Repositorio académico de acceso abierto (Univ. Autonóma de Chile)
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Using Ultrasonography and Doppler Application for Evaluating Vascular Axes and Prevention of Compartmental Syndrome
No full textUltrasonography is with adequate training, a fast and effective evaluation method in emergency departments. Peripheral vascular injury is frequent in trauma and should have a rapid diagnosis and treatment, as risks include: open sores, bleeding; closed injuries and compartmental syndrome. Prompt evaluation of the integrity in the vascular tree becomes important in preventing events that require surgical intervention (repair and / or fasciotomy). The aim of this work is to demonstrate the usefulness of knowledge of peripheral vascular tree, ultrasound evaluation and Doppler for peripheral vascular trauma management, using checklists for the systematic evaluation of the vasculature. Systematic evaluations were realized in 10 general surgery residents. Initially, using inanimate and animate models which were then evaluated in trauma situations. Divided into periods (February / April 2016 – May/August 2016). The findings with previous criteria made the verification list and subsequent connection with the development of compartment syndrome that were established by correlation. Evaluation animated models: 1st assessment: Recognition of structures>60 % =6 residents. > 80 % =4 residents. The 2nd assessment: Recognition of structures > 60 % = 3 residents. > 80 % = 7 residents. In the care of multiple trauma: recognition structures > 60% =3 residents. >80 % =7 residents. Patients at risk for compartmental syndrome (n=77) =11 (14.78 %). Resolution: Vascular Lesion 1 (1.3 %) compartmental syndrome: 1 (1.3 %) with surgical resolution. The use of ultrasonography and Doppler for peripheral vascular evaluation is useful for early recognition of risk from developing a single vascular lesion, to compartmental syndrome. The use of the checklists during simulation for the generation of criteria is useful in the training of surgical residents
TRANSPARENCIA EN LA CONTRATACIÓN PÚBLICA LOCAL DE LOS AYUNTAMIENTOS DEL PAÍS VASCO (ESPAÑA)
No full textEste artículo analiza la transparencia contractual en 42 ayuntamientos de la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco. Para ello se han utilizado 23 indicadores que han permitido la construcción de un Índice de Transparencia en la Contratación de los Ayuntamientos (ITCA). El resultado de la investigación además de mostrar el modelo teórico del ITCA, prueba que cuanto mayor es la población mayor es el ITCA y con ello confirma los resultados conseguidos en otros trabajos anteriores. Sin embargo, no se encontró relación entre el ITCA y la adscripción política de los alcaldes. Observándose que el 86% de los municipios tienen un ITCA por debajo del aprobado. Concluye que a la transparencia contractual le queda un largo camino por recorrer en esta Comunidad
ADAM17 As Inducer of Male Germ Cell Apoptosis
No full textApoptosis during mammalian spermatogenesis is important to control sperm output and to eliminate damaged unwanted cells. A deregulation in apoptosis rate has deleterious consequences and leads to low sperm production. Apoptosis in spermatogenesis has been widely studied, but the mechanism by which it is induced under physiological or pathological conditions has not been clarified. We have recently identified the metalloprotease ADAM17 (TACE) as a putative physiological inducer of germ cell apoptosis. ADAM17 is widely distributed enzyme in many tissues, its main function is to shed (release) its substrates, which leads to the activation of different signaling pathways according to the cellular context. However, in spermatogenesis, ADAM17 is involved in the control or induction of germ cell apoptosis, this seems to be unique and may reflect the complexity of spermatogenesis. In this review I will focus on the published evidence that show how this enzyme involved in the control of germ cell apoptosis during physiological condition and in different insults such as heat stress, DNA damaging agent or endocrine disruptors
The role of physical exercise on the brain and cognitive functions of patients in recovery from substance use disorder: A narrative review and recommendations for researchers and practitioners
No full textBackground and aims: Physical exercise (PE) has been suggested as a potential complementary tool for substance use disorder (SUD) recovery. However, its potential benefits for the brain and cognitive functions are relatively less explored, even though cognitive functions play a key role in the recovery process. Here, we aim to (1) compile results from studies that examined the effects of PE on brain and/or cognitive functions in individuals with SUD, and (2) provide recommendations for future research and practitioners. Methods: We searched for articles that investigated either the acute or chronic effects of PE on brain markers and/or cognitive functions in individuals diagnosed with SUD. We then provided recommendations for future research studies based on limitations of the current literature, as well as instructions to practitioners about how to set up a PE program aiming to help the recovery process. Results: We found 9 studies examining the acute effects of PE and 14 investigating the impact of chronic PE. Most of them (∼70%) were from China and had methamphetamine users (∼61%) as their sample. Several limitations in the literature were found, including the lack of baseline physical activity levels, lack of studies on other populations, and lack of studies examining other exercise modalities (e.g., resistance training). Conclusion: Recommendations include the use of affect and perceived effort scales, expanding the studies to include behavioral economic variables (e.g., delay discounting and demand), exploring self-selected intensity exercises to increase adherence rates, and taking into consideration individual exercise type preference (e.g., running, swimming, lifting). © 2024 Elsevier Lt
Intrapelvic Migration of Kirschner Wire in Total Hip Arthroplasty with Bone Graft
No full textHip arthroplasty are routine surgical procedures that requires substantial preoperative planning due to the use of all types of implants and orthopedic pins. In this case, the Kirschner wires allow the bone implant fixation to the acetabulum. However, various circumstances may cause migration of the wire placement instead to a nearby anatomical region and may lead to severe and fatal consequences. In this paper a case of migration of the Kirschner wire inside the pelvis occurs after a total hip replacement in a patient diagnosed with bilateral congenital hip dysplasia. The knowledge that the surgeon must possess to manipulate and place this kind of needles is of importance to carry out a suitable and safe surgical procedure, allowing the patient to obtain a refund of the joint function
Nomograma de predicción para la estratificación del riesgo en pacientes con COVID-19
No full textCOVID-19 can progress to severe forms of the disease with high mortality, so it has been necessary to identify predictive factors that allow stratifying the risk in patients. A retrospective analytical study was carried out in a cohort of 150 patients from Manuel Fajardo Hospital in Villa Clara, Cuba, from March to June 2020. With the information obtained, a severity prognostic index was constructed by means of a multivariate binary logistic regression model, in which the probability of the patient evolving towards severity was expressed as a function of the set of variables that were identified as predictors of the health event of interest. R software version 4.0.2 (22-06-2020) was used to summarize the data and apply the hypothesis tests. With the final results, a prognostic index was elaborated through a mathematical equation on which the model is based. A prediction nomogram was constructed to facilitate its interpretation, which constituted the main output of this study. The variables with the highest predictive power, which definitely remained in the model and with the nomogram was constructed were: age (p=0.049), arterial hypertension (p=0.013), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (p=0.004), lactate dehydrogenase (p=0.039) and arterial oxygen saturation (p=0.044). The Hosmer-Lemeshow test statistic result was p= 0.976 and the discriminatory capacity given by the area under the ROC curve (receiver operating characteristic curve) was equal to 0.988 (AUC: 0.9882, 95% CI: 0.9756-1). The optimal cut-off point was 0.099. We conclude that our nomogram is a very useful tool for the early identification of patients at risk of progressing to severe forms of COVID-19. In this way, it facilitates better stratification and the adequacy of timely treatment, capable of slowing disease progressionLa COVID-19 puede progresar a formas severas de la enfermedad con una elevada mortalidad, por lo que ha sido necesario identificar factores predictivos que permitan estratificar el riesgo en los enfermos. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo analítico en una cohorte de 150 pacientes del hospital Manuel Fajardo de Villa Clara, Cuba, en el periodo de marzo a junio de 2020. Con la información obtenida se construyó un índice pronóstico de severidad mediante un modelo de regresión logística binaria multivariada, en el que se expresó la probabilidad de que el paciente evolucionara hacia la severidad en función del conjunto de variables que fueron identificadas como predictoras del evento de salud de interés. Para el resumen de los datos y la aplicación de las pruebas de hipótesis se utilizó el software R versión 4.0.2. Con los resultados finales se elaboró un índice pronostico a través de una ecuación matemática en la cual se sustenta el modelo. Para facilitar su interpretación se construyó el nomograma de predicción, que constituyó la salida principal de este estudio. Las variables con mayor poder predictivo, que definitivamente quedaron en el modelo y con las cuales se construyó el nomograma fueron: edad (p=0.049), hipertensión arterial (p=0.013), índice neutrófilos/linfocitos (p=0.004), deshidrogenasa láctica (p=0.039) y saturación arterial de oxígeno (p=0.044). El resultado del estadígrafo del test de Hosmer-Lemeshow fue p= 0.976 y la capacidad discriminatoria dada por el área bajo la curva ROC (receiver operating characteristic curve) fue igual a 0.988 (AUC: 0.9882, 95% CI: 0.9756-1). El punto de corte óptimo fue 0. 099.Se concluye que nuestro nomograma constituye un instrumento de gran utilidad para identificar precozmente los pacientes con riesgo de progresar a formas severas de COVID-19. De esta manera, facilita una mejor estratificación y adecuación de tratamientos oportunos, capaces de frenar la progresión de la enfermedad
Percepção da Qualidade dos Serviços de Transporte de São Paulo: Uma Análise de Sentimento da Satisfação dos Cidadãos em relação aos Terminais de Ônibus
No full textPurpose: To explore citizens’ satisfaction with all Bus Terminuses (BTs) in São Paulo City, Brazil. Method: This study performed a Sentiment Analysis of citizens' perception of 32 BTs of São Paulo, composed of 8,371 user comments on Google Maps. Originality/Relevance: This study highlights the role of Sentiment Analysis as an optimal tool for Stakeholder Analysis in the Urban Context. Findings: First, Sentiment Analysis is a valuable source for stakeholder-oriented urban management. Second, sentiment Analysis provides detailed information about citizen satisfaction, providing valuable cues for urban managers to improve public service quality. Third, Smart Sustainable Cities can provide multiple and massive quantities of data that all kinds of urban stakeholders can use in decision-making processes, which helps perform Sentiment Analysis. Fourth, Sentiment Analysis is helpful for BT managers to improve BT services based on the users' feelings. Finally, further studies should explore sentiment classification in Sentiment Analysis of the critical aspects unfolded in this study as well as for exploring responsiveness of municipal public services. Methodological Contributions: This study demonstrated that Sentiment Analysis can be a method for scrutinizing stakeholders' opinions and perceptions about governmental services at the city level. Practitioner Contributions: Urban Planners, Transportation Policy Makers, and Urban Managers can use Sentiment Analysis to foster stakeholder-oriented management, which in turn fosters democracy and urban performance. © 2024 Universidade Nove de Julho-UNINOVE. All rights reserved.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
¿Están los privados obligados por la garantía de acceso a la información pública ambiental? Comentarios de la sentencia del Juzgado Contencioso Administrativo Federal 8, 64727/2018, Fundación Ambiente y Recursos Naturales c/ YPFS.A. s/Varios, de 03 de julio de 2019
No full textLa sentencia en comento revela el actual alcance del derecho al acceso a información pública ambiental, la expansión de los sujetos obligados mediante la redefinición del concepto de autoridad y el uso de la figura de interés público nacional. No solo la administración pública estaría obligada a entregar información a la ciudadanía; los privados también
La constitucionalización de la doble instancia en el contencioso administrativo chileno
No full textRecently, the Chilean Constitutional Court sanctioned the unconstitutionality of administrative contentious processes without appeal proceedings, under an abstract and general control. Retrospectively, this judgment represents a shift in case law, which had only affirmed a principle of appeal in administrative contentious processes. Prospectively, this judgment is also a modification of an interpretative criterion capable of producing different effects relating to judicial review of administrative decisions. This article analyzes each aspect and investigates the basis of the declaration of unconstitutionality administrative contentious processes without appeal proceedings. Subsequently, different readings are proposed in relation to the constitutionality of administrative contentious processes without appeal proceedings. © 2024 Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. All rights reserved.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Competencias emocionales en futuros profesionales de Psicología
No full textIn recent years, enhancing emotional skills in students is one of the goals that has gained interest in the educational field. This is greatest accentuated if student training is related in the future to the professional performance associated with social interaction, as is the case with professions belonging to health sciences. This is the case of disciplines such as Psychology, in which social and emotional skills are essential to your good practice. The objectives of the research are intended to analyze the differences between university students of the degree in Psychology in emotional intelligence; as well as examining whether sex and age are related to these differences. The participants were 212 unit students of the Psychology degree who were applied the TMMS-24 (2004), a scale of 24 items in 5-point Likert format and composed of three dimensions (emotional dimension, emotional understanding and emotional repair). Tests indicated moderate emotional intelligence. Similarly, differences were found in these emotional competencies based on sex and age. The results show differences between students in some dimensions of emocional intelligence; as well as differences between the sexes and according to the age group in several of these dimensions. These results are discussed, both in relation to age and gender differences in different emotional intelligence factors.En los últimos años, potenciar las competencias emocionales en los estudiantes es uno de los objetivos que ha cobrado interés en el ámbito educativo. Esto se acentúa más si la formación de los estudiantes tiene relación en el futuro con el desempeño profesional asociado con la interacción social, como sucede con profesiones pertenecientes a ciencias de la salud. Este es el caso de disciplinas como la Psicología, en la que las habilidades sociales y emocionales son esenciales para su buena práctica. Los objetivos de la investigación pretenden analizar las diferencias existentes entre estudiantes universitarios de la titulación de Psicología en inteligencia emocional; así como examinar si el sexo y la edad están relacionados con estas diferencias. Los participantes fueron 212 estudiantes universitarios de la titulación de Psicología a los que se les aplicó el TMMS-24 (2004), una escala de 24 ítems en formato tipo Likert de 5 puntos y compuesta por tres dimensiones (atención emocional, comprensión y reparación emocionales). Los análisis indicaron una inteligencia emocional moderada. Así mismo, se encontraron diferencias en estas competencias emocionales en función del sexo y la edad. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto diferencias entre los estudiantes en algunas dimensiones de la inteligencia emocional; así como diferencias entre sexos y según el grupo de edad en varias de estas dimensiones. Estos resultados se discuten, tanto en relación con las diferencias de edad como de sexo en los diferentes factores de inteligencia emocional