Repositorio académico de acceso abierto (Univ. Autonóma de Chile)
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Effectiveness of scapular mobilization in patients with primary adhesive capsulitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textBackground: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of scapular mobilization on range of motion, shoulder disability, and pain intensity in patients with primary adhesive capsulitis (AC). Methods: An electronic search was performed in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, CENTRAL, LILACS, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases up to March 2023. The eligibility criteria for selected studies included randomized clinical trials that included scapular mobilization with or without other therapeutic interventions for range of motion, shoulder disability, and pain intensity in patients older than 18 years with primary AC. Two authors independently performed the search, study selection, and data extraction, and assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool. Results: Six randomized clinical trials met the eligibility criteria. For scapular mobilization versus other therapeutic interventions, there was no significant difference in the effect sizes between groups: the standard mean difference was -0.16 (95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.87 to 0.56; P =.66) for external rotation, -1.01 (95% CI = -2.33 to 0.31; P =.13) for flexion, -0.29 (95% CI = -1.17 to 0.60; P =.52) for shoulder disability, and 0.65 (95% CI = -0.42 to 1.72; P =.23) for pain intensity. Conclusions: Scapular mobilization with or without other therapeutic interventions does not provide a significant clinical benefit regarding active shoulder range of motion, disability, or pain intensity in patients with primary AC, compared with other manual therapy techniques or other treatments; the quality of evidence was very low to moderate according to the grading of recommendation, assessment, development and evaluation approach. © 2023 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Association between Diet and Adiposity in Adults: Influence of Sedentary Behavior Patterns
No full textThis study analyzed the influence of sedentary behavior (SB) on the association between dietary patterns and adiposity in community-dwelling adults. Eight hundred and forty-three adults (age: 56.5 ± 18.3 years) participated in this cross-sectional epidemiological study. Dietary patterns were evaluated using self-report questions regarding the weekly frequency of consumption of certain foods. Adiposity was determined using anthropometric measurements of weight, waist circumference, and height. SB was evaluated according to the time spent on screen devices. The usual physical activity level and socioeconomic status were considered confounding factors. Associations were determined using multivariate linear models with simultaneous adjustments for confounding variables. A statistical analysis indicated that fruit consumption was negatively related to the body mass index, regardless of the adjustment for SB domains. Red meat consumption was positively related to the body mass index, and fried food consumption was positively related to the waist-to-height ratio, regardless of the adjustment for SB domains. The consumption of fried food was positively associated with global and central adiposity after the adjustments for confounding factors and time spent on screen devices. We concluded that dietary habits are related to adiposity in adults. However, SB domains seem to influence the relationship between body adiposity and dietary habits, mainly regarding the consumption of fried foods. © 2023 by the authors.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, FAPESP, (2016/02258-3); Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES, (001); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq, (305886/2022-3); Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESPUniversidad Autónoma de Chil
Correction:Effect of Physical Therapy Modalities on Quality of Life of Head and Neck Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis(J. Clin. Med., (2021), 10, (4696), 10.3390/jcm10204696)
No full textError in Figure In the original publication [1], there was a mistake in Figure 4 as published. Some standard deviations were wrong. The corrected Figure 4 appears below Figure 4. Forest plot presenting the effect of exercise on the improvement of Quality of Life (QoL) measured with different instruments in patients with Head and Neck cancer (HNC) compared with control; pre–post intervention data. Values on x-axis denote Cohen’s d. The diamond illustrates the 95% confidence interval of the pooled effects. Text Correction There was an error in the original publication [1]. Two sentences, one in the summary and one in the results, have an error in the hundredths of some data. A correction has been made to Abstract section, the seventh sentence and Section 3.5, third paragraph The correct text of Abstract section, the seventh sentence is as follows: . . . showing a tendency in favor of intervention group, even when the global results did not show statistically significant improvements (pooled Cohen’s d 0.11; 95% CI: -0.27 to 0.50; I2 42.68%; p heterogeneity = 0.12). The correct text of Section 3.5, third paragraph is as follows: Regarding the data presented, there seems to be a tendency in favor of IG in terms of improvement in QoL after exercise program intervention (pooled Cohen’s d 0.11; 95% CI: -0.27 to 0.50; I2 42.68%; p heterogeneity = 0.12). The authors state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. This correction was approved by the Academic Editor. The original publication has also been updated.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Pangenome Reconstruction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a Guide to Reveal Genomic Features Associated with Strain Clinical Phenotype
No full textTuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of human deaths worldwide caused by infectious diseases. TB infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis can occur in the lungs, causing pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), or in any other organ of the body, resulting in extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). There is no consensus on the genetic determinants of this pathogen that may contribute to EPTB. In this study, we constructed the M. tuberculosis pangenome and used it as a tool to seek genomic signatures associated with the clinical presentation of TB based on its accessory genome differences. The analysis carried out in the present study includes the raw reads of 490 M. tuberculosis genomes (PTB n = 245, EPTB n = 245) retrieved from public databases that were assembled, as well as ten genomes from Mexican strains (PTB n = 5, EPTB n = 5) that were sequenced and assembled. All genomes were annotated and then used to construct the pangenome with Roary and Panaroo. The pangenome obtained using Roary consisted of 2231 core genes and 3729 accessory genes. On the other hand, the pangenome resulting from Panaroo consisted of 2130 core genes and 5598 accessory genes. Associations between the distribution of accessory genes and the PTB/EPTB phenotypes were examined using the Scoary and Pyseer tools. Both tools found a significant association between the hspR, plcD, Rv2550c, pe_pgrs5, pe_pgrs25, and pe_pgrs57 genes and the PTB genotype. In contrast, the deletion of the aceA, esxR, plcA, and ppe50 genes was significantly associated with the EPTB phenotype. Rv1759c and Rv3740 were found to be associated with the PTB phenotype according to Scoary; however, these associations were not observed when using Pyseer. The robustness of the constructed pangenome and the gene–phenotype associations is supported by several factors, including the analysis of a large number of genomes, the inclusion of the same number of PTB/EPTB genomes, and the reproducibility of results thanks to the different bioinformatic tools used. Such characteristics surpass most of previous M. tuberculosis pangenomes. Thus, it can be inferred that the deletion of these genes can lead to changes in the processes involved in stress response and fatty acid metabolism, conferring phenotypic advantages associated with pulmonary or extrapulmonary presentation of TB. This study represents the first attempt to use the pangenome to seek gene–phenotype associations in M. tuberculosis. © 2023 by the authors.CIC-UMSNH; ICTI-Michoacán, (PICIR-021)Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Genetics of Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension in Parkinson’s Disease, Results from a Cross-Sectional In Silico Study
No full textThe genetic basis of Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension (NOH) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been inadequately explored. In a cross-sectional study, we examined the association between NOH and PD-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and mapped their effects on gene expression and metabolic and signaling pathways. Patients with PD, free from pathological conditions associated with OH, and not taking OH-associated medications were included. NOH was defined as per international guidelines. Logistic regression was used to relate SNPs to NOH. Linkage-disequilibrium analysis, expression quantitative trait loci, and enrichment analysis were used to assess the effects on gene expression and metabolic/signaling pathways. We included 304 PD patients in the study, 35 of whom had NOH (11.5%). NOH was more frequent in patients with SNPs in SNCA, TMEM175, FAM47E-STBD1, CCDC62, SCN3A, MIR4696, SH3GL2, and LZTS3/DDRGK1 and less frequent in those with SNPs in ITGA8, IP6K2, SIPA1L2, NDUFAF2. These SNPs affected gene expression associated with the significant hierarchical central structures of the autonomic nervous system. They influenced several metabolic/signaling pathways, most notably IP3/Ca++ signaling, the PKA-CREB pathway, and the metabolism of fatty acids. These findings provide new insights into the pathophysiology of NOH in PD and may provide targets for future therapies. © 2023 by the authors.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Linking public leadership with project management effectiveness: Mediating role of goal clarity and moderating role of top management support
No full textObjective: Grounding on social learning theory (SLT), this study examines the effect of public leadership on project management effectiveness (PME). Further, this study examines the mediating role of goal clarity and moderating role of top management support. Methodology: Hierarchical linear regressions were used to investigate the relationships. PROCESS Hayes (2003) Model 7 was used for the moderation and mediation analysis. The data was collected from 322 Pakistani public sector developmental project employees. Findings: The results show that public leadership positively affects goal clarity (β = 0.049, p < 0.001) and project management effectiveness (0.032, p < 0.001). In addition, goal clarity mediates the association between public leadership and project management effectiveness (0.36, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the strength of the mediated relationship between public leadership and project management effectiveness (via goal clarity) depends on top management support. The indirect effect of public leadership on project management effectiveness is high when top management support is high (compared to low). Conclusion: The role of public leadership contributes significantly to the project's success. The project leader recognises, enlists, and promotes the organisation's core competencies, identifies, corrects, and controls key rigidities, places a high value on goal clarity, and continually lines up procedures with the project's overarching goals. Implications: Public leadership is crucial in project management effectiveness, especially in the public sector, where projects often involve multiple stakeholders, limited resources, and complex regulatory requirements. Effective public leadership ensures that projects are aligned with the organization's mission and goals and carried out efficiently, on time, and within budget. © 2023 The AuthorsUniversidad Autónoma de Chil
Encouraging reflective practice in the teacher education practicum: A dean’s early efforts
No full textThis article presents an analysis of a dean’s early efforts to encourage reflective practice in the teacher education practicum, in consultation with a critical friend. The focus is on the importance of listening and the identification of assumptions underlying practices. The authors met in 2010 in a week-long seminar focused on the practicum in teacher education programs at a university in Santiago, Chile. A long conversation over dinner one evening revealed a significant interest in each other’s perspectives and experiences. Since that time, more than 20 opportunities to visit each other in Chile and in Canada have established an on-going connection for sharing insights as they emerge from experiences in each other’s country. The authors now consider themselves to be life-long critical friends. In April 2021, Rodrigo was appointed as Dean of Education at Universidad Autónoma in Santiago, with an early focus on encouraging reflective practice by all who are involved in the teacher education practicum—student teachers, mentor teachers and faculty supervisors. Tom retired in 2019 after 42 years in teacher education practice and research at Queen’s University, and he continues to explore the complex issue of how people learn to teach. Copyright © 2023 Fuentealba Jara and Russell.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Curvature-induced stabilization and field-driven dynamics of magnetic hopfions in toroidal nanorings
No full textThree dimensional magnetic textures are a cornerstone in magnetism research. In this work, we analyze the stabilization and dynamic response of a magnetic hopfion hosted in a toroidal nanoring with intrinsic Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction simulating FeGe. Our results evidence that unlike their planar counterparts, where perpendicular magnetic anisotropies are necessary to stabilize hopfions, the shape anisotropy originated on the torus symmetry naturally yields the nucleation of these topological textures. We also analyze the magnetization dynamical response by applying a magnetic field pulse to differentiate among several magnetic patterns. Finally, to understand the nature of spin wave modes, we analyze the spatial distributions of the resonant mode amplitudes and phases and describe the differences among bulk and surface modes. Importantly, hopfions lying in toroidal nanorings present a non-circularly symmetric poloidal resonant mode, which is not observed in other systems hosting hopfions.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
From Psychologization to Therapization of Education: The Implementation of Social and Emotional Learning Policies in Chile
No full textThe discourse on mental health has strongly permeated educational spaces, evidenced by the proliferation of policies and initiatives related to Social and Emotional Learning, which urgently emphasizes socioemotional development and works towards the psychological and subjective well-being of students. This article aims to conduct an analysis of the concept of therapization as a specific strategy of psychologization. These concepts will be explored based on the notion of a (psycho)therapeutic device, using data from two research projects where education professionals responsible for implementing Social and Emotional Learning policies in Chilean schools were interviewed. Through a theoretical/empirical integration, the goal is to discuss the concept of therapization as a phenomenon from which mental health prevention strategies emerge. This is based on the development of a device that normalizes a particular way of experiencing emotionality and one's vulnerability.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Threshold effect for probabilistic entanglement swapping
No full textThe basic entanglement swapping protocol allows to project two qubits, which have never interacted, onto a maximally entangled state. For deterministic swapping, the key ingredient is the maximal entanglement that was initially contained in two pairs of qubits and the capacity of projecting onto a Bell basis. Thus the basic and deterministic entanglement swapping scheme involves three maximal level of entanglement. In this work we propose probabilistic entanglement swapping processes performed with different amounts of initial entanglement. Besides that we suggest a non Bell measuring-basis, to introduce a third entanglement level in the process. Additionally, we propose the unambiguous state extraction scheme as the local mechanism for probabilistically achieving the EPR projection. The combination of these three elements allows us to design four strategies for performing probabilistic entanglement swapping. Surprisingly, we find a twofold entanglement threshold effect related to the concurrence of the measuring-basis. Specifically, the maximal probability of accomplishing a EPR projection becomes a constant for concurrences higher than or equal to threshold entanglement value. Thus, we show that maximal entanglement in the measuring-basis is not required for attaining the EPR projection. © 2023Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst, DAADUniversidad Autónoma de Chil