Sistema de Publicações da UNILA (Univ. Federal da Integração Latino-Americana)
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Estudando os anfíbios: uma proposta didática
No full textO presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar uma proposta didática para abordar a temática sobre anfíbios em quatro turmas do 2º ano do ensino médio de uma escola pública do Distrito Federal. Essa proposta foi composta por aulas expositivas dialogadas e um jogo didático com a temática de Amphibia – Zoologia. Após a aplicação da ação, foi realizada uma análise qualitativa dos resultados adquiridos. Dessa forma, ficou evidente que a inserção de estratégias diferenciadas podem promover uma melhor associação, motivação e interesse dos alunos pela temática de anfíbios. Além do mais, as atividades contribuíram para que os educandos obtivessem uma nova concepção e uma visão mais sensível em relação aos anfíbios, ao reconstruir os seus conhecimentos prévios e adquirir novos conceitos.
Medios indígenas en Paraguay: estudio de caso de la radio Ava Guaraní “Ypoty FM”
Get PDFEste artículo pretende contribuir al debate sobre la necesidad de contar con políticas que atiendan el acceso de los pueblos indígenas a la comunicación, entendiendo que este derecho no solo fortalece culturalmente a las comunidades nativas, sino también permite canalizar sus necesidades políticas y socioeconómicas. Para ello se presenta la experiencia de la política de comunicación y pueblos indígenas implementada por Paraguay entre los años 2012-2013, a partir de un estudio de caso de la radio indígena Ypoty FM perteneciente a la comunidad Ava Guaraní, asentada en la comunidad de Fortuna, del distrito de Curuguaty del citado país
Cretaceous to Miocene magmatism, sedimentation, and exhumation within the Alaska Range suture zone: A polyphase reactivated terrane boundary
No full text"The Alaska Range suture zone exposes Cretaceous to Quaternary marine and nonmarine sedimentary and volcanic rocks sandwiched between oceanic rocks of the accreted Wrangellia composite terrane to the south and older continental terranes to the north. New U-Pb zircon ages, 40Ar/39Ar, ZHe, and AFT cooling ages, geochemical compositions, and geological field observations from these rocks provide improved constraints on the timing of Cretaceous to Miocene magmatism, sedimentation, and deformation within the collisional suture zone. Our results bear on the unclear displacement history of the seismically active Denali fault, which bisects the suture zone. Newly identified tuffs north of the Denali fault in sedimentary strata of the Cantwell Formation yield ca. 72 to ca. 68 Ma U-Pb zircon ages. Lavas sampled south of the Denali fault yield ca. 69 Ma 40Ar/39Ar ages and geochemical compositions typical of arc assemblages, ranging from basalt-andesite-trachyte, relatively high-K, and high concentrations of incompatible elements attributed to slab contribution (e.g., high Cs, Ba, and Th). The Late Cretaceous lavas and bentonites, together with regionally extensive coeval calc-alkaline plutons, record arc magmatism during contractional deformation and metamorphism within the suture zone. Latest Cretaceous volcanic and sedimentary strata are locally overlain by Eocene Teklanika Formation volcanic rocks with geochemical compositions transitional between arc and intraplate affinity. New detrital-zircon data from the modern Teklanika River indicate peak Teklanika volcanism at ca. 57 Ma, which is also reflected in zircon Pb loss in Cantwell Formation bentonites. Teklanika Formation volcanism may reflect hypothesized slab break-off and a Paleocene–Eocene period of a transform margin configuration. Mafic dike swarms were emplaced along the Denali fault from ca. 38 to ca. 25 Ma based on new 40Ar/39Ar ages. Diking along the Denali fault may have been localized by strike-slip extension following a change in direction of the subducting oceanic plate beneath southern Alaska from N-NE to NW at ca. 46–40 Ma. Diking represents the last recorded episode of significant magmatism in the central and eastern Alaska Range, including along the Denali fault. Two tectonic models may explain emplacement of more primitive and less extensive Eocene–Oligocene magmas: delamination of the Late Cretaceous–Paleocene arc root and/or thickened suture zone lithosphere, or a slab window created during possible Paleocene slab break-off. Fluvial strata exposed just south of the Denali fault in the central Alaska Range record synorogenic sedimentation coeval with diking and inferred strike-slip displacement. Deposition occurred ca. 29 Ma based on palynomorphs and the youngest detrital zircons. U-Pb detrital-zircon geochronology and clast compositional data indicate the fluvial strata were derived from sedimentary and igneous bedrock presently exposed within the Alaska Range, including Cretaceous sources presently exposed on the opposite (north) side of the fault. The provenance data may indicate ∼150 km or more of dextral offset of the ca. 29 Ma strata from inferred sediment sources, but different amounts of slip are feasible.
Together, the dike swarms and fluvial strata are interpreted to record Oligocene strike-slip movement along the Denali fault system, coeval with strike-slip basin development along other segments of the fault. Diking and sedimentation occurred just prior to the onset of rapid and persistent exhumation ca. 25 Ma across the Alaska Range. This phase of reactivation of the suture zone is interpreted to reflect the translation along and convergence of southern Alaska across the Denali fault driven by highly coupled flat-slab subduction of the Yakutat microplate, which continues to accrete to the southern margin of Alaska. Furthermore, a change in Pacific plate direction and velocity at ca. 25 Ma created a more convergent regime along the apex of the Denali fault curve, likely contributing to the shutting off of near-fault extension-facilitated arc magmatism along this section of the fault system and increased exhumation rates."Published articl
Carbon Dioxide Concentrations and Efflux from Permanent, Semi-Permanent, and Temporary Subalpine Ponds
No full textSmall ponds account for a disproportionately high percentage of carbon dioxide emissions relative to their small surface area. It is therefore crucial to understand carbon flow in these ponds to refine the current global carbon budget, especially because climate change is affecting pond hydrology. High elevation ponds in the Elk Mountains of western Colorado are drying more frequently as the timing of snowmelt advances. We compared CO2 concentrations and fluxes among ponds of different hydroperiods over diel sampling periods during the course of the 2017 open-water period. CO2 concentrations were significantly negatively correlated with pond depth and averaged 77.6 ± 24.5 μmol L−1 (mean ± S.E.) across all ponds and sampling events. Ponds were up to twenty times supersaturated in CO2 with respect to the atmosphere. Flux was highly variable within individual ponds but correlated with time of sampling and was highest at night. Flux averaged 19.7 ± 18.8 mg CO2 m−2 h−1 across all ponds and sampling events. We also compared flux values obtained using modeled and empirical methods and found that widely-applied models of gas exchange rates using wind-based gas exchange (K) values yielded estimates of CO2 flux that were significantly higher than those obtained using the floating chamber approach, but estimates of CO2 flux using globally averaged convection-based K values were lower than those obtained using the floating chambers. Lastly, we integrated soil vs. water efflux measurements with long-term patterns in hydrology to predict how total season-long efflux might change under the more rapid drying regimes and longer seasons that are already occurring in these systems. Because soil CO2 efflux averaged 277.0 ± 49.0 mg CO2 m−2 h−1, temporary ponds emitted 674.1 ± 99.4 kg CO2 m−2 over the course of the 2017 season from ice-out to refreezing, which was over twice as much as permanent and semi-permanent ponds. Our results emphasize that contributions of CO2 from small ponds to the global carbon budget estimates will vary with pond hydroperiod and sampling methodology, which have been overlooked given that most previous estimates were collected from limited sampling periods and from pond waters alone. Furthermore, pond CO2 contributions are predicted to increase over time as pond areas transition from efflux from water to efflux from soil.Work was funded by the National Science Foundation (DEB-1557015 to SAW and 1556914 to BWT) and North Carolina State University.Published articl
Fair ways to share benefits from community forests? How commodification is associated with reduced preference for equality and poverty alleviation
No full textThis research is concerned with the trend towards commodification of forestry, in the context of community forest governance for sustainable development in the tropics. In these contexts, commodification takes different forms, including sales of certified timbers and sales of carbon credits. In addition to the general aim to enhance income, these market-based forestry interventions typically aim to align with sustainable development agendas, including (a) safeguarding ecological integrity and (b) promoting poverty alleviation. Our concern here is that the process of forest commodification might lead to a shift in local norms of benefit-sharing, in ways that can hinder these key components of sustainable development goals. We report the results of a survey (N = 519) conducted across sites in Bolivia, China and Tanzania that shows that switching from non-monetary to monetary benefits is associated with changes in preferences for distributional fairness in ways that may be detrimental to the poor. In particular, we show that forest commodification is associated with a lower likelihood of selecting pro-poor or egalitarian approaches to benefit sharing and higher likelihood of selecting to distribute benefits in a way that rewards individual contributions or compensates losses.Published articl
Smooth, striated, or rough: how substrate textures affect the feeding performance of tadpoles with different oral morphologies
No full textFor grazing animals that share spatial and alimentary resources, the relationship between differences in oral morphology and the physical properties of substrates can help explain how and where species forage. The substrates may require different efforts from animals to access and remove food from their surfaces. Variation in oral morphology may produce differences in animals’ feeding efficiency. We tested whether one substrate characteristic, the surface texture (i.e., smooth, striated and rough), influences the growth and food consumption rates of anuran larvae from nine species with different oral morphologies. Tadpoles with few keratinized oral structures and those with more gaps in the marginal papillae row were more efficient grazing on smooth and rough surfaces, respectively. This may indicate possible feeding specializations. Conversely, tadpoles with a high number of labial tooth rows, regardless of the number of gaps in these structures, and those with only a dorsal gap in the marginal papillae row were equally efficient feeding upon all substrate textures. Tadpoles with the generalized labial tooth row formula 2(2)/3(1), had higher growth rates than the other species, suggesting an adaptive significance for this common oral morphology. We demonstrated that species differ in feeding efficiency when grazing on substrates with different textures. This can help elucidate the adaptive significance of variation in tadpole oral morphology. We also provide insights on resource selection and niche partitioning among species, especially for those whose diets do not differ in quantity or quality, as it is common in anuran larval assemblages.This study was supported by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (1562647 to F.S. Annibale), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) (302328/2017-3 to D.C. Rossa-Feres., Universal Grant—420051/2016-3 to F. Nomura.), and the joint CNPq/FAPESP (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo) project (SISBIOTA 563075/2010-4 and 2010/52321-7) on Brazilian anuran larvae biology to D.C. Rossa-Feres and F. Nomura.Published articl
EXPORTAÇÕES PARANAENSES DO COMPLEXO SOJA: UMA ANÁLISE A PARTIR DO MODELO GRAVITACIONAL
Get PDFEm 2014 o valor total exportado do complexo soja (grãos, farelo e óleo) foi de US$ 23,273 bilhões para o Brasil, destes 7 bilhões foram oriundos das exportações paranaenses, representando 17,46% e posicionando o estado como o segundo maior exportador. Com o objetivo de analisar os determinantes destas exportações, foi realizada a verificação empírica de sua evolução e estimado um modelo gravitacional. O modelo econométrico comprovou que as variáveis “PIB dos países importadores”, “população do Paraná” e “dummy China” foram as principais responsáveis pelas exportações paranaenses do complexo soja, explicando 41,58% de suas variações entre 2002 e 2014. Além disso, constatou-se piora nos termos de troca nas exportações deste complexo para o Paraná, pois ocorreu grande ampliação das exportações de soja em grãos, em detrimento das exportações de farelo e óleo de soja
Formação em histórias e culturas indígenas
Get PDFEste artigo se inclina à reflexão da trajetória de lutas dos movimentos indígenas que levou a conquista da Lei nº 11.645/08 em seus desdobramentos político-educacionais. Consecução responsável por modificar as diretrizes e bases da educação nacional para incluir no currículo oficial da rede de ensino a obrigatoriedade da temática História e Cultura Afro-Brasileira e Indígena, durante a gestão do Presidente Luís Inácio Lula da Silva. A política pública afirmativa incide na larga procura por informações e materiais acerca da extensão histórica e cultural dos povos indígenas, entre educadores populares, professores e pedagogos, devido à grande defasagem de reconhecimento intercultural propagada pela colonialidade do saber. Desta forma, o Curso de Extensão em Histórias e Culturas Indígenas, elaborado em parceria entre a Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (Unila) e o Conselho Indigenista Missionário (Cimi), se concebe diante da iminente necessidade de composição de espaços de debates que evidenciem os extensos e violentos processos de apagamento e homogeneização da pluralidade sociocultural indígena, possibilitando que multiplicadores sociais construam narrativas de revalorização e deslocamento de noções equivocadas nos âmbitos coletivos e educacionais atuando através da descoberta e apropriação de metodologias descolonizadoras
Território extinto: Análise dos discursos e práticas Guarani sobre as terras tragadas por Itaipu Binacional
Get PDFNo dia 13 de outubro de 1982 as comportas da hidrelétrica de Itaipu Binacional foram fechadas. Esse ato não acabou apenas com o maior salto por volume d’água no mundo, conhecido como Sete Quedas, mas também com o território Guarani nas margens do Rio Paraná ou o Paraná Rembeipe, cujas terras eram as que restavam aos Guarani após o processo violento de colonização e, segundo Bonomo, esse seria o território de origem dessa população. Concomitante a construção e instalação da referida obra identificamos dois momentos distintos: o sarambi ou esparramo, durante a construção do lago; posteriormente iniciam processo de reagrupamento e reorganização das relações sociopolíticas. Nesse artigo analisaremos o percurso de resistência Guarani para recuperar o território extinto há 35 anos. A partir da análise do discurso oral e da documentação histórica pretendemos compreender o processo discursivo em torno de um território inexistente, pelo qual emerge a necessidade de acionar a memória para promover ações em torno da conquista de outros espaços