Repositorio Institucional UCSC (Univ. Católica de la Santísima Concepción)
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Revisão sistemática sobre aposentadoria acadêmica na América Latina
Full text linkEsta revisión sistemática de literatura tiene como objetivo explorar la producción científica en Latinoamérica relacionada a los procesos de jubilación en el contexto de la academia. Para alcanzar este objetivo, esta publicación busca identificar los objetivos de los estudios, describir las metodologías utilizadas y categorizar las trayectorias de jubilación descritas. Para esto se utilizó el modelo PRISMA con publicaciones de los últimos 10 años, junto con un enfoque de 5 puntos claves que hacen referencia a la temporalidad de estas trayectorias (Actitudes, Planificación, Decisión de jubilar, Ajuste y Evaluación). Los resultados muestran que la decisión de jubilar se ve afectada por una serie de factores que promueven este proceso y otros que lo inhiben. Por un lado, se observa con transversalidad en la literatura, que un factor principal inhibiendo la jubilación es la inestabilidad y vulnerabilidad económica. Esto principalmente sustentado en sistemas de seguridad social que no cumplen los requisitos para asegurar una buena calidad de vida en la vejez. Por otro lado, nuevos perfiles propuestos por las instituciones de educación superior suponen altos estándares y una multiplicidad de roles y funciones lo que en muchos casos escapan de las capacidades o sobre exigen a los/as académicos/as
Alianza para el Progreso y Acción Cívica de los Ejércitos chileno y venezolano en la Guerra Fría (1961-1970)
Full text linkEste artículo analiza la relación entre la Alianza para el Progreso y los programas de Acción Cívica de los Ejércitos chileno y venezolano durante la Guerra Fría, período 1961-1970. Las instituciones armadas de ambos países suramericanos llevaron a cabo distintos planes de contribución a la idea de desarrollo nacional de su época, principalmente enfocados en dos áreas: la instrucción técnica de soldados conscriptos y la construcción de diferentes obras públicas. La investigación se sustenta en la evidencia documental de fuentes primarias de Chile, Venezuela y Estados Unidos, ubicada en revistas militares, memorias oficiales y prensa. En definitiva, los documentos demuestran la participación activa de los dos ejércitos latinoamericanos en tareas específicas de entrenamiento técnico industrial y agropecuario, y también en labores de infraestructura
Dietary Intake of Polyphenols in Adults Residing in Chile: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study
No full textBackground
Polyphenols have been recognized for their protective role against chronic noncommunicable diseases. Despite growing international evidence, studies assessing polyphenol intake in Latin American populations remain scarce, particularly in Chile, where profound nutritional transitions have increased the consumption of ultra-processed foods and the burden of obesity and cardiovascular disease.
Objective
This study aimed to quantify dietary polyphenol intake in the Chilean adult population using a validated self-reported food frequency questionnaire.
Methods
A descriptive cross-sectional design was conducted in 521 adults aged ≥18 years, residing in different Chilean macrozones. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle data were collected, and polyphenol intake was estimated.
Results
The mean age of participants was 33.3 ± 10.1 years, with a predominance of women. The average daily intake of polyphenols was 1634.9 ± 1168.6 mg/d, with higher, though non-significant, consumption observed among women, rural residents, and individuals from the northern macrozone. Age-stratified analysis showed that men ≥30 years consumed significantly more polyphenols than younger men.
Conclusion
Fruits represented the main dietary source, followed by coffee and tea, while wine and cider contributed minimally
Understanding the use of physical computing in K-12 education: A systematic literature review
No full textPhysical computing is a field that involves the use of sensors, actuators, and microcontrollers to build systems that interact with the environment. This approach has been used in education, particularly to teach computer science, programming, computational thinking, and design concepts. This systematic review explores the use of physical computing in K-12 education, with a focus on what educational interventions are like, how they are assessed, their effects, and how students experience them. We included 43 scientific studies that describe the methodology and assessment process used in the intervention. We found that physical computing interventions have three types of expected educational outcomes: to learn physical computing itself, to improve other learning outcomes, or to improve attitudinal variables. The interventions use a variety of educational methods to achieve their goals; as well as a variety of instruments to measure outcomes. A common lesson structure has emerged, widely adopted across classrooms, including a short lecture followed by a hands-on phase, usually including teamwork to foster collaboration. Further comparative and long-term studies are needed to understand how physical computing interventions affect students, especially those who are underrepresented
Symplectic Reeb atlas and determination of periodic solutions in perturbed isotropic n-oscillators
No full textWe construct a symplectic atlas adapted to the flow action of an uncoupled isotropic n-oscillator, referred to as the Reeb atlas. In the context of Reeb's Theorem for Hamiltonian systems with symmetry, these variables are very useful for finding periodic orbits and determining their stability in perturbed harmonic oscillators. These variables separate orbits, meaning they are in bijective correspondence with the set of orbits. Hence, they are especially suited for determining the exact number of periodic solutions via reduction and averaging methods. Moreover, for an arbitrary polynomial perturbation, we provide lower and upper bounds for the number of periodic orbits according to the degree of the perturbation
Use of Digital Technologies to Support Socioemotional Teacher Training: A Systematic Review
Full text linkSeveral studies in the educational field have explored the use of digital technologies and how they promote the strengthening of socioemotional competencies. However, most of these studies have focused on students, leaving their application to teachers in the background. This systematic review identifies and analyzes studies on the application of digital tools aimed at strengthening the socioemotional competencies of teachers in order to answer the following question: What digital technologies have been implemented to support the socioemotional development of teachers in educational settings and what are their results? The study followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, based on the identification of research in the ERIC, EBSCO, OpenAlex, Sciencedirect, Scopus, PubMed, arXiv, and Google Scholar databases. Out of 451 research studies identified in an observation window open to any year, 57 studies were selected for analysis. The digital technologies reviewed to strengthen teachers’ socioemotional competencies were grouped into three categories: self-reflection tools (65%), such as digital diaries and blogs; intentional emotional development technologies (68%), such as virtual reality and gamification; and collaborative platforms (37%), such as social networks. Their use evidenced the development of CASEL model competencies: self-awareness and responsible decision-making (86%), self-regulation (81%), social awareness (58%) and relational skills (68%). It is recommended to integrate these technologies in an intentional and contextualized way in teacher training, in order to enhance their well-being, emotional preparation, and prosperity even in the midst of current educational challenges
Coordinated Truck Loading and Routing Problem: A Forestry Logistics Case Study
Full text linkThis study addresses a real-world logistics problem in forestry operations: the distribution of plants from cultivation centers to planting sites under strict delivery time windows and limited depot resources. We introduce the Coordinated Truck Loading and Routing Problem (CTLRP), an extension of the classical Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (VRPTW) that integrates routing decisions with truck loading schedules at a single depot with constrained capacity. To solve this NP-hard problem, we develop a metaheuristic algorithm based on Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), enhanced with a global memory system and a novel stochastic return rule that allows trucks to return to the depot when additional deliveries are suboptimal. Parameter calibration experiments are conducted to determine optimal values for the return probability and ant population size. The algorithm is tested on a real forestry dispatch scenario over six working days. The results show that an Ant Colony System (ACS–CTLRP) algorithm reduces total distance traveled by 23%, travel time by 22%, and the number of trucks used by 13 units, while increasing fleet utilization from 54% to 83%. These findings demonstrate that the proposed method significantly outperforms current company planning and offers a transferable framework for depot-constrained routing problems in time-sensitive distribution environments
Dumping Syndrome After Bariatric Surgery: Advanced Nutritional Perspectives and Integrated Pharmacological Management
Full text linkDumping Syndrome (DS) is a significant complication following bariatric surgery, particularly Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). This condition is characterised by gastrointestinal and vasomotor symptoms resulting from altered anatomy and hormonal dysregulation, notably accelerated gastric emptying and an exaggerated release of gut peptides. Based on the timing of symptom onset after food ingestion, DS is classified as early (EDS) or late (LDS). The critical roles of peptides such as GLP-1, GIP, insulin, and YY peptide are highlighted, along with the involvement of neuroendocrine pathways in symptom manifestation. Diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical evaluation and dynamic testing, with the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) often considered a key reference standard for diagnosis. Initial management involves dietary modifications, emphasising the glycaemic index of foods and meal distribution. In cases where nutritional interventions are insufficient, pharmacotherapy with agents such as acarbose, somatostatin analogues (octreotide and pasireotide), GLP-1 receptor agonists (liraglutide), calcium channel blockers (verapamil), and emerging therapies, including herbal medicine, may be considered. For refractory cases, surgical options like bypass reversal or partial pancreatectomy are reserved, although their efficacy can be variable. Despite advancements in understanding and treating DS, further large-scale, randomised controlled trials are essential to validate novel strategies and optimise long-term management. This review provides an updated and comprehensive overview of the aetiology, pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnostic approaches, and current management strategies for DS
Exploring body composition and physical condition profiles in relation to playing time in professional soccer: a principal components analysis and Gradient Boosting approach
Full text linkBackground: This study aimed to explore whether a predictive model based on body composition and physical condition could estimate seasonal playing time in professional soccer players.
Methods: 24 professional soccer players with 5–7 years of professional experience participated. Body composition and physical condition variables were assessed, and total minutes played during the season were recorded as the dependent variable. Correlations between variables were examined to reduce multicollinearity, followed by a principal component analysis (PCA) of the selected predictors. The first three components were used as inputs in a Gradient Boosting model. Model performance was evaluated using 5-fold cross-validation and leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV).
Results: High intercorrelations among independent variables (r > 0.70) justified dimensionality reduction through PCA. The first three components explained 70% of the total variance. However, no direct correlations were observed between individual variables and minutes played, and the Gradient Boosting model did not achieve positive predictive performance under cross-validation (5-fold CV: R2 = −0.04; LOOCV: R2 < 0).
Conclusion: In this small dataset, a multivariate approach combining PCA and Gradient Boosting did not yield predictive accuracy for playing time. Nonetheless, the PCA revealed meaningful structures in the players’ physical and body composition profiles, which may inform future research. Larger and more heterogeneous samples are required to determine whether component-based predictors can reliably estimate playing time in professional soccer
Embodied activity enhances young children’s STEM comprehension and vocabulary acquisition
No full textWe investigated whether congruent action while reading informational texts about physics improves science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) vocabulary learning and reading comprehension. Second- and third-grade Spanish-speaking children (N = 216) were randomly assigned to one of five conditions implementing forms of Embodied-Action or Read-Only no-action conditions. In the three Embodied-Action conditions: (a) children individually read and moved images on an iPad screen to simulate the meaning of the sentences; or (b) children read and moved images and an intelligent tutoring system updated a vocabulary page depending on how often children tapped on target words in the text; or (c) the experimenter and children both read aloud and used whole-body pantomime to mimic the actions presented in the text. In the two Read-Only no-action conditions: (d) children individually read the text on the iPad, but did not perform any movement of the images on the screen; or (e) the experimenter and children read the text aloud together but did not perform any pantomime. Our results show that both types of Embodied Action (using screen or pantomime) significantly enhanced informational text comprehension and STEM-related vocabulary learning relative to the Read-Only no-action conditions. Our findings support the effectiveness of incorporating embodied action, whether or not technology is used. Teachers can easily implement action-based vocabulary and reading comprehension strategies in their classrooms