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Vidensproduktion og videnskabelige tilgange i psykologien
No full textFormålet med bogen er at give et grundigt indblik i de mange forskellige grundlagsforståelser psykologi baserer sig på, og hvorfor det til tider er vanskeligt at forene psykologiens forskellige forskningsbidrag.Sædvanligvis tager bøger om videnskabelighed udgangspunkt i videnskabsteoretiske overvejelser over hvad der kendetegner videnskab, dens metoder og deres indbyrdes organisering. Lærebøger herom baserer sig ofte på en historisk gennemgang af, hvordan forskellige teorier om videnskab har udviklet sig frem til i dag. Sådan tænkes denne bog ikke. Bogen lægger fokus dér, hvor den typiske lærebog ender, nemlig i hvordan videnskabsteori konkret har betydning i psykologisk forskningspraksis. Bogen samler forskellige aktive forskere indenfor psykologi og præsenterer deres videnskabelige forskningstilgang og metoder i selvstændige kapitler med eksplicitering af bagvedliggende antagelser og refleksioner.Forfatterne i bogen er udvalgt med henblik på at repræsentere mange forskellige grene af psykologien i Danmark og dermed også forskellige humanistiske, samfundsmæssige og naturvidenskabelige metoder. Alle bliver stillet alle den samme opgave: Beskriv de videnskabelige refleksioner og implikationer, der har været forbundet med et af dine forskningsprojekter. Resultatet bliver en mangfoldighed af både indsigt i og uafklarethed om de fordele og ulemper, der er forbundet med valg af forskningsspørgsmål, forskningsærinde, videnskabelig grundforståelse, metoder, og hvordan disse valg påvirker den viden, vi udvikler og baserer vores samfund på.Det er tanken, at den færdige bog skal henvende sig til alle, der gerne vil vide noget om psykologiens metoder og videnskabsteori. Den er særligt tiltænkt dem, som er nysgerrige efter at vide, hvordan videnskabsteori har konkrete implikationer for, hvordan vi opnår viden om verden. Samtidigt skal bogen helst også give et unikt indblik i den aktuelle mangfoldighed i dansk psykologisk forskning
Dilemma and Conflict Management in Virtual Reality for Teacher Education Students
No full textThis study investigates dilemma-based scenarios in Virtual Reality(VR) to learn about conflict management in a school context. The users are studentsin the teacher’s education. This study is made in collaboration with the teachers’education at University College Copenhagen as part of a participatory designstudy. The study included two separately evaluated VR scenarios within a total of27 participants. Scenario one is a VR scenario with a conflict between two pupilsending in a physical fight. Scenario two is with the pupil Trine, who is showingsigns of decreased well-being and reveals abusive problems among the parentsat home. The scenarios are developed in the Unity game engine, and the XRInteraction toolkit is used for the VR implementation. Scenario one included 15participants, and scenario two included 12 participants. The evaluation consistedof a questionnaire with items inspired by the user engagement scale, followedby interviews. The findings revealed very positive perceptions towards the VRscenarios, indicating high engagement in the VR scenarios. Realism in the VRscenarios yields very high scores. The study concludes that VR can facilitaterealistic scenarios where students in a safe, controlled environment can practiceand refine teacher skills
Overview of Efficient and Reliable Control Strategies for Three-Level NPC-Based DAB Converters
Full text linkDual-active-bridge (DAB) converter has been widely employed in isolated dc–dc power transmission applications due to its advantages of high power density, inherent soft-switching capability, galvanic isolation, high step-up ratio, and bidirectional power transfer. With the advancement of medium-voltage dc (MVDC) systems, some multilevel dc–dc converters, evolved from two-level DAB converter, have emerged to meet the high-voltage and high-power demands. Among various multilevel variants of DAB converter, the neutral-point-clamping (NPC)-based DAB converters have gained increasing attention in recent years due to simplified control structure, relatively low costs, and widespread commercialization. The overall performance of MVDC systems depends highly on the efficiency and reliability of DAB converters. Therefore, this article presents a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art control strategies aimed at enhancing efficiency and reliability in NPC-based DAB converters. The review covers modulation schemes designed to optimize converter efficiency, categorized by degrees of freedom, solution types, optimization objectives, and algorithms. Furthermore, control strategies to improve converter reliability, including neutral-point voltage balancing, fault diagnosis and tolerance, transient-state dc bias suppression, and power loss balancing, are exhibited in detail. Finally, the challenges remaining in prior efficiency- and reliability-oriented design are discussed, and corresponding potential research directions are identified to further advance the performance of multilevel DAB converters.</p
TAPAAL HyperLTL:A Tool for Checking Hyperproperties of Petri Nets
No full textPetri nets are a modeling formalism capable of describing complex distributed systems and there exists a large number of both academic and industrial tools that enable automatic verification of model properties. Typical questions include reachability analysis and model checking against logics like LTL and CTL. However, these logics fall short when describing properties like non-interference and observational determinism that require simultaneous reasoning about multiple traces of the model and can thus only be expressed as hyperproperties. We introduce, to the best of our knowledge, the first HyperLTL model checker for Petri nets. The tool is fully integrated into the verification framework TAPAAL and we describe the semantics of the hyperlogic, present the tool’s architecture and GUI, and evaluate the performance of the HyperLTL verification engine on a benchmark of problems originating from the computer networking domain.</p
Gendered Labor Markets and Occupational Change in the Nordics
No full textRecent research on changes in the occupational structure in the Nordic region points in different directions. Some studies indicate upgrading of jobs with better quality, advanced skill requirements, and higher wages, while others show tendencies toward polarization in the skill distribution of jobs. The present article finds gendered patterns of upgrading or polarization in the occupational struc-ture in the Nordic countries in the years 2012–2019. The changes in the occupational structure have been more beneficial for women, who increasingly occupy higher-level positions. Especially, the public sector has served as a vehicle for high-level female positions. While previous research has stressed technological change, especially digitalization as the primary driver of change, this article argues that developments in the public sector also need to be considered to fully understand occupational change in the Nordic regio
Global insights into extracellular polymeric substances from activated sludge:Yield, composition, and microbial communities
Full text linkActivated sludge (AS) wastewater treatment generates substantial excess sludge which needs to be discarded and thereby increasing operational costs. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) within AS present a potential resource for recovery, reducing sludge volume and mass while adding value. Achieving this goal requires a better characterization of EPS, as the relationship between its composition and the microbial communities responsible for its production remains insufficiently understood. Here, we analysed extracted EPS from 16 wastewater treatment plants across 13 countries and 5 continents and found that alkaline extractable EPS yields varied widely (2.81-18.5 wt.% VSS). The microbial community composition of abundant species varied across plants and particularly across continents and did not correlate to the EPS yield. Only sludge retention time had a significant correlation with the EPS yield (p < 0.005). Traditional colorimetric assays failed to detect compositional trends of the EPS, but Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis indicated that extracted EPS from biological phosphorus removal systems had higher lipid and polysaccharide content, while chemical phosphorus removal systems had higher relative protein content. Thus, FTIR proved effective for distinguishing extracted EPS composition, demonstrating its potential as a high-throughput characterization tool. These findings highlighted that the wastewater treatment design and operation may shape the functional groups in EPS when using the alkaline method. More investigations are needed to find possible correlations between the composition of extracted EPS and the microbial community structure. Overall, the study presents a baseline for the amount and overall composition of biopolymers that can be extracted from global AS plants for recovery.</p
Female Leaders and the Populist Right in the Nordic Countries
No full textThe article examines female leadership within populist radical right (PRR) parties in the Nordic countries, challenging the traditional view of these parties as Männerparteien dominated by male leaders and electorates. Building on research that highlights the centrality of gender to the radical right, we focus on how women leaders frame themselves and navigate gendered expectations. Drawing on theories of charisma, masculinity, femininity, and gendered globalization, we analyze autobiographies, speeches, and media portrayals of female populist leaders in Denmark, Norway, and Finland. Our study demonstrates how women leaders strategically balance hegemonic masculinity and femininity, portraying themselves simultaneously as autonomous professionals and as guardians of traditional family values. This dual performance allows them to embody both neoliberal ideals of self-reliance and conservative appeals to gender roles, thereby broadening their political legitimacy. By investigating these self-representations, the chapter contributes to understanding how gender and leadership intersect in shaping Nordic populist radical right politic
RAPID Intermodal Transport System: A New Concept for Joint Transportation of Passengers and Freight
No full textThis paper introduces the RAPID intermodal transport system, an innovative solution that integrates passenger and freight transport using advanced Container Transfer System (CTS) technology. In response to European Commission targets for reducing road freight emissions and alleviating congestion, the RAPID system provides a sustainable, door-to-door transport alternative by enabling rapid, crane-free, vertical container transfers between truck trailers and rail wagons. This study addresses two primary research questions: (i) The feasibility of a CTS-based intermodal transport system for seamless door-to-door mobility, and (ii) its impact on transport efficiency, CO₂ emissions reduction, and economic viability in interregional transportation. To evaluate these aspects, we provide theoretical foundations for throughput analysis of such a system and develop and validate an optimization-simulation framework to match fluctuating demand under real-world conditions. A Danish case study indicates that the RAPID system can achieve a 94% reduction in freight CO₂ emissions and an 83% reduction in passenger transport emissions, improving capacity utilization and lowering operational costs. The results demonstrate that the RAPID system is a scalable, low-carbon alternative to conventional transport, capable of addressing modern logistics challenges. Future research will focus on pilot implementations, detailed economic assessments, and integration of emerging technologies to further enhance system performance and scalability.</p
Shorter and More Agile Supply Chains in Industry 5.0: Case Studies Provide Insights Into Manufacturing Management Theory
No full textIndustry 5.0 heralds the transition to a sustainable, human-centric and resilient European industry. The globalisation and disaggregation of enterprises since the late twentieth century have led to supply chains becoming long, cross-border and transport-intensive. This paper examines three specific cases of companies that have facilitated near sourcing and moved parts of their production process down the supply chain in preparation for an Industry 5.0 compliant supply chain. Upon evaluating the hypothesis that Industry 5.0 will enable shorter and more agile manufacturing networks, our results confirm its validity in the three cases examined. Drivers for I5.0 implementation are presented and discussed. Important drivers were economic profit, sustainability and improved work environment. I5.0 can facilitate new competencies and skills for humans working in human–machine systems. Some examples of these are provided. Our findings show that combining near sourcing and shorter supply chain strategies with I5.0 values provides for more sustainable, human-centric and resilient production.</p