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Retroalimentación efectiva basada en inteligencia artificial generativa. Criterios de evaluación para la escritura de casos pedagógicos
No full textEn este documento de trabajo presentamos criterios preestablecidos para la evaluación con propósito de retroalimentación descriptiva de textos de respuesta a casos pedagógicos, producidos por estudiantes de la asignatura Ética Profesional Docente de la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad Autónoma de Chile. Para ello, hemos descrito tres criterios que permiten observar la calidad de tal escritura. El primero, Silueta de respuesta a un caso, verifica la presencia de partes o secciones que debe mínimamente poseer el texto. Del mismo modo, se describe la extensión mínima y máxima
requerida para este propósito. Los otros dos criterios (Calidad de la propuesta de resolución del caso y Calidad de la comunicación escrita) son descriptivos, y su calidad está ponderada en las rúbricas que se proveen más abajo.
La retroalimentación entregada a los estudiantes debe considerar las descripciones provistas en las rúbricas. Algunas de ellas pueden manifestar calidad de escritura de distinto tipo, por lo que pueden poseer características de dos niveles distintos, dependiendo de las dimensiones de cada criterio.
Estas rúbricas constituyen el núcleo del prompt con el que se ha alimentado al sistema piloto llamado RECAP-GPT (retroalimentación de casos pedagógicos basada en Transformador Generativo Preentrenado). Este permite entregar feedback descriptivo automatizado e individual a las respuestas de casos pedagógicos escritas por estos estudiantes durante el
semestre de primavera de 2023
Actividad física auto-reportada, tiempo de pantalla y su asociación con calidad de sueño y calidad de vida en estudiantes de Pedagogía en Educación Física durante la pandemia del COVID-19: Un estudio transversal
No full textThe aim of the study was to study the association between self-reported physical activity levels and screen exposure time with sleep quality and quality of life of Physical Education Pedagogy students during a period of a hybrid modality of classes associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach was developed. Between August and November 2021, an online form was applied to 88 undergraduate physical education students, from Santiago, Chile. They were asked about screen time, level of physical activity and sedentary behavior (IPAQ); sleep quality (PSQI), and quality of life (WHOQoL-BREF). Statistical analysis of the data was performed using SPSS version 26. 72.7% of the participants reported high levels of physical activity. Likewise, a median of 620 min/day of screen time during the workweek, 350 min/day in the evening/night hours of the workweek, and 540 min/day during the weekend were recorded. No statistically significant correlations were observed between physical activity and the variables of quality of life and quality of sleep. There was a statistically significant correlation between workweek screen time and PSQI (r = -0.246). Likewise, daily workweek screen time during the evening/night presented a statistically significant correlation with PSQI score, and the domains of "physical health" and "social relations" from the quality of life. In a hybrid period of classes, only screen time, particularly in the evening/evening hours, was associated with lower sleep quality and alteration in certain quality of life domains in Physical Education students. © Copyright: Federación Española de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educación Física (FEADEF).Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Manual de prevención del suicidio en el contexto escolar: estudiantes
No full textEn esta guía, serán abordados en profundidad factores de riesgo tales como el acoso
escolar, autolesiones y consumo de drogas.
Además, se incluye un protocolo de acción
preventivo donde se especifican fuentes de
ayuda comunitaria y actividades reflexivas
para estudiantes
Micro-CT evaluation of bone grow concept of an implant with microstructured backtaper crestally and sub-crestally placed. Preliminary study in New Zealand rabbits tibia at one month
No full textThe primary purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) as a novel tool for the 3D analysis of bone density around dental implants in tibia rabbits. Six male New Zealand rabbits were used in our evaluation. One Copa SKY (R) (Bredent Medical GmbH & Co. K.G.) with a 3.5 mm diameter by 8.0 mm in length was placed within 12 tibia rabbits divided into two experimental groups: Group A (crestal placement) and Group B (sub-crestal placement). The animals were sacrificed at four weeks. Micro-CT evaluations showed a high amount of bone around all implants in the tibia rabbit bone. There was an increased formation of bone around the Copa SKY implants, mainly in the implants that were placed crestally. The most frequent density found in most implants was a medullary bone formation surrounding the implant; the density three (D3) was the most common type in all implants. The 3D model analysis revealed a mean bone volume (B.V.) of 31.24 +/- 1.24% in crestal implants compared with the 43.12 +/- 0.43% in sub-crestal implants. The mean actual contact implant to bone (B.I.C.) in the sub-crestal group was 51.76 +/- 0.86%, compared to the 42.63 +/- 0.75% in the crestal group. Compared to crestal implants, the Copa Sky implant placed sub-crestally allows for the formation of bone on top of the neck, thereby stimulating bone growth in tibia rabbits.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
The Ethics of Fractional-Reserve Banking System: A Private Property Rights Approach
No full textIt is generally stated that the fractional-reserve banking system (FRBS) is consistent with sustainable economic growth and development. While it assumes that depositors will not be a joint demand who will claim all their money simultaneously, it supposes that a monetary aggregate greater than the monetary base will not harm economic performance. However, the FRBS’s call to central banks casts doubt on the sustainability argument and its ethical support. This article explores the FRBS from the ethics of private property, proving a radically different course to promote sustainable economic growth and development. After reviewing and discussing the ethics of private property for the FRBS and its call for central banks, the case of fiat inflation and business cycles clarifies the narrow relationship between ethics and sustainability. These findings are applied to some modern ethical dilemmas around the FRBS, proving novel avenues for policy reform and research opportunities. © 2023 by the authors.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Dies irae: ¿Por qué las democracias liberales no logran domesticar la ira y la violencia?
No full textThe 21st century has been marked by countless street protests in different regions of the world that have been unleashed by dissimilable political circumstances. The article has two objectives: first, to propose the political emotions of rage, resentment and desire for recognition as interpretative categories of expressions of citizen dissatisfaction vis-à-vis contemporary politics. Secondly, to warn that the inability of liberal democracies to domesticate violence is one of the greatest failures of political modernity. Thus, from the critical reading of the most relevant contemporary political philosophers in the Western sphere, both objectives will show that the crisis of liberal democracies and capitalism has structural roots and demand the reinvention of the triumphant paradigm in 1989 known as the End of History. © 2023 Departamento de Literatura Española-Universidad de Sevilla. All rights reserved.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Use of Chitosan from Southern King Crab to Develop Films Functionalized with RGD Peptides for Potential Tissue Engineering Applications
No full textSouthern King Crab (SKC) represents an important fishery resource that has the potential to be a natural source of chitosan (CS) production. In tissue engineering, CS is very useful to generate biomaterials. However, CS has a lack of signaling molecules that facilitate cell–substrate interaction. Therefore, RGD (arginine–glycine–aspartic acid) peptides corresponding to the main integrin recognition site in extracellular matrix proteins have been used to improve the CS surface. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro cell adhesion and proliferation of CS films synthesized from SKC shell wastes functionalized with RGD peptides. The FTIR spectrum of CS isolated from SKC shells (SKC-CS) was comparable to commercial CS. Thermal properties of films showed similar endothermic peaks at 53.4 and 53.0 °C in commercial CS and SKC-CS, respectively. The purification and molecular masses of the synthesized RGD peptides were confirmed using HPLC and ESI-MS mass spectrometry, respectively. Mouse embryonic fibroblast cells showed higher adhesion on SKC-CS (1% w/v) film when it was functionalized with linear RGD peptides. In contrast, a cyclic RGD peptide showed similar adhesion to control peptide (RDG), but the highest cell proliferation was after 48 h of culture. This study shows that functionalization of SKC-CS films with linear or cyclic RGD peptides are useful to improve effects on cell adhesion or cell proliferation. Furthermore, our work contributes to knowledge of a new source of CS to synthesize constructs for tissue engineering applications. © 2023 by the authors.Basal funding for Scientific and Technological Center of Excellence; IMPACT, (210024); Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, UTFSM; Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, ANID, (PIA/APOYO AFB220004)Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Integrating stakeholders' inputs to co-design climate resilience adaptation measures in Mediterranean areas with conflicts between wetland conservation and intensive agriculture
No full textDesigning sustainable management strategies in groundwater-dependent socio-economic systems in areas with scarce water resources and protected wetlands is a challenging issue. The high vulnerability of these systems to droughts will be exacerbated even further under future climate change (CC) and socio-economic scenarios. A novel integrated bottom-up/top-down approach is used to identify “climate resilient pathways”, from which to co-design adaptation strategies to reduce the impact of potential future CC and socio-economic scenarios. The approach followed two steps (1) the generation of local CC and socio-economic scenarios by downscaling global/regional climate models and (2) the identification and assessment of potential adaptation strategies through an iterative bottom-up/top-down approach. Top-down assessments of the impact of CC have been undertaken by propagating local scenarios within a chain of mathematical models based on expert criteria/assumptions. This allowed us to analyse of the physical vulnerability of the system under different potential CC and socio-economic scenarios by simulating them with a sequential modelling of rainfall–recharge, agriculture, and hydrological processes through a distributed groundwater finite difference model. These model results were discussed with the stakeholders at a first workshop, which aimed to identify potential adaptation strategies. The influence of the adaptation strategies on the future hydrological status was assessed by simulating them through the chain of models. These results were the inputs into the discussions at a second workshop, which aimed to validate and/or improve the results of the first workshop. The methodology was applied in the Upper Guadiana River Basin, where there is a long-standing conflict between wetland conservation and groundwater overexploitation for intensive agriculture. The future horizon 2016–2045 is analysed with the scenarios compatible with the emission scenario RCP4.5. The research has allowed us to conclude that groundwater pumping reduction would be the most robust and effective measure to reduce the impact of CC in the area.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Food insecurity and subjective cognitive complaints among adults aged ≥ 65 years from low- and middle-income countries
No full textPurpose: To date, no study has investigated the association between food insecurity and subjective cognitive complaints (SCC). Thus, the aims of the present study were to examine this association among older adults in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and to identify the potential mediators in this association, given the importance of SCC in dementia risk among older people, and the projected particularly large increase in dementia in this setting. Methods: Cross-sectional, community-based, nationally representative data from the World Health Organization (WHO) Study on global AGEing and Adult Health (SAGE) collected between 2007 and 2010 were analyzed. Two questions on subjective memory and learning complaints in the past 30 days were used to create a SCC scale ranging from 0 (No SCC) to 100 (worse SCC). Past 12 month food insecurity was assessed with two questions on frequency of eating less and hunger due to lack of food. Multivariable linear regression and mediation (Karlson–Holm–Breen method) analyses were conducted to assess associations. Results: Data on 14,585 individuals aged ≥ 65 years [mean (SD) age 72.6 (11.5) years; 55.0% females] were analyzed. Severe food insecurity (vs. no food insecurity) was associated with 9.16 (95% CI = 6.95–11.37) points higher mean SCC score. Sleep/energy (mediated% 37.9%; P < 0.001), perceived stress (37.2%; P = 0.001), and depression (13.7%; P = 0.008) partially explained the association between severe food insecurity and SCC. Conclusion: Food insecurity was associated with SCC among older adults in LMICs. Future studies should assess whether addressing food insecurity among older adults in LMICs can improve cognitive health. © 2023, The Author(s).National Institute on Aging, NIA, (OGHA 04034785, R01-AG034479, R21-AG034263, Y1-AG-1005–01, YA1323–08-CN-0020); European Commission, ECUniversidad Autónoma de Chil
Impact of adapted taekwondo vs. multicomponent training on health status in independent older women: a randomized controlled trial
No full textThis study, called the TKD and Aging Project, aimed to analyze and compare the effects of an adapted taekwondo program concerning multicomponent training on blood pressure, morphological variables, food consumption frequency, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), physical fitness, handgrip strength, and postural balance in independent older women. A randomized controlled trial study was conducted with parallel groups for 8 weeks (24 sessions of 60 min each), employing a double-blind design and incorporating repeated measures. Twenty-eight older women initially participated in the intervention. Three participants were excluded because they did not participate in the re-assessments. Thus, 14 older women from the adapted taekwondo group (TKD; age: 62.86 ± 2.38 years) and 11 from the multicomponent training group (MCT; age: 63.18 ± 1.94 years) participated in the final analysis. A two-factor mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) model with repeated measures was performed to measure the time × group effect. The TKD showed significant improvements in the mental health (p = 0.024; ES = 0.91) and general health (p < 0.001; ES = 0.75) dimensions of the HRQoL, as well as in the chair stand (p = 0.001; ES = 1.18), arm curl (p < 0.001; ES = 2.10), 2-min step (p < 0.001; ES = 1.73), and chair sit-and-reach (p = 0.001; ES = 0.91) tests. Additionally, it showed a significant reduction in postural balance for the eyes-closed condition in the center of the pressure area (p = 0.021; ES = 0.89), mean velocity (p = 0.004; ES = 0.79), and mediolateral velocity (p < 0.001; ES = 1.26). However, the MCT showed significant increases in the general health (p = 0.013; ES = 0.95) dimension of the HRQoL and a significant reduction (p = 0.039; ES = 0.28) in the mediolateral velocity of postural balance for the eyes-closed condition. Multiple comparisons showed that the TKD scored significantly higher in the chair stand (p = 0.017; ES = 1.79), arm curl (p = 0.003; ES = 1.77), and 2-min step (p = 0.018; ES = 0.91) tests than the MCT. Compared to multicomponent training, taekwondo improves postural balance and provides better benefits in terms of physical fitness and HRQoL for older women. Therefore, it is possible to recommend it as a safe physical activity strategy, as long as it is well-dosed, since it showed high adherence to intervention in older women. Copyright © 2023 Valdés-Badilla, Guzmán-Muñoz, Herrera-Valenzuela, Branco, Hernandez-Martinez and Nobari.National Research and Development Agency; Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYT, (11220035)Universidad Autónoma de Chil