Repositorio Académico de la Universidad Católica del Maule
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Ion occupancy of the selectivity filter controls opening of a cytoplasmic gate in the K2P channel TALK-2
No full textTwo-pore domain K+ (K2P) channel activity was previously thought to be controlled primarily via a selectivity filter (SF) gate. However, recent crystal structures of TASK-1 and TASK-2 revealed a lower gate at the cytoplasmic pore entrance. Here, we report functional evidence of such a lower gate in the K2P channel K2P17.1 (TALK-2, TASK-4). We identified compounds (drugs and lipids) and mutations that opened the lower gate allowing the fast modification of pore cysteine residues. Surprisingly, stimuli that directly target the SF gate (i.e., pHe., Rb+ permeation, membrane depolarization) also opened the cytoplasmic gate. Reciprocally, opening of the lower gate reduced the electric work to open the SF via voltage driven ion binding. Therefore, it appears that the SF is so rigidly locked into the TALK-2 protein structure that changes in ion occupancy can pry open a distant lower gate and, vice versa, opening of the lower gate concurrently promote SF gate opening. This concept might extent to other K+ channels that contain two gates (e.g., voltage-gated K+ channels) for which such a positive gate coupling has been suggested, but so far not directly demonstrated
Breathwork-induced psychedelic experiences modulate neural dynamics
No full textBreathwork is an understudied school of practices involving intentional respiratory modulation to induce an altered state of consciousness (ASC). We simultaneously investigate the phenomenological and neural dynamics of breathwork by combining Temporal Experience Tracing, a quantitative methodology that preserves the temporal dynamics of subjective experience, with low-density portable EEG devices. Fourteen novice participants completed a course of up to 28 breathwork sessions—of 20, 40, or 60 min—in 28 days, yielding a neurophenomenological dataset of 301 breathwork sessions. Using hypothesis-driven and data-driven approaches, we found that “psychedelic-like” subjective experiences were associated with increased neural Lempel-Ziv complexity during breathwork. Exploratory analyses showed that the aperiodic exponent of the power spectral density—but not oscillatory alpha power—yielded similar neurophenomenological associations. Non-linear neural features, like complexity and the aperiodic exponent, neurally map both a multidimensional data-driven composite of positive experiences, and hypothesis-driven aspects of psychedelic-like experience states such as high bliss
Attachment in adulthood: a systematic review of latin American research during the last 10 years
No full textIntroducción/objetivo: las investigaciones sobre el apego adulto se han realizado principalmente en países anglosajones o europeos, y hasta el momento no ha habido una recopilación de las contribuciones provenientes de Latinoamérica. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo hacer una revisión sistemática de la investigación empírica sobre el apego adulto en América Latina en la última década. Método: utilizando la metodología PRISMA, se efectuó una búsqueda en las bases de datos Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO y Scielo entre abril y agosto de 2023. Se incluyeron investigaciones empíricas publicadas en los últimos 10 años en español, inglés y portugués, centradas en el estudio del apego adulto. Entre los criterios de exclusión considerados se encuentran las investigaciones empíricas con muestras de niños y adolescentes, así como estudios que utilicen muestras latinas reclutadas fuera de los países latinoamericanos. El riesgo de sesgo de los estudios incluidos se evaluó mediante la herramienta The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Resultados: tras el proceso de tamizaje y revisión, se revisaron 62 artículos. La mayoría de los estudios han empleado metodologías cuantitativas, principalmente desde la tradición de la psicología social y de la personalidad, más que de la proveniente de la psicología evolutiva. Los tópicos abordados se agrupan en variables de funcionamiento individual y relacional, con resultados consistentes con los identificados en otras regiones. Conclusiones: se discuten las implicancias de estos hallazgos y se proponen líneas de investigación futura. Una limitación del presente estudio es la posible omisión de investigaciones relevantes no publicadas o disponibles en otras bases de datos
The introduction of the spirit in heideggerian philosophy
No full textLa pregunta central del presente artículo se centra en el grado y alcance de la transformación de la metódica heideggeriana en la medida en que la cuestión del ser
debe abrirse a la posibilidad de lo político en la década de los 30. Esta reelaboración de ciertos aspectos prácticos de su pensamiento sucede para Heidegger en gran parte a través de un modo específico de tratamiento del concepto de espíritu que comienza a tomar forma en su famoso discurso del rectorado donde lo geistig aparece como una estructura fundamental del proyecto que se empieza a poner en marcha y que
se consolida, precisamente, en el seminario Hegel, Sobre el Estado que da pie a este análisis. Se planteará a lo largo de este artículo que el espíritu, tajantemente rechazado
en Ser y tiempo en vistas a su status temporal, se transforma en el desarrollo de la metapolítica heideggeriana en el nexo esencial entre Dasein y pueblo
Minimal exposure durations reveal visual processing priorities for different stimulus attributes
No full textHuman vision can detect a single photon, but the minimal exposure required to extract meaning from stimulation remains unknown. This requirement cannot be characterised by stimulus energy, because the system is differentially sensitive to attributes defined by configuration rather than physical amplitude. Determining minimal exposure durations required for processing various stimulus attributes can thus reveal the system’s priorities. Using a tachistoscope enabling arbitrarily brief displays, we establish minimal durations for processing human faces, a stimulus category whose perception is associated with several well-characterised behavioural and neural markers. Neural and psychophysical measures show a sequence of distinct minimal exposures for stimulation detection, object-level detection, face-specific processing, and emotion-specific processing. Resolving ongoing debates, face orientation affects minimal exposure but emotional expression does not. Awareness emerges with detection, showing no evidence of subliminal perception. These findings inform theories of visual processing and awareness, elucidating the information to which the visual system is attuned
Self-regulated learning experience and its effect on the academic performance of first-year university students
No full textUna de las variables relevantes y predictoras en la explicación del rendimiento académico de los estudiantes universitarios es la autorregulación del aprendizaje. Es por ello que, se convierte en una de las áreas necesarias de desarrollar y promover principalmente en los primeros años de vida universitaria. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el efecto de la experiencia de aprendizaje sobre la autorregulación del aprendizaje, autoeficacia para la regulación del estudio, disposición al estudio y rendimiento académico en estudiantes universitarios de primer año. El método tiene un enfoque cuantitativo con datos de corte transversal en una muestra compuesta por 115 estudiantes universitarios de una carrera del área de Ingeniería. El procesamiento de los datos se realizó con el método de Mínimos Cuadrados Parciales. Los resultados muestran que las experiencias de aprendizaje tienen un efecto positivo sobre las variables en estudio y en específico sobre el rendimiento académico. Ello implica que las experiencias del estudiante en el proceso de aprendizaje, donde especialmente relevantes resultan las prácticas docentes para promover la autorregulación del aprendizaje, tienen
un efecto directo sobre su desempeño académico
“Psychoanalysts are always at the same time doctors and patients and can be cured as doctors.” an analysis of Karl Kraus's antipsychoanalytic aphorisms (1905–1930)
No full textKarl Kraus was one of the most important and influential personalities in Vienna at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century; he was the founder and life director of the magazine Die Fackel, famous for leading important debates with writers, poets, journalists, and psychoanalysts. At the beginning of the 20th century, Freud wanted to win Kraus's sympathy because he believed that having him on his side was essential for psychoanalysis to penetrate the artistic and cultural circle of Vienna. As will be shown in this article, the alliance between the two was never consummated and, on the contrary, they became antagonists, with Ernst Jones naming Kraus “Freud's greatest enemy.” In this paper, mentions of Freud and psychoanalysis in Die Fackel between 1905 and 1930 were identified and subsequently, 26 aphorisms written by Kraus through the post-structural linguistic approach were analyzed. A sample from the digital collection AAC-FACKEL of the Austrian Academy Corpus was used. Early writings reveal that Kraus came to regard psychoanalysis as an ally in his struggle against Austrian sexual morality, yet he was always wary of its invasion of the intimate lives of individuals. Kraus criticized Freud's explanation of female hysteria and instead considered that the root of female suffering was due to their inability to give themselves individuality. It can be concluded that although Kraus was a severe critic of psychoanalysis, at many times he viewed some of its postulates with sympathy, to the point that he considered his aphorisms to be a kind of attenuated psychoanalysis; that is, without the exaggerated presence of sexual elements or interpretations
What does Newton's second law say? a comparison between Principia and university and school physics texts in Chile
No full textTraditional teaching focuses on memorizing formulas and problem solving, especially in mechanics, crucial in secondary education and teacher training. The difficulty of understanding Newton's second law is discussed, attributing it to erroneous preconceptions about force and acceleration. It is suggested to teach the law from Newton's original formulation for a deeper and more contextualized understanding. The present work
addresses the perception of physics students, especially in Chile, about the discipline, where it is considered boring, difficult and disconnected from everyday life. A comparative analysis is carried out on how Newton's second law is taught in university and schoolbooks in Chile, observing differences in the mathematical formulation and conceptual approach. The importance of promoting a reflective and contextualized
approach in teaching physics is highlighted to develop problemsolving skills and connect concepts with reality. In summary, a change in physics teaching focused on a deep understanding of concepts and the contextualized application of fundamental laws, such as Newton's second law, is advocated to promote
meaningful and lasting learning
How do you argue in physics class? a systematic review from 2018-2023
No full textThis article examines the evolution of the teaching-learning process in science, focusing on argumentation as an essential component, especially in the field of physics. The growing interest in dialogic argumentation in the scientific community stands out, recognized for its ability to enhance learning and contribute to the social construction of knowledge. The relationship between argumentation skills, critical thinking and problem solving in science teaching is emphasized, using Toulmin's model as a framework to analyze the structure of an
argument. The concept of Sense Making is explored in the context of argumentation in physics teaching. The methodology includes a systematic review of the literature of the last five years using the PRISMA methodology, revealing consistency in the publication of articles on argumentation in physics teaching. The role of teacher educators as guides in constructivist activities is addressed, while preservice teachers play a central role in the
argumentative process
Impact of multi-professional intervention on health-related physical fitness and biomarkers in overweight COVID-19 survivors for 8 and 16 weeks: a non-randomized clinical trial
Full text linkBackground/objectives: Considering the diverse symptomatology of COVID-19—ranging from mild to severe cases—multi-professional interventions are crucial for enhancing physical recovery, nutritional status, and mental health outcomes in affected patients. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of such an intervention on health-related physical fitness and biomarkers in overweight COVID-19 survivors with varying degrees of symptom severity after 8 weeks and 16 weeks. Methods: This non-randomized clinical trial included 59 overweight COVID-19 survivors (32 males and 27 females) divided into three groups: mild (n = 31), moderate (n = 13), and severe/critical (n = 15). The participants underwent a multi-professional program and were assessed for anthropometric and body composition (primary outcome), as well as physical fitness and biochemical markers (secondary outcome) 8 and 16 weeks before the intervention. Results: After 8 weeks, time effects were observed for the maximum isometric handgrip strength (p < 0.001), maximum isometric lumbar-traction strength (p = 0.01), flexibility (p < 0.001), abdominal strength–endurance (p < 0.001), the sit-and-stand test (p < 0.001), maximum oxygen consumption (p < 0.001), and distance covered in the 6 min walk test (p < 0.001). Additionally, time effects were also observed for fat mass (p = 0.03), body fat percentage (p = 0.02), abdominal circumference (p = 0.01), total cholesterol (p < 0.001), low-density lipoproteins (p < 0.001), and glycated hemoglobin (p < 0.001), with lower values after multi-professional interventions. After 16 weeks, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure showed significant reductions independently of the intervention group (p < 0.001). Conclusion: These findings suggest that multi-professional interventions can provide substantial benefits for post-COVID-19 patients, regardless of the severity of their initial symptoms