Repositorio Académico de la Universidad Católica del Maule
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Personal and social influence on the practice of physical activity in middle school students in the Maule region: the role of gender and age
No full textAim: To analyze the association of social and personal influence on the practice of physical activity according to gender and age in high school students of the commune of Talca-Chile. Methods: Cross-sectional quantitative study, 744 schoolchildren (X=15.11 years; 459 males (28.81%) and 285 females (15.22%)). The IPAQ and the questionnaire of influences on Physical Activity and Health were applied. Results: Men are more influenced by parents in the motivations and social support to talk and do physical activity (61.4%) and in women, the influence is greater from school. Personal interest is the most relevant influence at the level of motivation; however, it is also recognized as one of the negative influences on physical activity. The reasons for low regular physical activity are lack of free time, personal interest and lack of motivation. Conclusion: Gender is associated with personal and social influence to practice physical activity, and age is inversely associated with social influence to talk, number of times of physical activity with friends and reasons for not doing physical activity
Households' preferences for door-to-door recycling service: a choice experiment in southern Chile
No full textProviding drop-off containers for recycling is a widely adopted strategy in developing countries to promote recycling and increase waste recovery rates. However, challenges such as container misuse, improper waste disposal, management difficulties leading to container overflow or collapse, and concerns about neighborhood cleanliness have highlighted the need for alternative approaches to complement existing recycling efforts. One potential solution is the implementation of a door-to-door recycling service. This study designs and implements a discrete choice experiment to elicit urban households' preferences for various attributes of such a system. Specifically, we examine how these attributes influence household participation in recycling schemes, particularly after prior exposure to drop-off recycling sites in their neighborhoods. To account for preference heterogeneity, we estimate mixed logit and latent-class models. Our findings suggest that the types of materials accepted for disposal and neighborhood cleanliness are the most influential attributes driving households' willingness to pay for a door-to-door recycling service. Additionally, socio-demographic characteristics, recycling motivations, and participation in recycling practices significantly shape household preferences. These insights offer valuable guidance for designing targeted policies and interventions to enhance waste management in urban areas
Epistemological beliefs in mathematics teacher educators: an exploratory study in Chile
No full textIn Chile, mathematics results are insufficient at the school level. To address this problem, the need to rethink teaching has been raised. Evidence indicates that epistemological beliefs are at the basis of pedagogical decisions, and their study has been developed mainly in primary and secondary school teachers. However, scientific evidence is scarce regarding this belief in teacher educators. To fill this knowledge gap, this study aims to analyze the epistemological beliefs in mathematics teacher educators’ discourse. This research was developed using a qualitative approach. Seven teacher educators participated, and data was collected through a semi-structured interview. In the discourse of the teacher educators, a developed tendency is observed in each dimension of their epistemological beliefs. However, links between this type of belief and some specific context characteristics are noticed. It is suggested that spaces for dialogue and reflection within the academic staff be implemented to analyze their epistemological beliefs and promote their development among future teachers
Oceanic phytoplankton structure off western Patagonia during the austral summer: implications for harmful algal blooms
No full textChanges in phytoplankton composition and abundance are controlled by multiple factors, including physical forcing and nutrient stoichiometry. This study seeks to assess the interplay between the environmental and biogeochemical conditions in shaping the phytoplankton community structure in open ocean waters off western Patagonia. For this purpose, we used biological, hydrographic, and chemical data measured aboard the R/V Mirai during the austral summer of 2017, combined with remote sensing and reanalysis products. Although no first-order predictive relationships were found between the environmental and biological data, the results showed a latitudinal gradient of the phytoplankton structure, favoring maximum abundances of diatoms (∼10x104 cells L-1) in the northern area (∼43-48°S) characterized by high stratification and freshwater content. The high diatom abundances of Thalassiosira spp., Chaetoceros spp., Pseudo-nitzschia cf. australis and Pseudo-nitzschia cf. pseudodelicatissima taxa in this area results in a nutrient content decreases (nitrate < 9 μmol kg−1, phosphate < 0.9 μmol kg−1, silicic acid < 1.5 μmol kg−1), and low N:Si (<8) and N:P (<10) ratios. Nonetheless, the total dinoflagellates abundance was equal to or higher than those of diatoms (∼10.2x104 cells L-1) throughout most of the sampling region. Specifically, maximum abundances (∼6.3x104 cells L-1) of Karenia spp. were found in the north under the freshwater influence from the Gulf of Penas, where the highest ammonium:nitrate ratio (∼4 to 11.5) was recorded. In contrast, high dinoflagellate abundances of Azadinium spp. were found in the south (∼48-55°S), where an increase of nutrient content (nitrate ∼12μmol kg-1, phosphate ∼1 μmol kg-1, ammonium ∼0.4 μmol kg-1), and high N:Si and N:P ratios (∼35 and ∼12) were observed. This study highlights a major presence of potentially toxic phytoplankton species in the oceanic zone off northern Patagonia under conditions of strong latitudinal and cross-shore gradients in nutrient content and salinity, related to the interplay between oceanic water masses and freshwater input
Applicability of body mass index and tri-ponderal index to assess motor competence in schoolchildren
Full text linkEl nivel Competencia Motora (CM) es un factor determinante en la adhesión de niños y jóvenes a una mayor práctica por actividad física. El objetivo fue explorar la aplicabilidad del Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) y el Índice Tri-ponderal (ITP) para evaluar la (CM) en escolares de 7 a 14 años (54 niñas y 49 niños). Se evaluaron variables antropométricas de peso, talla, IMC e ITP. La CM se midió con dos pruebas de la batería Körperkoordinationstest Für Kinder (KTK), Transposición lateral (TL) y Salto Lateral (SL). Se aplicaron pruebas de normalidad, diferencias entre grupos. No hubo diferencias entre ambos sexos (p>0,05), estado nutricional según IMC (p=0,079); por el contrario, en ITP si hubo diferencias significativas (p= 0,010) entre peso normal (10.43±2.67rep) con obesidad y entre sobrepeso con obesidad (p<0.05). En el SL hubo diferencias entre peso normal con obesidad y entre sobrepeso con obesidad (p<0.0). Los resultados del estudio sugieren que el ITP podría ser un mejor indicador del estado nutricional en comparación con el IMC; además, un ITP elevado puede influir negativamente en las habilidades motoras durante la niñez y juventud. Es necesario insistir en promover hábitos saludables para mantener un peso saludable
Characterization of Physical Education in the rural context: a case of the Chilean reality
Full text linkEl objetivo del estudio fue analizar las características y especificidades de la Educación Física (EF) en el contexto rural chileno. La metodología del estudio es de tipo cualitativa, se entrevistó a ocho docentes de cuatro establecimientos educacionales municipales rurales de una provincia del centro-sur de Chile. Cada entrevista tuvo una duración de 30 a 45 minutos aproximadamente y la participación de los docentes fue de manera voluntaria. El tratamiento y análisis de los datos se desarrolló a partir de una lógica inductiva de categorización. Los resultados muestran que los profesores de EF en el contexto rural enfrentan dificultades por la falta de infraestructura y materiales deportivos, lo que deja en evidencia la necesidad de mejorar estos aspectos para garantizar una educación equitativa. Otro de los elementos relevantes a destacar es que la evaluación en EF en entornos rurales va más allá de la medición técnica, integrando el progreso emocional y motivacional de los estudiantes. Se concluye que es necesario incorporar enfoques educativos que combinen el desarrollo académico, personal y social que promuevan un aprendizaje significativo y equitativo
University social responsibility and higher education students. exploring opinions in emerging countries. the case of Ecuador, Chile and el Salvador
No full textLos desafíos que enfrenta la sociedad han motivado el desarrollo de estrategias orientadas a satisfacer las necesidades desde diversas perspectivas y ámbitos de acción. En tal sentido, la responsabilidad social en la educación es un modelo innovador que se basa en consensos, y que alinea las expectativas y necesidades de los actores educativos. En relación con este estudio, el objetivo es analizar la percepción de estudiantes universitarios en países emergentes de América Latina. Se aplica un análisis factorial exploratorio, se determinan estadísticas descriptivas y se exploran diferentes estadísticas de acuerdo con la categoría país. Se encuentran diferencias estadísticas en todas las variables que constituyen el modelo. Por último, es fundamental que las instituciones de educación superior (IES) implementen políticas, estrategias y acciones de responsabilidad social que estén contextualizadas en alineación con las necesidades de cada grupo que forma el ecosistema educativo. También se recomienda ampliar la muestra e incluir a todos los grupos de interés que forman cada una de las universidades
Migrantes y atención de salud, autocrítica a las competencias culturales pendientes. Curicó, Chile, 2024
No full textQuantized SG-MCMC for Bayesian deep posterior compression
No full textIn this paper, we propose a novel quantization technique for Bayesian deep learning aimed at enhancing efficiency without compromising performance. Our approach leverages post-training quantization to significantly reduce the memory footprint of stochastic gradient samplers, particularly Stochastic Gradient Markov Chain Monte Carlo (SG-MCMC) methods. This technique achieves a level of compression comparable to optimal thinning, which traditionally necessitates not only the original samples in single precision floating-point representation but also the gradients, resulting in substantial computational overhead. In contrast, our quantization method requires only the original samples and can accurately recover posterior modes through a simple affine transformation. This process incurs minimal additional memory or computational costs, making it a highly efficient alternative for Bayesian deep learning applications
Home literacy environment. profile analysis by socioeconomic status
No full textEl confinamiento producto de la crisis sanitaria de Covid-19 limitó las oportunidades de interacción social y acceso al aprendizaje formal escolar, lo que afectó de manera particular a los niños de nivel socioeconómico bajo. En este contexto, la familia constituyó el único agente de socialización e interacción directa con la cultura escrita. Por su relevancia en el desarrollo de la literacidad, este estudio tuvo por objetivo identificar perfiles de ambiente alfabetizador del hogar. Junto con lo anterior, se evaluó la relación entre estos perfiles y el nivel socioeconómico de la familia. Se aplicó el cuestionario de ambiente alfabetizador del hogar (AAH) a 326 familias de estudiantes que cursaban kínder en establecimientos educativos urbanos y rurales de nivel socioeconómico alto, medio y bajo. A partir de un análisis de conglomerados, los resultados muestran la existencia de dos grupos de familias caracterizados por altos y bajos niveles de prácticas de literacidad, creencias sobre literacidad y valor por la lectura, respectivamente. Contra lo esperado, los perfiles lectores en esta etapa del desarrollo no muestran una asociación con el nivel socioeconómico de las familias. Finalmente, se discuten las implicancias de estos resultados para la intervención educativa en tiempos de postpandemia