Repositorio Institucional UCSC (Univ. Católica de la Santísima Concepción)
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Cultural topics with clinical implications needed in the dental curriculum to develop intercultural competence: A systematic review
No full textObjective: To identify cultural topics with clinical implications to be incorporated into the dentistry curriculum to develop Intercultural Competence.
Methods: Systematic review with PRISMA criteria that exported 216 articles from the Web of Science, Scopus, and SciELO databases from 2012 to 2022, of which 40 were selected. The inclusion criteria were theoretical and empirical scientific articles, of quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods nature, on cultural topics.
Results: The data analysis allowed the organization of information into four cultural topics: Development of professional intercultural self‐awareness, Individual, family, and cultural implications, Construction of intercultural therapeutic relationships, and Specific clinical aspects, each with particular contents to be developed in the dentistry curriculum. However, some clinical issues have yet to be explored in‐depth, leaving research possibilities open to all disciplines in dentistry. Additionally, it is necessary to analyze the cultural bias in the discussion and conclusion of some reviewed articles, as they were conducted from an ethnocentric perspective. Thus, peer reviewers of scientific journals and researchers in these topics must have appropriate training in Intercultural Competence.
Conclusions: This review provides a guide and pedagogical sequence of the cultural topics that should be incorporated into the dentistry curriculum to achieve Intercultural Competence, it also highlights a wide range of relevant aspects to consider in establishing an adequate therapeutic relationship. Explicit accreditation criteria contribute to the establishment of Intercultural Competence in the curricula; however, in countries that lack regulations, there is a moral and ethical duty to incorporate the subject so that the future professional can manage and establish inclusive healthcare
Variations of thermal properties with water content and density of residual and basaltic sands from Chile
No full textRenewable energy has become a relevant alternative to solve energy and environmental problems worldwide. Characterization of geothermal resources is fundamental for an efficient and sustainable extraction of heat. In this study, thermal conductivity, , volumetric heat capacity, C, and thermal diffusivity, , of two soils from Chile, namely Bío Bío sand and Maicillo residual soil, were analysed. Bío Bío sand is a uniform and clean sand that mainly consists of basaltic particles, whereas Maicillo soil is a silty and clayey sand with a high quartz content. Samples were tested with a thermal needle probe at varying water contents and densities. Measurements to obtain , C and were undertaken. These results allowed the patterns and relationships between geotechnical and heat transfer parameters to be analysed. It was found that dry soil conditions led to the lowest values of , while saturated soil conditions led to the highest values. Moreover, Maicillo soil has higher capabilities to transfer heat than Bío Bío sand and can reach up to 50% greater for dense soil and saturated conditions. This is due to its quarzitic and clayey mineralogy and non-uniform grain-size distribution. The results from this research represent an important contribution to industrial applications
Afectividad y satisfacción laboral en trabajadores latinoamericanos durante la pandemia COVID-19: Análisis de conglomerados
Get PDFIntroduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, people have experienced sudden changes in their lives, especially in their work dynamics. In this context, the balance of positive and negative affective experiences can influence workers’ job satisfaction.
Objectives: Explore the levels of job satisfaction, related to positive and negative affect, in a group of Latin American workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Method: The sample included 594 Latin American workers (M = 38, aged between 18 and 60; SD = 10.47), of both sexes, who answered a sociodemographic questionnaire online and two psychological measures of affect and job satisfaction. Ward’s hierarchical cluster analysis and K-means were used as methods.
Results: Four worker groups were identified: Group 1, high levels of positive and negative affect with high job satisfaction; Group 2, low levels of positive and negative affect with low job satisfaction; Group 3, high levels of positive affect and low levels of negative affect with high job satisfaction; Group 4, low levels of positive affect and high levels of negative affect with low job satisfaction.
Conclusions: Groups with high levels of positive affect experienced high job satisfaction, while groups with high or low levels of negative affect and low levels of positive affect experienced low job satisfaction
Efectos del entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad sobre la capacidad aeróbica y variabilidad cardiaca en estudiantes universitarios. Estudio cuasiexperimental
Get PDFObjetivo: analizar los efectos a corto plazo de un entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad de 4 semanas sobre la capacidad aeróbica en estudiantes universitarios.
Método: Estudio cuasiexperimental, no aleatorizado. Participaron 26 estudiantes, adultos, normopeso y físicamente activos, cuya muestra considero 26 estudiantes universitarios distribuidos en un grupo control (n=13) y experimental (n=13), quienes fueron evaluados en su capacidad aeróbica a través del VO2 pico estimado por el Step Test 3x1 y su vatiabilidad cardiaca determinada por el balance autonómico LF/HF. Se elaboró un entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad durante 4 semanas, donde 2 veces por semana se realizaron 4 series de Push-up, Mountain climber, Squat, Jumping Jack, Burpees y Skipping.
Resultados: el grupo control reporto sobre la capacidad aeróbica cambios significativos con un tamaño de efecto pequeño (p = 0,01; d = 0,2), mientras que no observo cambios significativos sobre la variabilidad cardiaca (p = 0,80; d = 0,2), mientras que el grupo experimental observo cambios significativos con un tamaño de efecto medio (p = 0,01; d = 0,5). No obstante, tampoco se logró apreciar un cambio significativo sobre la variabilidad cardiaca (p = 0,21; d = 0,2).
Conclusión: un entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad y corta duración es un estímulo mucho más eficaz para la mejora de la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria en comparación de un programa de entrenamiento aeróbico convencional en adultos jóvenes físicamente activos. No obstante, no parece generar cambios agudos sobre el balance autonómic
Personnel Selection in a Coffee Shop Company Based on a Multi-Criteria Decision-Aiding and Artificial Intelligence Approach
Get PDFHuman capital management is a strategic element for companies in a globalized world. Therefore, they must use strategies and methods to recruit and select personnel assertively to focus their training, strengthening, and business growth efforts. Personnel selection can be seen as a decision problem and can be addressed in a multi-criteria decision-making context. This work aims to present the selection process of a barista in a Mexican coffee shop. The baristas could be the face of the company to customers, and they could significantly impact their overall experience. The personnel selection process included eleven candidates and three criteria. This process was performed using the ELECTRE-III to model the preferences of a decision-maker and RP2-NSGA-II+H, a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm that exploits fuzzy outranking relations to derive multi-criteria rankings. The ordering obtained with the algorithm did not have any inconsistency concerning the integral preference model, and it allowed for the selection of a candidate to occupy the barista position. The results show the relevance of combining preference modeling with multi-criteria analysis methods for decision-making and artificial intelligence techniques
Construction novel highly active photocatalytic H2 evolution over noble-metal-free trifunctional Cu3P/CdS nanosphere decorated g-C3N4 nanosheet
No full textHydrogen energy possesses immense potential in developing a green renewable energy system. However, a significant problem still exists in improving the photocatalytic H2 production activity of metal-free graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) based photocatalysts. Here is a novel Cu3P/CdS/g-C3N4 ternary nanocomposite for increasing photocatalytic H2 evolution activity. In this study, systematic characterizations have been carried out using techniques like X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Raman spectra, UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), surface area analysis (BET), electrochemical impedance (EIS), and transient photocurrent response measurements. Surprisingly, the improved 3CP/Cd-6.25CN photocatalyst displays a high H2 evolution rate of 125721 μmol h− 1 g− 1. The value obtained exceeds pristine g-C3N4 and Cu3P/CdS by 339.8 and 7.6 times, respectively. This could be the maximum rate of hydrogen generation for a g–C3N4–based ternary nanocomposite ever seen when exposed to whole solar spectrum and visible light (λ > 420 nm). This research provides fresh perspectives on the rational manufacture of metal-free g-C3N4 based photocatalysts that will increase the conversion of solar energy. By reusing the used 3CP/Cd/g-C3N4 photocatalyst in five consecutive runs, the stability of the catalyst was investigated, and their individual activity in the H2 production activity was assessed. To comprehend the reaction mechanisms and emphasise the value of synergy between the three components, several comparison systems are built
Comparison of critical thinking skills between students studying the first year and the fourth year of Nursing at a Chilean university
Get PDFIntroducción: se reconoce el pensamiento crítico como una competencia esencial en la educación del siglo XXI, especialmente en el ámbito de la salud, donde se requiere para la toma de decisiones clínicas complejas. Este estudio busca medir y comparar los niveles de pensamiento crítico en estudiantes de diferentes años académicos.
Métodos: se utilizó un diseño descriptivo transversal con una muestra de 162 estudiantes, aplicando una encuesta de 30 ítems con una escala tipo Likert. Se evaluaron seis dimensiones del pensamiento crítico y se utilizó la prueba U de Mann-Whitney para comparar los puntajes entre los grupos.
Resultados: los estudiantes de primer año reportaron mayores habilidades de pensamiento crítico (promedio 3,69) en comparación con los de cuarto año (promedio 3,45), siendo estadísticamente significativa la diferencia en las dimensiones de “Leer Dialógico” y “Escuchar y Expresar Oralmente Dialógico”. Los estudiantes de cuarto año identificaron más áreas de mejora en sus habilidades.
Conclusiones: a medida que los estudiantes avanzan en su formación, se vuelven más críticos respecto a sus habilidades de pensamiento crítico. Aunque ambos grupos identificaron habilidades similares, los de cuarto año mostraron una mayor conciencia de sus limitaciones, especialmente en las dimensiones dialógicas y sustantivas. Esto sugiere la necesidad de enfoques específicos en la enseñanza del pensamiento crítico en la educación de enfermería
Effects of 52 weeks of a physical exercise program on the speed and muscle strength of Russian basketball players aged 12 to 13 years. Randomized Controlled Trial
Get PDFObjetivos: Analizar los efectos de un programa de 52 semanas de ejercicio físico sobre las manifestaciones de fuerza-velocidad en niños rusos jugadores de baloncesto de entre 12 a 13 años.
Métodos. Ensayo controlado, paralelo y aleatorizado con cegado simple llevado a cabo en la escuela secundaria n.°60 de Kirov (Rusia). Los niños rusos jugadores de baloncesto fueron divididos en un grupo control (n = 20) y un grupo experimental (n = 20); Ambos grupos realizaron las lecciones de educación física de acuerdo con el plan de estudios, sin embargo, el grupo experimental además realizo series de ejercicios físicos orientados al desarrollo de la fuerza-velocidad especifica. La valoración de la fuerza-velocidad considero las pruebas salto horizontal, Abalakov jump, 20 metros sprint y 40 segundos de carrera.
Resultados: El grupo experimental mejoro las pruebas de salto horizontal (p <0,001; d = 0,08) y vertical (p = 0,01; d = 0,05). En relación con las pruebas de velocidad, ambos grupos mejoraron la capacidad de sprint láctico (p < 0,05 d < 0,2), mientras que la velocidad aláctica solo mejoro significativamente en el grupo control (p = 0.02; d = 3,39).
Conclusión: Un programa de 52 semanas con ejercicios físico puede ser eficaz para mejorar la fuerza-velocidad manifestada en niños rusos jugadores de baloncesto de entre 12 a 13 años
Exploring the antimicrobial activity of hydrothermally synthesized copper pyrophosphate nanoflakes
No full textIn recent years, infections and the escalating resistance to antimicrobial drugs have emerged as significant health concerns. Due to their remarkable effectiveness and minimal potential for bacteria to develop resistance, copper-based nanomaterials are being considered as prospective alternatives to conventional antibiotics. In this study, copper pyrophosphate nanoflakes were synthesized using a simple hydrothermal technique with an inorganic phosphate source. These nanoflakes, characterized by a high aspect ratio, exert a substantial impact on bacterial cell walls, effectively eliminating microbial pathogens. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the monoclinic phase of the copper pyrophosphate nanomaterial, while the band gap energy of 2.7 eV was estimated from the Tauc plot. Additionally, the antimicrobial efficacy of Cu2P2O7 was evaluated against various gram-negative, gram-positive, and fungal pathogens at different concentrations. Notably, all tested bacterial strains exhibited moderate antimicrobial effects at concentrations of 5 mg/mL. For instance, S. aureus and E. coli displayed a 13 mm zone of inhibition, demonstrating excellent activity and lower cytotoxicity. These findings underscore the potential of Cu2P2O7 as a promising candidate for the development of novel drugs targeting pathogenic bacteria affecting human health
