektive retsmidler indenfor forskellige retsområder og med analyse af sammenhængen til de enkelte materielle konventionsrettigheder.Effective remedies in Human Rights law