Repositorio Académico de la Universidad Católica del Maule
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Motor coordination, perceived quality of life and body mass index in school-age children with and without participation in extracurricular sports
No full textActualmente, la falta de movimiento es una de las principales causas del exceso de peso corporal en
escolares, afectando su salud física y mental. El objetivo de esta investigación fue comparar la
coordinación motora, calidad de vida percibida y el Índice de Masa Corporal entre escolares que
participan en actividades deportivas extraescolares (GDEP) y aquellos que solo participan de clases de
educación física (GEFI). Participaron 252 escolares chilenos (83 mujeres y 169 hombres; 11.5±0.7 años).
La Calidad de vida percibida se evaluó con el cuestionario KIDSCREEN-27. La coordinación
motora (CM) se evaluó con la batería de Körperkoordinations test Für Kinder (KTK).
Además, se midió la talla y peso corporal. Se calculó el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC). Los resultados
mostraron que los escolares del GDEP obtienen mejores rendimientos en CM que los del GEFI (p<0.05) tamaño del efecto (TE) moderado (d= 0.28 a 0.45). En Calidad de vida percibida, hubo diferencia
significativa, en la dimensión “Actividad física y salud” (p<0.01), TE moderado (d= 0.52). Asimismo, se observaron mejores valores para GDEP en Peso Corporal (p<0.05) e IMC (p<0.01), con TE moderado
(d= 0.30 y 0.28; respectivamente). Además, en GDEP los Normopeso presentaron mejores resultados en CM que aquellos con Obesidad (p<0.05). En el GEFI, los Normopeso obtuvieron mejores valores en equilibrio a la retaguardia, saltos monopedales, total test KTK y en la percepción de “Actividad Física y salud” (p<0.05). Se
concluye que los escolares que participan en deportes extraescolares presentan mejor CM, percepción de
bienestar físico y salud, Peso Corporal e IMC. Además, los escolares con obesidad muestran déficit en CM y menores niveles de percepción de calidad de vida en actividad física y salud
Identification and professional identity in initial teacher training for early childhood educators
No full textIntroducción: Las construcciones identitarias, se dan a lo largo de la vida profesional de las personas, considerándose multidimensionales debido a los diferentes factores que la afectan, siendo la FID uno de ellos. Metodología: Con un mirada cualitativa, se realizó un estudio de caso simple, con participación voluntaria de 90 estudiantes de primer a cuarto año de la carrera de Pedagogía en Educación Parvularia de una universidad chilena, quienes entregaron su visión de que es para ellas ser educador/a. Los registros fueron analizados acorde a su discurso y contenido con apoyo de Atlasti 23. Resultados: existen cambios identitarios dentro de FID, siendo notorios en primer, segundo y cuarto año de formación. La mirada del ser educador/a fue cambiando desde una centrada en los afectos a una profesionalizante. Discusión: Queda de manifiesto la existencia de Trayectorias identitarias, las cuales van de la mano de procesos reflexivos, sin embargo esa mirada es variable acorde al tipo de formación que se recibe. Conclusiones: La FID es decidora frente al tipo de profesional que se está formando, volviéndose fundamental analizar el modelo formativo que se emplea
Indirect effects of executive planning functions and affectivity on the work ethic of university students
No full textWork ethic represents a key factor for professional performance, as it guides behaviors relevant to the transparency and quality of work practices. Although a wide field of study has been developed, less research has analyzed the indirect influence of affective and cognitive factors involved in work ethic. Therefore, this study aims to assess the indirect effects of executive planning functions and affectivity on the work ethic of Chilean university students. The purpose is to test the following hypotheses: (1) executive planning functions have an indirect effect on work ethic through moral reasoning; (2) affectivity has an indirect effect on work ethic through moral intuition. The participants were a total of 582 Chilean university students from a university in the north (38.5%), one in the center (35.9%), and one in the southern area (25.6%). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, structural equation models (SEMs), and SEM mediation analysis. The results show the direct effect of moral reasoning (β = 0.47, p < .01) and moral intuition (β = 0.85, p < .01) on work ethic. Furthermore, they support the indirect effect of executive planning functions (β = 0.06, p < .01) and affectivity (β = 0.46, p < .01) on work ethic. The model explains 98% of the variance of work ethic, highlighting the critical roles of moral reasoning and moral intuition as psychological mechanisms that intervene and drive the effect of cognitive and affective factors. Theoretical and practical implications for teaching–learning processes in higher education are discussed
Machine learning in sustainable agriculture: systematic review and research perspectives
No full textMachine learning (ML) has revolutionized resource management in agriculture by analyzing vast amounts of data and creating precise predictive models. Precision agriculture improves agricultural productivity and profitability while reducing costs and environmental impact. However, ML implementation faces challenges such as managing large volumes of data and adequate infrastructure. Despite significant advances in ML applications in sustainable agriculture, there is still a lack of deep and systematic understanding in several areas. Challenges include integrating data sources and adapting models to local conditions. This research aims to identify research trends and key players associated with ML use in sustainable agriculture. A systematic review was conducted using the PRISMA methodology by a bibliometric analysis to capture relevant studies from the Scopus and Web of Science databases. The study analyzed the ML literature in sustainable agriculture between 2007 and 2025, identifying 124 articles that meet the criteria for certainty assessment. The findings show a quadratic polynomial growth in the publication of articles on ML in sustainable agriculture, with a notable increase of up to 91% per year. The most productive years were 2024, 2022, and 2023, demonstrating a growing interest in the field. The study highlights the importance of integrating data from multiple sources for improved decision making, soil health monitoring, and understanding the interaction between climate, topography, and soil properties with agricultural land use and crop patterns. Furthermore, ML in sustainable agriculture has evolved from understanding weather data to integrating advanced technologies like the Internet of Things, remote sensing, and smart farming. Finally, the research agenda highlights the need for the deepening and expansion of predominant concepts, such as deep learning and smart farming, to develop more detailed and specialized studies and explore new applications to maximize the benefits of ML in agricultural sustainability
Assessing the environmental sustainability of organic wine grape production with qualified designation of origin in La Rioja, Spain
No full textVineyards are significant demanders of fertilisers, pesticides, soil tillage and water. This study assessed the environmental profile of an organic grape production system with La Rioja qualified designation of origin using a cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA). The ReCiPe method was applied to assess the environmental impacts, while the Available WAter REmaining method was used to estimate the water scarcity. Additionally, the biodiversity loss, a global issue exacerbated by agricultural practices, was evaluated along with an ecosystem service indicator, pollination, to provide a more comprehensive analysis. This study employed two functional units: one kilogram of grapes and one hectare of land. The results revealed that the environmental impacts on global warming were more than ten times lower than those reported in most studies reviewed in the literature, primarily due to the effects of direct land use changes associated with pruning waste management. The total emissions in this category were 99.51 kg CO2 eq per hectare or 15.31 g CO2 eq per kilogram of grapes. Agrochemical-related emissions were identified as the environmental hotspot. The water scarcity was estimated at 48.4 litres per kilogram of grapes, mainly attributed to agrochemical dispersion. The biodiversity loss was largely driven by land transformation, with plants being the most impacted taxon. However, a high abundance of pollinators was observed in spring, contributing to improved grape quality and natural pest control. These findings could help highlight the environmental benefits of organic viticulture and the good practices implemented in this pilot
Dataset of observables for small modular lead-cooled fast reactor MOX spent nuclear fuel
No full textLead-cooled Fast Reactors (LFRs) with mixed-oxide (MOX) fuel are promising candidates in the Generation IV (Gen IV) small modular reactor (SMR) landscape due to their capacity for actinides transmutation, passive safety features, and minimized waste radiotoxicity. For secure management, storage, safeguards, rigorous characterization is necessary. This database was developed to support the optioneering and design of MOX-based lead-cooled fast reactors. This data article introduces a comprehensive dataset of isotopic mass densities, spanning 152 nuclides present in irradiated LFR-MOX fuel, additionally providing insights into fuel characteristics such as activity, decay heat rates, photon emission rates, spontaneous fission rates, and radiotoxicity values across various decay steps.
Using the Serpent2 Monte Carlo code for fuel depletion calculations, and processed with SerpentTools, the dataset captures inventory data as a function of reactor power, fuel burnup, plutonium vector in the fresh MOX, and decay time at the end of irradiation, enabling analyses of SNF properties. The dataset is stored in Parquet format, including one primary depletion file and 13 decay files
Effects of neuromuscular training on proprioception and muscular reaction time in older woman: randomized controlled trial
No full textBackground
this study aimed analyze the effects of a neuromuscular training program compared to a multicomponent training program on proprioception and muscle reaction time in older woman.
Material and methods
Randomized controlled trial, included 54 older women randomized into 3 groups: multicomponent group (MCG), neuromuscular group (NMG), and control group (CG). Proprioception was assessed using the active repositioning test in the shoulder, elbow, hip, and knee joints. The muscular reaction time of the peroneus longus, tibialis anterior, and gastrocnemius medialis were evaluated. MCG carried out a multicomponent training program and, NMG realized neuromuscular training program plus the multicomponent training.
Results
A significant time × group interaction was observed in proprioception the shoulder joints (F = 7.57; p = 0.003; ηp2 = 0.255), hip joints (F = 10.2; p = < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.258) and knee (F = 7.12; p = 0.004; ηp2 = 0.244) and reaction time of the peroneus longus (F = 13.7; p = < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.378), tibialis anterior (F = 8.14; p = 0.002; ηp2 = 0.246) and gastrocnemius medial (F = 7.86; p = 0.003; ηp2 = 0.263). Multiple comparisons showed that there are significant improvements between the pre-and post-assessment of the NMG in proprioception and muscle reaction time.
Conclusions
Neuromuscular training program enhances the effects of multicomponent training and should be included in the physical activity programs of older people
Interaction effects of farm-scale management of natural enemy resources and the surrounding seminatural habitat on insect biological control
No full textAgricultural land use and its disruption of natural landscapes threaten the provision of ecosystem services, such as biological control by natural enemies, because of habitat simplification and management intensification. However, most studies that evaluate the effect of local management practices rarely identify and include other important predictors such as landscape compositional values. We studied the effect of adding flower strips at farms on the control of aphids in a seminatural habitat (SNH) gradient. We found significantly less aphids on farms with flower strips and more SNH at the second sampling date as well as a greater proportion of mummies with flowers early in the season, with a greater proportion of mummies at a greater %SNH at the end of the season. Foraging predators responded to the %SNH of farms without flowers only on the second sampling date, which coincided with their highest mean abundances. Our data suggests that aphid parasitism was enhanced by flowers, having a potential effect early in the season, which ultimately explained the reduction in aphid numbers thereafter. On the other hand, the effects perceived on predator abundances seemed to be more date- and landscape-sensitive. Flower strips of faba beans and buckwheat in the field as well as the %SNH surrounding farms positively affected Diaeretiella rapae and could therefore be an important management strategy to decrease Brevicoryne brassicae densities in brassica crops
Development and application of novel SSR markers to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of phacelia secunda along an altitudinal gradient in the central Chile Andes
No full textPhacelia secunda J.F. Gmel. (Boraginaceae) is a widely distributed insect-pollinated perennial herb. In central Chile (33° S), it occurs from the sea level up to 3600 m in the Andes, exhibiting broad morphological variation. In this study, we developed and characterized novel polymorphic microsatellites for this species, using an Illimina MiSeq sequencing platform. Nineteen polymorphic loci were obtained, with alleles numbers ranging from 3 to 13 per locus (mean = 5.84). Observed (HO) and expected heterozygosities (HE) ranged from 0.050 to 0.900 and from 0.049 to 0.825, respectively. These markers were applied to assess the genetic diversity and population structure along an altitudinal spanning from 1600 to 3600 m. The highest elevation population exhibited significantly lower within-population genetic diversity compared to lower-elevation populations. Significant population differentiation was observed along the gradient. Gene flow estimates support a stepping-stone like mode of migration, with greater exchange between adjacent elevations. These new microsatellites provide a valuable tool for elucidating the influence of altitude on genetic diversity and structure, and for evaluating the roles of local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity in shaping population variation
Gyneco-obstetric violence and its impact on the mental health of women with disabilities: a case study in Chile
No full textAlthough gyneco-obstetric violence (GOV) addresses the violation of sexual and reproductive rights, it is crucial to problematize its subjective aspects and effects on the mental health of women with disabilities, especially in the Global South. Our objective was to analyze GOV experiences and their mental health impact in women with disabilities through a case study in Chile, using in-depth interviews and documentary analysis of social networks and shadow/alternative reports. In their interactions with the biomedical model, women with disabilities are exposed to violation of their sexual and reproductive rights, infantilization, and objectification of their bodies. This negates their subjectivity, directly impacting their self-perception, autonomy, and trust in healthcare institutions. One strategy through which to address GOV involves the collectivization of subjective disaffection in common spaces. It is crucial that healthcare institutions have teams trained to attend persons with disabilities as well as strategies for the prevention and reparation of acts of GOV. It is paramount to foster the social participation of women with disabilities in healthcare matters in order to make their experiences visible in spaces of collaboration with professionals, institutions, and policymakers