Repositorio Institucional UCSC (Univ. Católica de la Santísima Concepción)
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Metformin in offspring of mothers with gestational diabetes: Underlying mechanisms and metabolic programming
Get PDFDesign and validation of a questionnaire on digital competence in teacher training
Get PDFEl desarrollo de la competencia digital (CD) constituye un eje central en la formación inicial docente (FID), dada la necesidad de responder a los retos educativos en un contexto marcado por la digitalización y la irrupción de la inteligencia artificial generativa (IAG). La evaluación de la CD es un factor estratégico para orientar decisiones institucionales y actualizar planes de estudio en carreras de educación. El objetivo de este estudio fue diseñar y validar un instrumento de evaluación de la CD para estudiantes de FID en cuatro universidades del sur de Chile. Se desarrolló un cuestionario interactivo a partir de marcos internacionales (ISTE, UNESCO, DigCompEdu), que fue sometido a validación de contenido por expertos, entrevistas cognitivas y prueba piloto. La muestra final incluyó 309 estudiantes. Los resultados evidencian validez de constructo y consistencia interna adecuada (α = .73; ω = .74). Se concluye que el cuestionario es pertinente para diagnosticar niveles de CD en estudiantes de FID y puede ser adaptado a nuevos desafíos educativos, como la integración de la IAG
The effect of velocity-based resistance training (VBT) on lower-limb strength performance in male collegiate boxers: a randomized controlled trial
Get PDFBackground: Boxing performance heavily relies on lower-limb strength and power. Velocity-based resistance training (VBT), which adjusts load and repetition volume using real-time velocity feedback, may provide a more individualized and effective approach compared to traditional percentage-based training (PBT). However, its long-term effect on boxing-specific performance outcomes remains underexplored.
Methods: Twenty-eight male collegiate boxers were randomly assigned to a VBT group (n = 14) or a PBT group (n = 14) for an 8-week training program. Both groups performed four sets of each exercise (back squat, Bulgarian split-squat, and deadlift) at 70% of their one-repetition maximum (1RM). The VBT group performed a flexible number of repetitions until their velocity dropped below a 10% threshold, whereas the PBT group consistently performed sets of 5 repetition. Pre- and post-intervention assessments included 1RM strength, countermovement jump (CMJ) height, standing long jump (SLJ) distance, and 30 m sprint run time.
Results: All dependent variables demonstrated significant main effects of “time” (p < 0.001; averaged Hedges’ g = 0.44 for VBT group and 0.23 for PBT group). Notably, significant “time” × “group” interactions were observed for the CMJ, SLJ, and 30 m sprint run (p ≤ 0.038), whereas no significant interactions were found for 1RM strength measures across exercises (p ≥ 0.163). Furthermore, when comparing the magnitude of changes between groups, the VBT group exhibited small effect size improvements in CMJ height (Hedges’ g = 0.41), SLJ distance (Hedges’ g = 0.56), and 30 m sprint time (Hedges’ g = 0.51). In contrast, all other variables only showed trivial (Hedges’ g < 0.20) differences between groups.
Conclusion: Both training programs led to comparable improvements in maximal strength (1RM) across exercises. However, VBT was more effective than PBT in enhancing performance in high-velocity tasks such as vertical and horizontal jumps and sprinting. These findings support the use of VBT to optimize neuromuscular adaptations relevant to explosive actions in male collegiate boxers
Propiedad intelectual en Chile 2025, a 30 años de aprobarse el Acuerdo sobre los ADPIC
Get PDFEl Acuerdo sobre los Aspectos de los Derechos de Propiedad Intelectual relacionados con el Comercio (ADPIC), contribuyó esencialmente a la globalización de la propiedad intelectual y su impacto sigue vigente, aún 30 años después de firmarse dicho tratado. Es así como en Chile, el Acuerdo sobre los ADPIC rige desde el año 2000 y ha implicado una verdadera transformación y modernización gradual de las normas de propiedad intelectual, tanto de derechos de autor como de propiedad industrial, que el presente artículo expone a través de los hitos más relevantes.
Con ayuda de tablas sinópticas, se ilustran de forma clara y sencilla las características más relevantes del Acuerdo sobre los ADPIC, y posteriormente del derecho chileno de propiedad intelectual. Estos cuadros comparativos muestran los criterios distintivos de cada uno de los derechos de propiedad industrial (marcas, los distintos tipos de patentes, indicaciones geográficas y secretos comerciales) y luego del derecho de autor y derechos conexos. El objetivo es presentar en forma clara, rápida y comprimida el estado y la situación actual del sistema de propiedad intelectual en Chile y de sus categorías
A Bi-Level Nash Bargaining Model for Electricity Trading Among Microgrids With Endogenous Nodal Prices
No full textDetermining a fair trading price is challenging, and this complexity is further heightened in power systems as the price must consider network constraints, fluctuating and endogenous electricity prices, and generation cost. This paper proposes a novel Nash-in-Stackelberg model designed to coordinate a collection of independently operated microgrids. Within this framework, the microgrids engage in a bargaining game to collectively decide a fair trading price as well as other operational decisions. We use the Nash bargaining solution (NBS) to model this interaction. Microgrids’ trading decisions impact the locational marginal prices of the main power grid. Hence, a Stackelberg game is used to determine these prices. The Stackelberg model considers microgrids as leaders (upper-level problem) and the independent system operator as follower (lower-level problem). The NBS guarantees a fair allocation of the generated profit based on individual characteristics of the microgrids. In specific, in scenarios of higher generation, we achieve a cost reduction of 904 per microgrid compared with a grand coalition where only one microgrid receives the total cost reduction ( $ 1788). Also we noticed that increasing the amount of solar-generated electricity reduces the nodal price in 1.53% and consequently the trading price in 1.27%
Climate-driven changes in freshwater inputs to a Northern patagonia Fjord and overfishing of wild mussel seed could threaten Chilean mussel farming
No full textChile is the world’s leading exporter of farmed mussels, with an annual harvest of about 400,000 tonnes; this production is based on the capture of wild seeds, the availability of which may be threatened by climate change and overfishing. Climate change has led to a decrease in annual precipitation, which increases the salinity of the water column and may affect the vertical distribution of mussel populations in fjords. In Reloncaví Fjord, Chile, observed changes in precipitation are reducing freshwater inputs, leading to potential shifts in the habitat and distribution of the economically important Chilean mussel (Mytilus chilensis) and a competing species, Aulacomya atra. This study analyses the vertical dynamics of mussel beds in relation to changing environmental conditions, including freshwater inputs, salinity and hydrological regimes in a fjord exploited for mussel seed collection. The results suggest that decreasing trends in precipitation could lead to increased surface salinity, reducing M. chilensis beds while favouring A. atra, with negative consequences for wild seed collection, thus threatening the Chilean mussel farming industry and predicting socio-economic consequences for small-scale aquaculture. This study also describes the increasing fishing pressure on wild mussel larvae, suggesting joint effects that cannot be disentangled with the information currently available and that represent a key challenge for the design of adaptation measures to climate change. Therefore, this study highlights the need for better monitoring of mussel beds together with seed production and oceanographic conditions, as well as improving aquaculture practices that reduce unnecessary pressure on mussel beds through seed collection in the face of changing environmental conditions
Cluster analysis on ball recovery and handling from top 5 European leagues reveals emerging tactical patterns in soccer
No full textAlthough playing styles in soccer have been widely studied—both qualitatively and quantitatively—the identification of emergent patterns resulting from the combination of these playing styles has not yet been addressed through a quantitative approach. Applying cluster analysis based on performance indicators related only to ball recovery and ball handling from 1826 matches in 98 teams across the top five European leagues, we propose three game models associated with different combinations of defensive and attacking strategies. High-block recovery with sustained possession (game model 1, 20 teams), medium-block recovery with a direct attacking approach (game model 2, 33 teams), and low-block recovery with a counterattacking strategy (game model 3, 45 teams). Significant differences in ball handling and recovery were observed between models (p ≤ 0.05). Teams employing game model 1 achieved more points per match (1.94 ± 0.4) and qualified more frequently for international tournaments, whereas teams employing game model 3 recorded fewer points per match (1.10 ± 0.28) and more relegations. The Bundesliga dominated by game models 2 (39%) and 3 (44%), exhibited the most balanced representation of game models, while Ligue 1 had the most diverse prevalence of models (35%, 5%, and 60%). This study provides a novel methodological perspective by focusing on emerging playing patterns (models), encompassing playing styles and supporting the adaptation of tactical preparation and player profiling selection according to the characteristics of the opponent
Women’s challenges in Chilean neoliberal academia: academic workload and its impact on work-life balance
No full textIn this article we analyse the challenges women in senior positions face during their academic careers in Chile. Forty-eight senior professors from seven Chilean universities were interviewed in-depth. The results showed that it is challenging for these women to balance the activities of academic work, i.e. teaching, research, service, and management work, in a context marked by neoliberalism. Female professors experienced an over-assignment of teaching and service work. Due to the importance assigned to scientific productivity in Chile’s neoliberal academia, the women interviewed took on additional work and personal sacrifice compared to their male counterparts, which required them to use their personal time to engage in more valued activities. Consequently, senior female professors had careers characterized by a high workload and, thus, experienced conflicts of conciliation between academic work and personal lives. Therefore, the way academic duties are assigned had repercussions on these women’s professional careers and personal lives
Occurrence of Intersex in the Marine Mussel Perumytilus purpuratus (Mollusca: Bivalvia): Does Gonadal Parasitism Play a Role?
Get PDFIntersexuality is a reproductive phenomenon that occurs in some gonochoric species and refers to the simultaneous presence of both male and female gametes within the same individual. Although this phenomenon has been reported in various invertebrate species, many aspects remain poorly understood, especially in marine mussels. However, it has been suggested that the prevalence of parasites within populations could induce the occurrence of intersex animals. We studied intersexuality in the marine mollusk Perumytilus purpuratus, a key species of the rocky intertidal zone on the southeastern coast of the Pacific Ocean. A total of 6472 mussels from eight locations in northern and southern Chile were analyzed. We estimated the size of the specimens, the sex ratio of the population, and the prevalence of parasites. Additionally, we examined the germ cells of intersex mussels. The results showed that the male-to-female sex ratio (1:1) was maintained in the populations. Intersex mussels were found in six of the eight locations, representing 0.19% of the mussels analyzed. However, no parasites were found in the intersex animals. Additionally, the abundance of intersex individuals was not correlated with parasitism levels in the population. In intersex mussels, the gonadal tissue was compartmentalized, with male and female germ cells remaining separate. It is concluded that intersexuality in Perumytilus purpuratus is a low-frequency reproductive phenomenon, likely resulting from an alteration in the sex determination mechanism. Intersexuality offers a valuable opportunity to explore the biological aspects of sex determination in mussels. Therefore, further research in this area should be pursued
Perception of gender equality and discrimination in Physical Education classes: a case study
Get PDFIntroducción y objetivo: En el ámbito de la actividad física en adolescentes, persisten problemas de igualdad, discriminación y estereotipos de género, escenario donde la Educación Física (EF) no está ajena. Este estudio se propuso evaluar una intervención educativa basada en estrategias metodológicas enfocadas en la promoción de la igualdad de género y la no discriminación en la asignatura de EF en un colegio mixto chileno. Metodología: La intervención tuvo una duración de 8 semanas (16 clases) y se llevó a cabo en dos cursos de secundaria con un total de 49 estudiantes (19 se identificaron con el género femenino y 30 con género masculino) de entre 15 y 16 años. La intervención se centró en fomentar la igualdad de género y modificar prácticas discriminatorias. Para evaluar la intervención se utilizó el Cuestionario de Percepción de Igualdad y Discriminación en Educación Física (CPIDEF), posteriormente se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo e inferencial de pre y post test. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron mejoras en áreas como la distribución equitativa de recursos, pero también revelaron la persistencia de prácticas discriminatorias, particularmente en la percepción del trato diferenciado del profesorado. Conclusiones: El estudio concluye que, aunque hay avances en beneficio de la igualdad de género, persisten desafíos significativos, que requieren una mayor formación y sensibilización del profesorado para propiciar un ambiente igualitario entre los géneros. Además, la investigación sugiere que intervenciones prolongadas y estrategias adaptadas a necesidades específicas de cada género son importantes para fomentar una participación igualitaria en la actividad física