Repositorio académico de acceso abierto (Univ. Autonóma de Chile)
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Etnografía del aprendizaje pugilístico en un club deportivo amateur de Temuco (Chile)
No full textThe objective of the article is to characterize and describe the sports logics that involve pugilism in young people who actively participate in the boxing branch of a sports club in the city of Temuco, Chile. For this, ethnography is contemplated as a research method that allows capturing social interactions within the framework of observing the body and visual language of the athletes involved. Among the findings, behaviors are observed that allow sport to be extolled as an activity that promotes selfimprovement, the reconfiguration of bodies according to movements that are carried out against the current of human nature, fatigue and pain as sensations that are certainly censored in the framework training, the role of the coach as a fundamental agent in the cognitive process and the difficulties/advantages involved in practicing a sport where the body is a tool of attack and defense. © Copyright: Federación Española de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educación Física (FEADEF) ISSN: Edición impresa: 1579-1726.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Nuevas tecnologías para acceder a la justicia del consumidor: Diagnóstico de la situación fragmentada en Chile y una propuesta a la luz de la plataforma europea online de resolución de conflictos
No full textThis paper studies the barriers to access to justice for consumers, both in a formal sense, as well as in a broad sense, which considers alternative dispute resolution mechanisms. A diagnosis is made on the use of new technologies in Chile, because it is considered that, in part, they could solve these barriers to access to justice. Finally, the European online platform for conflict resolution is studied as a model to follow. © 2023 Universidad de Chile. All rights reserved.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Mediating Role of Emotional Intelligence in the Relationship between Anxiety Sensitivity and Academic Burnout in Adolescents
No full text(1) Background: Increased stress and study overload during adolescence could be related to academic burnout. Anxiety sensitivity of students seems to affect burnout levels, while emotional intelligence enables emotion management under stressful conditions. The objective of this study is to analyze the roles of anxiety sensitivity and emotional intelligence in academic burnout. (2) Methods: In this quantitative cross-sectional study conducted in Spain, the sample comprised 1287 high school students aged 14 to 18 who filled out the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey, the Spanish version adapted for high school students of the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3, and Brief Emotional Intelligence Inventory. (3) Results: Anxiety sensitivity was significantly higher in cynicism and emotional exhaustion. Furthermore, the mediation analysis showed that high anxiety sensitivity directly affected student exhaustion, cynicism, and efficacy levels. These effects were mediated mainly through stress management but also through the effect of stress management on mood, both emotional intelligence factors. (4) Conclusions: The academic changes that occur during high school hinder engagement and performance. Promoting the development of emotional skills would enable young people to manage their emotions when they become overwhelming and diminish their lack of interest and exhaustion in the classroom. © 2022 by the authors.State Plan for Scientific and Technical Research and Innovation; State Research Program, Development and Innovation Oriented; European Commission, ECUniversidad Autónoma de Chil
Energy Security and the Transition toward Green Energy Production
No full text[No abstract available]Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Bullying and Self-Concept, Factors Affecting the Mental Health of School Adolescents
No full textBullying is an aggressive and repetitive behavior, where one person or several people physically, socially, or emotionally harm a vulnerable person and provokean imbalance of power in a school setting. Several factors such as age, sex, school performance, psychological factors, and ethnicity have been associated with bullying and more are being sought. Thus, the objectives of this study were as follows: (1) analyze the differences in bullying (victimization and aggression) and self-concept (academic, social, emotional, family, and physical) with respect to sex, school location, and educational level among Spanish adolescents; (2) explore the associations of bullying and self-concept with these sociodemographic dimensions. A cross-sectional study was designed with a total of 1155 participants (between 12 and 18 years old); there were 48.8% boys and 51.2% girls, where 75.9% studied compulsory secondary education (CSE) and 24.1% Baccalaureate, and 31.9% were students from rural schools and 68.1% were from urban schools. Medium and inverse correlations were shown between victimization and self-concept at the general level, for both sexes, both types of school, and both educational stages. For the aggression dimension, the correlations with self-concept were inverse at the general level (low), in girls (low), in rural students (medium), and in compulsory secondary education students (medium). For academic self-concept and family self-concept, the associations were medium and inverse with bullying in all variables. For emotional self-concept the correlation with bullying was direct and medium in all variables; in physical self-concept, the correlations with bullying were inverse in almost all variables except in boys. Self-concept may be a protective factor for bullying and interventions should aim at adolescents building a positive multidimensional self-concept that prevents and protects them from bullying either as aggressor or victim. © 2023 by the authors.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Correction to: Ultra-Processed Food Consumption is Associated with Alcoholic Beverage Drinking, Tobacco Smoking, and Illicit Drug Use in Adolescents: A Nationwide Population-Based Study (International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, (2023), 10.1007/s11469-023-01038-6)
No full textOnly two of coauthor José Francisco López-Gil’s three institutional affiliations were provided in the article as published. The additional affiliations are as follows: - Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA. - One Health Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador. © 2023 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Benefits of Adaptive Sport on Physical and Mental Quality of Life in People with Physical Disabilities: A Meta-Analysis
No full textAdaptive sports could produce multiple health benefits in people with physical disabilities. The aim is to evaluate if adaptive sports practice has an influence on physical and mental quality of life. A meta-analysis was performed using electronic databases and other sources. A within- and between-group analysis for physical and mental quality of life was conducted. Standardized mean difference (SMD) was used as a measure of the mean size effect. The statistical heterogeneity, the risk of bias, and the quality of evidence were evaluated. Eight studies met the inclusion criteria and four of them were included in the meta-analysis. In mental quality of life, significant differences were observed in the within-group analysis (SMD = 0.71, p < 0.001) and between people practicing adaptive sports and those not engaging in them (SMD = 0.62, p = 0.009). In physical quality of life, significant differences were also found between pre- and post-practice of adaptive sports (SMD = 1.03, p = 0.007). The engagement in adaptive sports showed a positive impact on the mental quality of life among adults with physical disabilities. However, the positive effect of adaptive sports practice on physical quality of life was shown only in the pre–post-test analysis. Further studies are required to validate the obtained findings. © 2023 by the authors.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Effects on Sleep Quality of Physical Exercise Programs in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
No full textBackground: Given the beneficial effects of exercise in different populations and the close relationship between healthy ageing and sleep quality, our objective was to determine if physical exercise delivered through a structured program improves sleep quality in older adults. Methods: Embase, PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Register of Clinical Trials (CENTRAL) were searched to 15 January 2023. Studies that applied physical exercise programs in older adults were reviewed. Two independent reviewers analysed the studies, extracted the data, and assessed the quality of evidence. Results: Of the 2599 reports returned by the initial search, 13 articles reporting on 2612 patients were included in the data synthesis. The articles used interventions based on yoga (n = 5), multicomponent exercise (n = 3), walking (n = 2), cycling (n = 1), pilates (n = 1), elastic bands (n = 1), and healthy beat acupunch (n = 1). In the intervention group, we found significant improvement in Pittsburgh sleep quality index of −2.49 points (95% CI −3.84 to −1.14) in comparison to the control group (p = 0.0003) and sleep efficiency measured with objective instruments (MD 1.18%, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.50%, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Our results found that physical exercise programs in older adults improve sleep quality and efficiency measured with objective instruments. © 2023 by the authors.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Feed Regime Slightly Modifies the Bacterial but Not the Fungal Communities in the Intestinal Mucosal Microbiota of Cobia Fish (Rachycentron canadum)
No full textThe bacterial community of the intestinal microbiota influences many host functions, and similar effects have been recently reported for the fungal community (mycobiota). Cobia is a tropical fish that has been studied for its potential in marine aquaculture. However, the study of its bacterial community has been underreported and the mycobiota has not been investigated. We analyzed the gut bacterial and fungal profile present in the intestinal mucosa of reared adult cobias fed two diets (frozen fish pieces (FFPs) and formulated feed (FF)) for 4 months by sequencing the 16S rRNA (V3-V4) and internal transcribed spacer-2 (ITS2) regions using Illumina NovaSeq 6000. No significant differences in the alpha diversity of the bacterial community were observed, which was dominated by the phyla Proteobacteria (~96%) and Firmicutes (~1%). Cobia fed FF showed higher abundance of 10 genera, mainly UCG-002 (Family Oscillospiraceae) and Faecalibacterium, compared to cobia fed FFPs, which showed higher abundance of 7 genera, mainly Methylobacterium-Methylorubrum and Cutibacterium. The inferred bacterial functions were related to metabolism, environmental information processing and cellular processes; and no differences were found between diets. In mycobiota, no differences were observed in the diversity and composition of cobia fed the two diets. The mycobiota was dominated by the phyla Ascomycota (~88%) and Basidiomycota (~11%). This is the first study to describe the gut bacterial and fungal communities in cobia reared under captive conditions and fed on different diets and to identify the genus Ascobulus as a new member of the core fish mycobiota. © 2023 by the authors.ANID FONDECYT, (1181499, 3200998); ANID FONDEF, (ID17I10247)Universidad Autónoma de Chil
FIRST DESCRIPTION OF INVERTEBRATE BENTHIC FAUNA IN MIDDLE ZONE OF THE LOA RIVER (CHILE)
No full textAquatic insect communities in inland waters of Chile are characterised by the presence of certain species depending on water quality, but there is little information on statistical ecology in the structure of insect communities. The aim of the present study was to apply null models to explain the structure of aquatic insects in the middle zone of the Loa River, in the Atacama Desert (Antofagasta Region, Chile; 23° S). The results of the null models of species co-occurrence showed that species associations are random, while niche sharing showed that species share ecological niches and consequently there is interspecific competition. The reported taxa are similar to communities for other North Patagonian rivers in terms of community structure. © Publisher Publishing House "Akademperiodyka" of the NAS of Ukraine, 2023.MECESUP; Universidad de AntofagastaUniversidad Autónoma de Chil