Repositorio Académico de la Universidad Católica del Maule
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The parasitic fauna of the Chiloe wigeon Mareca sibilatrix (Anseriformes: Anatidae) from Ñuble region, Chile
No full textThe Chiloe wigeon, Mareca sibilatrix (Anseriformes: Anatidae), is a native duck distributed mainly in Chile and Argentina. Although it is a common species in the Neotropical realm, studies on its parasitic fauna remain limited. This study aimed to gather additional data on host-parasite associations in M. sibilatrix. Thus, 18 birds from Ñuble region, central Chile, were subjected to parasitic examination. Ectoparasites and endoparasites obtained were stored in 70 % and 80 % ethanol, respectively. A total of 787 parasite individuals were isolated; all birds were parasitized by at least one parasite. In 14 (77.7 %) birds, a total of 179 ectoparasites belonging to six taxa were identified. Meanwhile, all dissected birds (100 %) harbored a total of 608 endoparasites belonging to 15 taxa. Ectoparasites corresponded to four taxa of chewing lice (four genera) and two feather mites (two genera). Meanwhile, endoparasites were represented by four tapeworms (four genera), five trematodes (four genera), five nematodes (five genera), and one nasal mite. Of recorded parasite species, two taxa represent new records to the Neotropical realm, 11 taxa (three ectoparasites and eight endoparasites) are new records for the parasitic fauna of Chile, and 15 taxa (three ectoparasites and twelve endoparasites) are recorded for the first time in M. sibilatrix. Additionally, the fluke Echinostoma echinatum is of zoonotic concern. This research contributes with valuable data to the understanding of parasitic diversity in waterfowl and emphasizes the role of M. sibilatrix as a host in various parasitic interactions within its distribution range
Agribusiness and new hydro-social pacts in Latin America: agroexport expansion in the Ñuble region, Chile
No full textLa escasez social del agua presente en Chile ha generado un desplazamiento del agronegocio hacia la región de Ñuble por la disponibilidad de agua existente. Sin embargo, dicha región no está exenta de problemas hídricos, lo que desencadena la promoción de megaproyectos hidráulicos, con el propósito de asegurar agua para el riego de la agroexportación. Lo anterior ha generado diversos conflictos con las comunidades afectadas por estos proyectos.
Ante tal escenario, en este artículo se analizan las transformaciones de las relaciones hidrosociales producidas por el avance de la agroexportación en la región de Ñuble. Para ello se utilizó una metodología mixta, que integra el análisis de información (de fuente primaria y secundaria) cuantitativa y cualitativa, y de variables geográficas e históricas.
Como principales resultados se obtuvo que en la región de Ñuble se está configurando una transformación de las relaciones hidrosociales, que se despliega en cuatro estrategias: 1) la fabricación discursiva de un nuevo “pacto hidrosocial”; 2) el reimpulso de construcción de embalses; 3) concentración de beneficios de riego, y por último, 4) concentración de derechos de aprovechamiento de agua en las cuencas de la región. Estas planificaciones, que alimentan el avance de la agroexportación, entran en disputa con las movilizaciones de resistencia multiescalar que se oponen a la intervención de los ríos y, por ende, a la construcción de embalses. A partir de nuevas valorizaciones sobre el agua y el territorio, dichos procesos de resistencias han obstaculizado y frenado los megaproyectos hidráulicos en la región
Life expectancy gain of implementing the Nordic Nutrition recommendations 2023: modeling from 8 nordic and baltic countries
No full textBackground
Dietary guidelines play a key role in promoting health and preventing chronic diseases. The Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR) 2023 provide updated recommendations for healthy eating relevant for the Nordic and Baltic countries, but the potential benefits have yet to be quantified.
Objectives
This study aimed to project the population health benefits, specifically, potential gains in life expectancy in Nordic and Baltic countries resulting from long-term dietary changes from current dietary patterns within each country to NNR2023.
Methods
For this population-based mathematical model, using the Food4HealthyLife 2.0 calculator, data were obtained from meta-analyses on associations between each food group and mortality, and background mortality data were derived from the Global Burden of Disease study. Standard life-table methods were used, accounting for the correlation between 14 food groups and the anticipated time delay between dietary changes and health effects.
Results
For 40-y-old females and males, projected life expectancy gains were from 1.8 and 2.1 y in Finland to 3.4 and 4.1 y, respectively, in Lithuania, changing to feasible NNR2023. Correspondingly, when changing to full-potential NNR2023, gains ranged from 4.4 and 5.0 y in Finland to 6.1 and 7.3 y, respectively, in Lithuania. The largest gains in life expectancy were linked to consuming more legumes (18%), nuts (17%), whole grains (12%), and less processed meat (14%) and added sugars (13%).
Conclusions
Adopting dietary patterns in line with the NNR2023 is associated with considerable gains in life expectancy in the Nordic and Baltic countries. The study contributes to the evidence base to support policy measures to achieve NNR2023
Gender mandates in students of Physical Education Pedagogy of Chile
No full textIntroducción: los mandatos de género son modelos normativos y estereotipos de la sexualidad y la relación con los/as demás.
Objetivos: a) conocer las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Mandatos de Género en una muestra de estudiantes de Pedagogía en Educación Física de Chile; b) conocer las diferencias en los mandatos de género según variables sociodemográficas de la muestra. Metodología: se aplicó la Escala de Mandatos de Género a 470 estudiantes de Educación Física de cuatro universidades de Santiago de Chile.
Resultados: la escala es válida y confiable para esta población, manteniendo las cuatro dimensiones originales: potencia, virilidad, orientación rescatadora y procreación. También se observan puntajes medios en dichas dimensiones, siendo las mujeres, estudiantes de primer año y agnósticos/as o ateos/as los/as que obtienen puntajes más bajos.
Conclusión: en relación con la potencia, virilidad, orientación rescatadora y procreación, la muestra presenta diferencias según variables sociodemográficas. Son necesarias más investigaciones en muestras de mayor tamaño y en poblaciones de estudiantes de pedagogía en educación física de otras regiones de Chile
Discordance between cystatin C-based and creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate and health outcomes in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textBackground
The intra-individual difference in cystatin C–based and creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRcys and eGFRcr, respectively), i.e. eGFR discordance, has recently been demonstrated to have prognostic implications. eGFR discordance was associated with mortality, cardiovascular and renal outcomes. We present a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the existing literature.
Methods
We searched PubMed, Embase and MEDLINE up to 28 April 2024 for cohort and cross-sectional studies in English reporting the association of eGFR discordance with mortality, cardiovascular and renal outcomes. The quality of studies was evaluated by Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies—of Exposure (ROBINS-E) form. Data from studies were extracted to a pre-defined table and pooled using a random-effects model. Stratified and sensitivity analyses were performed.
Results
A total of 1489 studies were initially identified, of which 18 studies with longitudinal or cross-sectional designs were included, with a sample size between 373 and 363 494 people. In general, the risk of bias was graded as “low“ or “some concerns”. eGFR was mainly calculated using Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equations, while a few studies applied other equations. An eGFR discordance featuring lower eGFRcys, e.g. eGFRcys ≤60% of eGFRcr, or eGFRcys-eGFRcr ≤–15 mL/min/1.73 m2, was consistently associated with higher mortality and elevated risk of cardiovascular and renal outcomes. People with lower eGFRcys have a 58% greater risk of mortality [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.42, 1.76] and 32% greater risk of cardiovascular events (HR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.25, 1.39). People with higher eGFRcys have a 39% lower risk of mortality (HR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.52, 0.70) and 29% lower risk of cardiovascular events (HR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.62, 0.81). No meta-analysis for renal outcomes was conducted due to data availability.
Conclusions
The eGFR discordance serves as a meaningful indicator of adverse health outcomes. The lack of a consensus on the cut-off value of eGFR discordance and the mixture use of eGFR equations warrants attention
Relationship between executive function subdomains and postural balance in community-dwelling older adults
No full textBackground: Executive function (EF) deficits are a significant risk factor for falls among older adults (OAs). However, relationship between EF subdomains (shifting, updating, and inhibition), postural balance (PB), and fall risk in healthy OAs, remains poorly understood. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between EF subdomains (shifting, updating, and inhibition) and PB, and to assess their impact on risk of falls in community-dwelling OAs. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 50 OAs aged over 60 years (average age of 72 years) was conducted. Participants underwent assessments of EF subdomains and PB using validated tests. A correlation analysis was employed to examine the relationships between EF and PB. Results: The study revealed significant correlations between subdomains and PB. Mental set shifting (r = −.539; p < .001) and inhibition (r = −.395; p = .050) exhibited inverse relationships with PB. Stepwise multiple linear regression showed that Trail Making Test Part B was associated with the PB (R2 = .42, p < .001). Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of assessing EF subdomains, particularly shifting and inhibition, to identify risk of falls. Trail Making Test Part B largely explains the variability of the PB. Integrating PB assessments and EF training, such as the Mini-BESTest, into routine care can be vital for fall prevention strategies. Significance/Implications: This knowledge underscores the need for cognitive training interventions focusing on shifting and inhibition to enhance PB and potentially reduce falls. Additionally, incorporation of EF assessment tools as Trail Making Test Part B and the Mini-BESTest into routine clinical practice for community-dwelling OAs is recommended to address fall prevention strategies
University social responsibility and sustainable development goals: challenges and opportunities from the perspective of students from a catholic university
No full textThe objective of this research is to describe university students' perceptions on university social responsibility (USR) strategies with a focus on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) enrolled in a religious university in Chile. This research considers a non-probabilistic sample composed of 316 students from various academic programs enrolled in a university that claims to include religious principles in its decisions. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was applied, coefficients of internal consistency were measured, and statistical differences
were examined. The results show statistical variations by sex and age. It is concluded that young people value the strategies implemented by universities on USR and SDGs, especially those that encourage participation with a social orientation. Finally, it is necessary to develop research that delves into the core values promoted by Catholic universities for a better understanding of the phenomenon under study
University social responsibility and job satisfaction. the case of university administrators at a public university in Chile
No full textEl propósito de este estudio es analizar la relación entre responsabilidad social universitaria (RSU) y satisfacción laboral en directivos de una universidad estatal de Chile. La metodología es de carácter descriptivo-correlacional y se aplican dos cuestionarios: 1) responsabilidad social universitaria y 2) satisfacción laboral. La muestra no probabilística consiste de directivos de una universidad estatal ubicada en la zona centro sur de Chile. Los resultados muestran que existe una correlación positiva y significativa entre las variables que constituyen la RSU y satisfacción laboral. Esto muestra que es importante diseñar estrategias que propicien la formación en diversos tópicos sobre RSU y sobre las implicancias prácticas de la satisfacción laboral. Futuras investigaciones deben considerar la consulta a los diversos actores que colaboran en las comunidades educativas. En conclusión, es necesario que la formación basada en valores y principios socialmente responsables instalen una cultura del bienestar que se encuentre articulada con las funciones sustantivas y los propósitos organizacionales
Transformative mixed methods evaluation of a recovery-based intervention for adult suicide reattempters in Chile: study protocol
No full textSuicide is a serious social and public health problem worldwide. Chile has experienced a dangerously high suicide rate for some time and, despite intervention efforts, there is a gap, especially in cases of recidivism. Nationally, interventions are individual, clinical and risk-based, but their impact is unproven. We need to broaden our focus and focus on recovery from suicide attempts. This article describes the proposed methodological protocol to evaluate the impact of a brief clinical group intervention based on the Person-Centered Recovery Model, aimed at adults who have repeatedly attempted suicide and who attend an outpatient unit belonging to a public hospital in the Maule region of Chile. Based on a transformative paradigm, a philosophical framework that positions researchers as agents of change, promoters of social justice and human rights, the proposed design corresponds to a mixed concurrent “QUANT + QUAL” research, which integrates two lines of data collection. A quantitative strand consists of a single-blind randomized clinical trial with two parallel branches and a qualitative strand with a descriptive phenomenological design. The proposed impact evaluation focuses on recovery and the socio-structural context and addresses the complexity and procedural nature of recovery for people with a history of suicide attempts
A Cross-cultural exploration of problematic Internet use, pathological personality traits, defense mechanisms, coping strategies, and self-esteem in 14 countries
No full textObjectives
The primary objective of this study was to compare the estimates of Problematic Internet Use (PIU) from 14 countries around the world, considering gender. The second objective was to explore the relationships between PIU and personality-related variables (pathological personality traits, defense mechanisms, coping strategies, and self-esteem).
Materials and methods
Our total sample consisted of 7726 participants (30.8% male, n = 2378), aged between 18 and 86 years old (M = 25.55; SD = 9.8). Recruited online, they completed several scales about their Internet use, defense mechanisms and coping strategies, self-esteem, and pathological personality traits.
Results
The PIU accounted for between 20.5% and 75% of participants using the PIUQ-9, while “self-perception” of PIU with a single item revealed estimates from 2% to 60.1%, with gender differences. Systematically, PIU significantly correlated with two variables: borderline personality traits (from .09 at P < .05 to .42 at P < .01) and immature defense mechanisms (from .13 to .42 at P < .01). Dependent, avoidant, narcissistic, histrionic, and antisocial personality traits were positive predictors of PIU and self-esteem, paranoid and schizoid personalities were negative predictors