Repositorio académico de acceso abierto (Univ. Autonóma de Chile)
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Niveles de actividad física y tiempo sedente en personas mayores con fragilidad: resultados de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2016-2017
No full textBackground: fragility is characterized by loss of biological reserves and vulnerability to adverse outcomes. An intervention with beneficial effects on the prevention and management of frailty is the regular practice of physical activity (PA). Objective: to determine the association between levels of PA, sedentary time and frailty in older Chileans by sex. Methodology: 232 people over 60 years of age from the metropolitan region participating in the National Health Survey 2016-2017 were included. Frailty was assessed based on the Fried Phenotype Scale criteria and PA level and sedentary time with the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ v2). The association between levels of PA with the different states of frailty was investigated with linear regression analysis. Results and conclusion: elderly people with frailty have less total PA (β =-292.6 min/day [95 % CI: 399.5;-185.7], p = 0.001), occupational PA (β =-5821.8 min/day [95 % CI: 8680.8,-2962.8], p = 0.001), transportation (β =-68.0 min/day [95 % CI:-105.4,-30.62], p = 0.001). A lower amount of moderate AF was also found (β =-137.7 min/day [95 % CI:-202.0,-73.5], p = 0.001); vigorous (β =-43.4 min/day [95 % CI:-81.6;-5.20], p = 0.026) and longer time seated (β = 3.55 hours/day [95 % CI:-1.97, 5.14], p = 0.001). Frail older people have lower PA levels compared to their peers without frailty. Considering that the Chilean population will experience an increase in the number of older people, it is essential to implement preventive measures to delay the onset of frailty, such as promoting the practice of PA at all levels.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Consumer Behavior after COVID-19: Interpersonal Influences, eWOM and Digital Lifestyles in More Diverse Youths
No full textCOVID-19 caused a major shift in consumer behavior online at companies that focused on offering products to a traditional and more diverse (LGBTTTQI+) market. For this reason, an online survey was carried out through the digital platforms Facebook and LinkedIn in the last months of the pandemic (COVID-19) to determine how interpersonal influences and electronic word of mouth (eWOM) affect the intention to buy back online products and services, even after the pandemic. Data was collected from 384 consumers and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), confirming that both interpersonal influences and electronic word of mouth explain repurchase intention, and that electronic word of mouth had the greatest influence. Theoretical and practical implications include insights for social media marketers, and evidence of a dramatic shift in the use of technology by consumers from COVID-19 to new market segments. The findings showed that the behavior of consumers on these two social platforms was inclined to more diverse user; 50% of the users who responded to the survey were oriented to a more socio-diverse community. © 2023 by the authors.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Diagnóstico de la implementación de la gestión del cuidado de enfermería para atención cerrada en Chile
No full textIntroduction: the social role of nurses in 1997 is defined, nursing care management being established via the general administrative regulation Nº 19. The implementation of assistant directorships for nursing care management becomes relevant in the results for both the patients and the nursing team. Goal: describe the degree of implementation of the general administrative regulation Nº 19 for close care at Chile’s medium-and-high-complexity public health establishments. Methods: a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study was developed. With a convenience-intended sample of 56 centers, using an instrument to gather evidence of characteristics of Regulation Nº 19. Results: 75,0 % have an Assistant Directorship for Care Management and 3,57 % do not have any. High-complexity hospitals averaged 6,83 characteristics and medium complexity averaged 6,69 characteristics. The characteristics with the highest degree of fulfillment were those related to powers to grant safe care, the definition of job profiles corresponding to the structure, policies on communication with other offices, and having a set of care indicators for decision-making. Conclusion: there is a disparity in implementation, a National Nursing Directorship dependent on the Ministry of Health with a supervising role and generating standardized policies, protocols, and guidelines to support the implementation is required to achieve care with a sense of social and universal justice. © 2023, Publicacion de la Asociacion Salud, Ciencia y Tecnologia. All rights reserved.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Contra el ideal de la claridad. Hacia una modelación clara de una acción confusa
No full textThe methodological requirement of clarity has become a theoretical-empirical requirement on the subject matter: reality itself must be clear to be analysed. However, that is inadequate proposal to analyse social life, since one of the basic traits of action is that it is not clear, but action operates inside a world that is confusing. The requirement then needs to become one in which the methodological criteria is not translated to a demand on the analysed reality. The paper explores some possibilities about what it should be sought: a possible clear modelling of a confusing reality. © 2023 Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. All rights reserved.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Variational Quantum Circuit Topology Grid Search for Hypocalcemia Following Thyroid Surgery
No full textQuantum computing’s potential to revolutionise medical applications has spurred interest in leveraging quantum algorithms for healthcare challenges. In this research, the authors explored the application of variational quantum circuits to predicting hypocalcemia risk following thyroid surgery. Hypocalcemia, resulting from hypoparathyroidism, is a common post-surgical complication. This novel approach includes a topology grid search of the variational quantum circuits. To execute the grid search, our research employed a classical optimiser that guided the adjustment of different circuit topologies, assessing their impact on predictive performance. Our research used, as relevant features, an intra-operative PTH (parathyroid hormone) at 10 min post-removal and percentage decrease of pre-operative and intra-operative PTH levels. The findings revealed insights into the interplay between variational quantum circuit topologies and predictive accuracy for hypocalcemia risk assessment. © 2023 by the authors.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Association between cardiovascular risk factors and cognitive impairment in adults aged 60 years or older from Chile: a cross-sectional study
No full textBackground: Few studies in Latin America have examined the association between cardiovascular risk factors and cognitive impairment (CI) in a nationally representative sample. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of CI in a nationally representative sample of adults aged 60 years or older from Chile and to investigate the association between cardiovascular risk factors and CI. Methods: Data from the cross-sectional 2016–2017 National Health Survey of Chile, which included 2031 adults (63.7% women) was used. Body mass index, metabolic syndrome (blood pressure, triglycerides, fasting glucose or treatment for diabetics, waist circumference, and HDL cholesterol), risk of cardiovascular disease (history and measured variables, using the Framingham risk score), tobacco use, and physical activity were measured. CI was assessed using the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE). Results: Overall, the prevalence of CI was 12.2% at the national level. Significant differences in CI were observed by age, education level, risk of cardiovascular disease, and smoking. High risk of cardiovascular disease was associated with higher odds of CI (OR: 2.04; 95%CI: 1.20–3.45) compared to low risk. Smoking was significantly associated with a lower likelihood of CI (OR: 0.56; 95%CI: 0.36–0.87) compared to never smoking. Body mass index, metabolic syndrome, and physical activity were not associated with CI. Conclusions: This study provided additional support for previous findings on the relationship between cognitive decline and an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease. Worse CI was associated with the group with the highest risk of cardiovascular disease, and the presence of lifestyle factors, such as obesity and physical inactivity, exacerbate this relationship, but not being a current smoker. © 2023, The Author(s).Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Does Servant Leadership Enhance Employee Creativity and Performance? Mediating Role of Knowledge Sharing and Moderating the Role of Self-Efficacy
No full textGrounding on social learning theory, this study investigates the link between servant leadership, employee creativity, and work role performance. To examine the proposed model, the authors collected data from 289 nurses and doctors through a multi-wave (i.e., a time-lag) survey. In this study, servant leadership positively affects employee creativity and work role performance, and knowledge sharing partially mediates the relationship between servant leadership, employee creativity, and work role performance. The results show that self-efficacy directly moderates the positive relationship between servant leadership and knowledge sharing, and indirectly affects the link between servant leadership, employee creativity, and work role performance via knowledge sharing.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
LIDERANDO PRÁCTICAS DE ESTIMULACIÓN DEL LENGUAJE VERBAL ORAL MEDIANTE TRABAJO COLABORATIVO ENTRE EDUCACIÓN PARVULARIA Y FONOAUDIOLOGÍA
No full textEducational systems consider the acquisition of verbal language as a strategy for the formation of communication skills of comprehension and expression in children. The stimulation of oral language in early childhood education requires a collaborative work between classroom teachers and speech therapists from the School Integration Program. This work has the objective of systematizing research-action actions based on collaborative work as a shared leadership space between Early Childhood Education and Phonoaudiology professionals, aimed at stimulating oral language in children of the Transition level at the El Trencito municipal school. from the commune of Temuco, region of La Araucanía (Chile). The study was based on a qualitative approach under a socio-critical paradigm that involved the use of action research and the systematization of experiences. Hence, and as the main result, changes were achieved in the perception of interdisciplinary collaborative work based on shared leadership and the positive effects of speech therapy intervention in the common classroom, with a focus on stimulating oral language in nursery schools. © 2023 Grupo de Investigacion FORCE. All rights reserved.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Ciudad, modernidad y tarjeta postal. Una imagen comparada de Santiago de Chile y Temuco a principios del siglo XX
No full textBy the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the Chilean elite society are keen to develop a scope of a modern country, proud of its urban development and modernity, throughout using portrait as an image of new excellency: Photography, magazines, portrayed albums and, over all, postcards were commonly used to show images of modern cities at that time. Image of Photograph, magazines, portrait albums, and, over all, postcards were common used to show images of modern cities at that time. Plazas, parks, avenues, theaters, public buildings, and train stations were repeated topics used to represent civilized cities, modern, and prosperous nation. This research addresses how an urban representation was constructed from postcards by comparing two of case studies: Santiago de Chile and Temuco, this last one located on the territorial periphery by that time. The purpose is to analyze this type of imagery in order to assess a certain imaginary within the framework of the modernization process of the Chilean State”. © 2023 Universidad Complutense de Madrid. All rights reserved.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Association between GHQ-12, Duke-UNC-11, Physical Activity, and Self-Perceived Health in Spanish Adults with Cancerous Tumours: A Cross-Sectional Study
No full textBackground: In Spain, people who have overcome some type of cancer have significantly worse self-perceived health (SPH) and higher rates of depression than people who have never suffered any type of cancer. Objective: to explore the relationships among physical activity levels (PAL), perceived social support (PSS), and SPH in terms of mental health and its dimensions in Spanish adults with cancerous tumours. Methods: A correlational study rooted in the National Health Survey 2017 for adults was carried out, including 627 Spanish residents who reported having malignant tumours. Results: A dependent association was found between PAL and SPH (p < 0.001). The mental health mean score decreased as PAL increased for the total sample and for both sexes, separately (p < 0.001). Low reverse associations were also observed between PAL and mental health (rho: −0.274; p < 0.001), successful coping (rho: −0.239; p < 0.001) and self-confidence (rho: −0.264; p <0.001). Moreover, PSS weakly and inversely correlates with mental health (r: −0.225; p < 0.001), successful coping (r: −0.218; p < 0.001) and self-confidence (r: −0.231; p < 0.001). A binary logistic model showed that active and very active people presented less threat of poor SPH, as did people with higher PSS (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Greater levels of physical activity are associated with larger mean scores in the three dimensions of mental health, perceived social support and self-perceived health in people with cancerous tumours.Universidad Autónoma de Chil