Repositorio Institucional UCSC (Univ. Católica de la Santísima Concepción)
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Reseña de libro: La calle estalla. Comunicación de lo político en canciones de músicos chilenos independientes (2005-2018).
No full textLa calle estalla. Comunicación de lo político en canciones de músicos chilenos independientes (2005-2018)”, es obra del destacado periodista Arturo Figueroa, que explora en uno de recovecos más intrincados de la música chilena. El libro desarrolla un minucioso análisis en el que se aborda la importancia de la música independiente chilena como vehículo de expresión política del nuevo milenio. Haciendo uso de una narrativa simple, pero bien lograda, somete a examen tópicos y letras para revelar cómo se transforman en cajas de resonancia con capacidad de reflejar los temas contingentes y cotidianos del ciudadano común, entre ellas problemáticas sociales, desigualdad, descontento colectivo, marginación de las clases sociales vulnerables, jornadas de movilizaciones estudiantiles y demandas ciudadanas que exhortan a la clase política para materializar un cambio social. El relato invita al lector a descubrir en la música algo que va más allá de una mera expresión artística, para erigirle como un certero instrumento trasmisor de las limitaciones y sueños de los jóvenes chilenos
Alteraciones. Mujeres, feminismos y diversidades de género. Uma resenha do livro de Pamela Romero, Alicia Rey e Rodrigo Browne
No full textEl siguiente volumen reúne diferentes puntos de vista acerca de los estudios de género y sus derivaciones, a partir de los trabajos y experiencias de un grupo de investigadores, vinculad@s a estas temáticas, que han desarrollado su quehacer desde una perspectiva crítica y de resistencia contracultural. Esta mirada lleva a proponer una publicación que recupere las voces silenciadas por los discursos heteropatriarcales dominantes para disponer de lecturas renovadas en torno a cuestiones fundamentales para las sociedades contemporáneas que luchan por la equidad, la igualdad y la no discriminación de todo tipo. En este sentido, se trata de un libro crítico del discurso y de las prácticas de los estudios de género. A saber: violencia de género, género y colonialidad, sexualidad y representación mediática, disidencias sexuales y LGTBIQ+, discursos poscoloniales y movimientos feministas del Sur, masculinidades, imaginarios de mujeres, cuerpos en resistencia, fuera de género, entre otros
Improving Wildfire Resilience in the Mediterranean Central-South Regions of Chile
Get PDFWildfires in central-south Chile, consistent with trends observed in other Mediterranean regions, are expected to become more frequent and severe, threatening ecosystems and impacting millions of people. This study aims to enhance wildfire resilience in the central-south regions of Chile through the provision of robust information on current wildfire management practices and comparison with successful alternatives implemented in other fire-prone Mediterranean regions. With this aim, we consulted 55 local stakeholders involved in wildfire management, and alongside a comparative analysis of wildfire statistics and resource allocation in selected Mediterranean regions, we critically assessed different strategies to improve wildfire prevention and management in central-south Chile. The comparative analysis indicated notable economic under-investment for wildfire prevention in Chile. Compared to other Mediterranean countries, Chile is clearly below in terms of investment in forest fire prevention, both in global (public investment) and specific terms ($ ha−1, GDP per capita). The experts consulted included fuel management, governance and community participation, territorial management, landscape planning, socioeconomic evaluation, and education and awareness as key aspects for wildfire prevention. The results of the questionnaire indicated that there was a broad consensus regarding the importance of managing biomass to reduce fuel loads and vegetation continuity, thereby enhancing landscape resilience. Landscape planning and territorial management were also emphasized as critical tools to balance ecological needs with those of local communities, mitigating wildfire risks. Fire-Smart management emerged as a nature-based solution and a promising integrated approach, combining fuel treatments with modeling, simulation, and scenario evaluation based on local and regional environmental data. Additionally, educational and social engagement tools were considered vital for addressing misconceptions and fostering community support. Besides a better integration of rural planning with social demands, this study underscores the urgent need to substantially increase the investment and significance of wildfire prevention measures in central-south Chile, which are key to improving its wildfire resilience. Our work contextualizes the reality of wildfires in central-south Chile and directly contributes to mitigating this growing concern by critically examining successful wildfire resilience strategies from comparable fire-prone regions, complementing ongoing local efforts and offering a practical guide for stakeholders in wildfire management and prevention, with particular relevance to central-south Chile and other regions with similar characteristics
Local and regional variations in composition and aggregate properties of fish assemblages in rocky intertidal pools of the Chilean coast
No full textWe assessed compositional and aggregate properties of fish assemblages inhabiting rocky intertidal pools of the coast of central Chile. Its association to sampling regions, localities, tidepool volume or dominant substrate was examined. A total of 1502 individual fish representing 20 species were collected in 49 single-time sampled tidepools from 3 localities at Valparaíso and 5 from the Biobío region. The dissimilarity in composition of the fish assemblages was larger between regions than among localities within regions. The most abundant taxa in Valparaíso were Helcogrammoides chilensis and Scartichthys viridis. In Biobío were Calliclinus geniguttatus, Gobiesox marmoratus, Myxodes viridis and Ophiogobius jenynsi. There were significant and positive but not strong correlations between the volume of tidepools with the total fish number and species richness. There were no significant correlations with dominance, diversity and total fish biomass. Consequently, density in biomass, density in number of fishes, and in number of species decreased similarly and steeply with tidepool volume in Valparaíso and Biobío regions, indicating a strong size effect of tidepool volume in both regions. These results indicate that community composition variability is independent of aggregate community and that a biogeographical compositional transition occurs in this area
Performance of timber-concrete composite members: a Study on connectors and failure modes
No full textIn recent years, timber-concrete composite (TCC) structures have become increasingly popular across Europe for both new builds and renovations. These systems combine the benefits of concrete and timber: concrete provides excellent compressive strength, while timber offers tensile strength, lightweight properties, and aesthetic appeal. The concrete slab protects timber beams from moisture, enhancing durability, especially in bridges. Various connectors enable effective interaction between concrete and timber, ensuring structural performance. Factors such as material properties, connector type, and installation quality significantly impact performance. Among these, the type of mechanical connector and the connection angle are key influences. To evaluate bond efficiency, twelve specimens were subjected to identical shear-compression tests. Four configurations were tested: straight screws (SS), straight nails (SN), tilted screws (TS), and tilted nails (TN). Three specimens per configuration were constructed with Pino Radiata timber and M30 grade concrete. Results showed that nail bonds allowed greater deformation, but SS bonds performed best, resisting 1.158 ± 0.407 MPa—41.3% ± 34.8% stronger than SN, 110.7% ± 39.2% stronger than TS, and 118.9% ± 39.9% stronger than TN. Failure modes varied by bond type, with critical failure and timber-concrete slippage being the most common
A stochastic Stackelberg problem with long-term investment decisions in Power-To-X technologies for multi-energy microgrids
No full textTechnologies providing flexibility options to power systems, such as Power-To-X (PtX) technologies, have become more important with the increasing deployment of distributed energy resources, particularly microgrids. However, uncertainty in renewable resources creates ambiguity regarding the necessary PtX capacity to install. This paper proposes a two-stage stochastic Stackelberg approach for multi-energy microgrids, focusing on long-term investment decisions in PtX technologies and hourly operational strategies. The Stackelberg problem considers microgrids as leaders (upper level) and the independent system operator as a follower (lower level). In the first stage, investment levels for various PtX technologies are determined as one-time decisions. The second stage focuses on hourly operational decisions, including the integration of microgrids with the independent system operator with marginal endogenous prices. The results provide insights into how uncertainty in renewable generation and electric battery levels affect investment levels. Larger hydrogen and thermal storage volumes lead to more flexible and self-sufficient microgrid systems. In scenarios with higher flexibility, microgrids can: (1) satisfy up to 10% of the independent system operator demand using renewable electricity and (2) regulate supply variability by storing excess generation during peak periods and releasing it during low generation periods
The “Conhecimento Brasil” Program neglects the structural problems of Brazilian science and fails to offer a solution to the brain drain
Get PDFCharacterizing the spatial correlation of coseismic slip distributions: a data driven Bayesian approach
Get PDFThe spatial correlation of coseismic slip is a necessary input for generating stochastic seismic rupture models, which are commonly used in seismic and tsunami hazard assessments. To date, the spatial correlation of individual earthquakes is characterized using finite fault models by finding the combination of parameters of a von Kármán autocorrelation function that best fits the observed autocorrelation function of the finite fault model. However, because a priori spatial correlation conditions (i.e. not in the data) are generally applied in finite fault model generation, the results obtained using this method may be biased. Additionally, robust uncertainty estimates for spatial correlations of coseismic slip are generally not performed. Considering these limitations in the classic method, here, a method is developed based on a Bayesian formulation of Finite Fault Inversion (FFI) with positivity constraints. This method allows for characterizing the spatial correlation of coseismic slip and its uncertainties for an earthquake by using samples of coseismic slip from a posterior probability density function (PDF). Furthermore, a Bayesian model selection criterion called Akaike Bayesian Information Criterion (ABIC) is applied to objectively choose between different prior spatial correlation schemes before computing the posterior, to reduce subjectivity due to this prior condition. The ABIC is calculated using an approximate analytical expression of Bayesian evidence. The method is applied to simulated P waves, demonstrating that model selection allows for objectively estimating the most suitable prior spatial correlation scheme in FFI. Additionally, the target spatial correlation of coseismic slip is accurately recovered using samples from the posterior PDF, as well as their uncertainties. Moreover, in the simulated experiment, it is shown that a non-robust choice of the prior spatial correlation scheme can significantly bias the estimated spatial correlations of coseismic slip. We apply our method to observed P waves from the 2015, Illapel earthquake (), finding that the spatial correlation of coseismic slip of this earthquake is better described by a von Kármán ACF, with mean correlation lengths of around 47 km and Hurst parameter of 0.58. We conclude that using our method reduces biases associated with prior spatial correlation conditions and allows for robust estimation of spatial correlations of coseismic slip and their uncertainties
Curricular justice in chilean special education: Political-historical evolution from 1850 to 2023
Get PDFEl devenir histórico es un proceso relevante para comprender la evolución epistemológica de ciertos elementos, en este caso, de la educación especial. Este artículo propone ser una revisión documental de la normativa chilena que ha resguardado los principios de integración y actualmente de inclusión. Conceptualiza desde la justicia social una visión teórica de la justicia curricular. Aborda el surgimiento y consolidación de la educación especial en Chile, comenzando por la construcción e implementación de la primera escuela para sordos en 1852 y la visión de pedagogía terapéutica. La promulgación de decretos y leyes que promovieron la atención del estudiantado en situación de discapacidad en 1976 – 1981 y actualizados en la década de los 90´s. El reconocimiento a la diversidad entre los años 2010 – 2023 con normativas que validan la identidad de género y finalmente el cambio de visión centrada en el déficit por una inclusión centrada en las barreras y obstaculizadores. En conclusión, la educación especial en Chile entre los años 1850 y 2023 ha evolucionado desde una concepción de integración hacia una inclusión social de personas. En un inicio dando respuesta curricular a las personas en situación de discapacidad y actualmente, velando por la expresión de las diversidades y subjetividades
Impact of Beta-Alanine, Caffeine, and Their Combination on Intraocular Pressure and Ocular Perfusion Pressure at Rest and After Resistance Training
No full textThis study aimed to determine the impact of caffeine (200 mg), beta-alanine (3 g), and their combination on intraocular pressure (IOP), ocular perfusion pressure (OPP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) at rest and after resistance training. Twenty young men (age = 23.4 ± 4.5 years) took part in this placebo-controlled, triple-blind, balanced crossover study. Participants visited the lab on four different days, with the only difference of the supplement used (caffeine, beta-alanine, caffeine + beta-alanine, and placebo). IOP and blood pressure were measured at baseline after 30 min from supplement intake, and after completing the resistance training session consisting of four alternating sets of bench press and bench pull exercises using a 20 repetition maximum load without reaching failure. In resting conditions, caffeine and the combination of caffeine + beta-alanine caused an acute IOP rise (p = .009 and .004, respectively), whereas beta-alanine and placebo intake did not affect IOP levels (p = .802 in both cases). OPP levels were not influenced by the ingestion of any supplement (p = .801), whereas MAP exhibited a significant increase after 30 min of ingesting 200 mg of caffeine (p = .012). After resistance training, there was an acute reduction of IOP, OPP, and MAP levels (p .272). These findings show that beta-alanine (3 g) did not alter IOP, OPP, and MAP levels in resting conditions and after resistance training. Therefore, beta-alanine supplementation is a safe alternative when avoiding fluctuations of the ocular and cardiovascular hemodynamics is desirable (i.e., glaucoma patients or hypertensive individuals)