Repositorio Académico de la Universidad Católica del Maule
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Assessing apple coming from agroclimatic differing locations: a tool for evaluating impact of environmental variation on postharvest
No full textThe potential effect of preharvest environmental variation on the postharvest behaviour of apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) was assessed for ‘Cripps Pink’ variety apples grown in four different agroclimatic locations along the irrigated valley of Central Chile (Llancanao, Malloa, El Radal and El Parrón). The flesh firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), skin colour, internal ethylene concentration (IEC), internal browning (IB) and index of absorbance difference (IAD) were assessed in apples that had been stored at 0.5 and 2°C for 4 and 6 months and correlated with environmental parameters prior to harvest (February). There was notable variation in the IAD, percentage of red-coloured skin, TSS, firmness and IEC among the orchards at both storage temperatures, and both radial and diffuse IB were identified. Further analysis showed that the preharvest environmental conditions were correlated with the evaluated parameters, with five significant correlations (P < 0.05) being found and 63 of the 120 correlations examined having r values above 0.5. These findings indicate that preharvest environmental conditions affected fruit parameters during storage, which has implications under climate change
Thermodynamic and observational constraints on black holes with primary hair in Beyond Horndeski gravity: stability and shadows
No full textIn this paper, we find that unlike in General Relativity, the shift-symmetric subclass of Beyond Horndeski theories permits black holes with primary hair that are thermodynamically stable and align with current Event Horizon Telescope observations of the M87* and Sgr A* black holes. This work begins by investigating thermodynamic properties, analyzing how primary hair influences thermodynamic quantities and local stability, which imposes strict constraints on the allowed range of primary hair values. The null geodesics near this black hole are then examined, demonstrating how scalar hair affects the shadow diameter. Specifically, when the parameter of the Beyond Horndeski function F4 is negative, increasing scalar hair enlarges the shadow; in contrast, when this parameter is positive, greater scalar hair reduces the shadow size. Further constraints on the scalar hair are derived using observational data, highlighting its sensitivity to other black hole parameters. To explore additional observational features, face-on two-dimensional images of spherically infalling accretion disks are simulated, revealing how primary scalar hair shapes the black hole's shadow. Finally, all relevant constraints are combined to identify black holes that are both stable and consistent with observational data
Flâneur and chostly beggars in El Paseo Ahumada by Enrique Lihn
No full textEn El Paseo Ahumada (1983) de Enrique Lihn se observa la aparición de sujetos flâneur y mendigos que deambulan como figuras fantasmales en esta nueva arteria levantada como epicentro del mercado comercial y bursátil del país, ejemplo del modelo neoliberal instaurado en la dictadura. En la obra estos sujetos confluyen con banqueros y transeúntes que circulan azarosamente por el mismo escenario, pero sus interacciones son mediadas o evitadas. Como un flâneur callejero, la voz poética elabora un registro escrito y visual del espectáculo que brinda el paseo en el que circulan sujetos en desiguales condiciones lo que pone de manifiesto la presencia perturbadora y fantasmal de los mendicantes
Economic and financial crimes: evidence from the literature in emerging markets
No full textPurpose
This study aims to characterize and analyze the literature on economic and financial crimes (EFCs) in the context of emerging markets, as published in Scopus.
Design/methodology/approach
A bibliometric analysis was conducted on 33 articles sourced from Scopus, focusing on the intersection of keywords related to financial crime or economic crime with those related to emerging markets, emerging countries, emerging economies, developing markets, developing countries or developing economies. The data were systematically analyzed using Excel and Bibliometrix to identify trends, patterns and gaps in the literature.
Findings
Research in this area has seen significant growth, with the period from 2016 to 2023 accounting for 57.6% of total scientific productivity. This period also represents 68.1% of authors, 56.7% of journals, 73.6% of institutions and 45.7% of citations. Key research themes identified include: the practice of EFCs in developing countries; the impact of globalization on EFCs in these regions; and the intersection of artificial intelligence, sustainable development goals and EFCs. Furthermore, the authors suggest exploring under-researched crimes, such as kickbacks, extortion, embezzlement, bid rigging and insider trading.
Research limitations/implications
This study primarily focuses on EFCs in emerging markets. Future research should examine developed markets to contrast findings and enrich the overall understanding of these phenomena.
Originality/value
Despite the critical nature of EFCs in emerging markets, there has been no comprehensive study that elucidates the significant aspects of the existing literature
Teaching Thales’s theorem: relations between suitable mathematical working spaces and specialised knowledge
No full textIn this article, we analyse a lesson on Thales’s theorem in a Chilean secondary school classroom through the combination of two theories: Mathematics Teachers’ Specialised Knowledge (ThMTSK) and Mathematical Working Spaces (ThMWS). Both theories, first separately and then in relation to one another, are used to analyse two tasks proposed by the teacher in the classroom following a cross-methodology for networking of theories. Through a single case study research design, a content analysis of the transcript of the video recording of the lesson was conducted. The joint analysis of this lesson allows us to better understand the mathematical work taking place in the classroom. In particular, the results show the scope of each model and their complementarity through the detection of meeting points and blind spots, through the role of proof, representations, and the change between geometrical and numerical work in teaching Thales’s theorem. This allows for a deeper understanding of a teacher’s practice and teaching. Ultimately, relationships between the theoretical elements of both theories are established to show their complementarity. We conclude that networking between theories can contribute to the development of these theories by raising questions that involve examining their foundations and assumptions in greater depth
Effects of a Kundalini Yoga programme on cardiorespiratory fitness and health-related quality of life in university students
No full textIntroducción: La inactividad física y el comportamiento sedentario son factores de riesgo para diversas enfermedades, incluidas las cardiovasculares, el cáncer y los trastornos mentales. El Kundalini Yoga (KY) tiene el potencial de mejorar la salud física y mental.
Objetivo: Evaluar los efectos de un programa de KY de 6 semanas sobre la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria (CRF) y la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (HRQoL) en estudiantes universitarios inactivos.
Metodología: Ensayo controlado aleatorizado con grupos paralelos y diseño doble ciego. Veintiséis estudiantes fueron divididos en grupo de Yoga (YG, n=13) y grupo control (CG, n=13). El YG realizó doce sesiones de KY en seis semanas. Las mediciones pre y post intervención incluyeron el consumo pico de oxígeno (VO₂peak) y el cuestionario SF-36 de calidad de vida. Se utilizó un análisis del efecto tiempo×grupo (alfa= .05).
Resultados: El YG mostró mejoras significativas en el VO₂peak relativo (∆=3.21) y absoluto (∆=173.07), así como en el rendimiento físico (∆=12.31). También, en HRQoL, se observaron mejoras significativas en la salud general (∆=20.0), función física (∆=5.0) y comportamiento general (∆=12.9) del YG. El CG solo mejoró la función física (∆=5.0).
Discusión: Los resultados muestran que, en un menor período de intervención, se logaron mayores mejorías en la CRF y similares en HRQoL en comparación con otros estilos de Yoga.
Conclusiones: Doce sesiones de KY en seis semanas mejoraron la CRF y HRQoL en estudiantes universitarios inactivos, sugiriendo que programas de KY pueden ser beneficiosos para promover un estilo de vida activo y mejorar la salud
Language of shock and present experience: Benjamin as a reader of Baudelaire
No full textThis article discusses Benjamin's interpretation of Baudelaire's poetry as a key to reading modernity. Understanding the ambiguities between novelty and archaism, typical of the time, is only possible thanks to the poet’s gesture of privileging radical contingency. On the one hand, the violence of unwanted encounters amid the crowd does not allow for reflection; on the other, its productive dimension makes contingency speakable. The poet’s verses will make possible the encounter of the now of experience with the available past in terms of expectation: explanatory images are produced from the singularity of language. Finally, the Lacanian real is produced thanks to the understanding of the psyche as structure
Motives for pornography use and women's sexual wellbeing: insights from a 42-country study
No full textBackground and aims
Despite a growing body of research on pornography use among women, there is a lack of understanding of the problematic versus non-problematic nature. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between women's motivations for pornography use and sexual wellbeing using a cross-sectional, self-report survey design among participants from 42 countries.
Methods
The total sample included 82,243 participants, of whom 46,874 (57.0%) identified as women and were analyzed. The participants' age averaged at M = 29.67 years, with a standard deviation of SD = 10.11. Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire assessing their motivations for pornography use, as well as measures of sexual functioning, sexual desire, and sexual satisfaction.
Results
Study results suggest that across cultures, women's motivations for pornography use are associated with their sexual wellbeing. Specifically, when women reported using pornography for their own pleasure or sexual curiosity, it was associated with fewer sexual functioning problems and higher sexual desire. Conversely, when women reported using pornography due to a lack of sexual satisfaction in their relationships, it was associated with more sexual functioning problems.
Discussion and conclusions
These findings highlight the need to consider the multifaceted nature of pornography use among women, including the usage motives, to fully understand associations with sexual wellbeing. Additionally, the study emphasizes the importance of conducting further research utilizing longitudinal designs, to establish the directionality between pornography use motivations and sexual wellbeing among women
Need for active commuting to improve cardiorespiratory health: analysis of a population survey in Chile
No full textIntroducción: el aumento del transporte activo se relaciona con incrementos en el fitness cardiorrespiratorio. Es escasa la evidencia en Chile.
Objetivo: el objetivo fue evaluar la asociación entre el fitness cardiorrespiratorio y el transporte activo en población chilena.
Metodología: se analizó datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2016-2017 con 5292 casos sobre velocidad de caminata (apurada, normal, lenta) y 1861 casos de transporte activo de caminata o bicicleta (tiempo en minutos). El fitness se estimó con cinco ecuaciones. Para evaluar la asociación entre el fitness y los medios de trasporte activo se utilizó regresión lineal con modelos sin y con ajustar por variables confundentes sociodemográficas, antropométricas y de salud.
Resultados: la velocidad de caminata “apurada” se asoció con un aumento del fitness entre 3,3 y 4,5 mlO2/kg/min en los modelos sin ajuste, y con incrementos entre 0,1 y 3,7 mlO2/kg/min de fitness en tres modelos ajustados (todos p < 0,001). Por su parte, por cada aumento de 1 minuto en el transporte activo de caminata o bicicleta el fitness aumentó entre 0,06 y 0,07 mlO2/kg/min en cuatro modelos sin ajustar (p < 0,001). Es así que, al aumentar 10 minutos de transporte cada día, durante cinco días, el fitness aumentaría desde 28,5 hasta 32 mlO2/kg/min.
Conclusiones: caminar “apurado” y más tiempo de traslado en caminata o bicicleta demostraron incrementos significativos en el fitness, inclusive en forma independiente de variables sociodemográficas, antropométricas y de salud
Money laundering in emerging countries: patterns, trends, and knowledge gaps from a systematic review
No full textPurpose
The purpose of this study is to explore the evolving landscape of money laundering (ML) research in emerging economies, identifying key trends, challenges, and future research directions.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper adopts bibliometric and systematic literature review approaches to distill the main trends, themes and knowledge gaps in the areas of ML research. This paper analyzed indicators of bibliometrics, keyword co-occurrence network and thematic clustering while identifying evolving patterns in researching ML by analyzing 102 articles indexed in both Scopus and Web of Science.
Findings
ML research has taken a quantum leap after 2018. It discusses thematic clusters on the challenges facing developing countries, corruption and its interaction with financial systems, illicit financial flows and the macroeconomic consequences of financial crimes. Globalization, political dynamics and informal financial systems pose other challenges. These findings emphasize adaptive, technology-driven frameworks oriented toward the sustainable development goals.
Originality/value
The research provides a cumulative overview of fragmented studies on ML in emerging economies, thereby bridging the gaps between academic research and policy-making. The paper contributes to the wider understanding of the socio-economic and environmental dimensions of financial crimes and positions ML within the global agenda of equitable development