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Comparative Analysis of Gas Emissions from Ecokiln and Artisanal Brick Kiln during the Artisanal Firing of Bricks
No full textThis article focuses on the research of gas emissions in two types of brick kilns located in the Maule Region, Chile. One of them is an artisanal brick kiln known as a “chonchón” (AKC), while the other is a semi-artisanal brick kiln with an improved design. The latter is referred to as the Ecokiln. This study focuses on the assessment of the emission profiles of key pollutants such as particulate matter (PM), CO, CO2, SO2, and NOx. The emission measurements of gasses, temperature, and flow were conducted during the operation of the kilns. These measurements were carried out following the protocol established by Chilean standards. The Ecokiln’s design facilitates optimal fluid dynamics. In direct comparison to the AKC, it exhibits reduced fuel consumption, shorter operation periods, an increased brick processing capacity, decreased burnt brick losses, and notably lower emissions, with a concentration of SO2 that is 83% less than that of the AKC, NOx emissions, 58% lower than the AKC, and a remarkable 74.3% reduction in PM10 emissions. Moreover, the Ecokiln reduces pollutant emissions, improving the well-being of brickmakers and their communities. These results offer insights into the environmental impact of local brick production and support sustainable manufacturing practices. © 2024 by the authors.Universidad Catolica del MauleUniversidad Autónoma de Chil
LA REELECCIÓN Y OTROS COMBATES EN EL MUNICIPIO MEXICANO
No full textEl propósito de este artículo es hacer una revisión de las concepciones del gobierno municipal que durante el siglo XX para analizar cuál es la dimensión de la reforma sobre la reelección consecutiva. Desde la perspectiva del autor, este cambio parece una oportunidad para hacer algunas preguntas sobre el diseño de un órgano de gobierno que lucha por conservar su lugar en un mundo contemporáneo donde la creciente urbanización y los constante mutación de las sociedades urbanas le reclama a esa vieja figura jurídica una constante actualización y adecuación
Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Three Large Prospective U.S. Cohort Studies Diabetes Care 2023;46:1335-1344
No full text[No abstract available]Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Memoria de Iniciación Científica 2023
No full text«Entre lo imposible y lo posible hay una investigación», es la idea que impulsa los pasos de las y los estudiantes que forman parte del Programa de Iniciación Científica de la Universidad Autónoma de Chile, iniciativa que ha transformado vidas y marcado un hito en el mundo de la investigación.
Durante nueve años, este programa ha sido el catalizador que ha fomentado la formación de habilidades críticas para el desarrollo de actividades de investigación e innovación. Una estructura sólida que ha dado lugar a investigaciones de primer nivel, con impacto en la sociedad y el crecimiento personal y profesional de los jóvenes investigadores que dan sus primeros pasos en la ciencia.
Se destaca la rigurosidad científica que caracteriza a los trabajos producidos. Muchos de ellos han sido presentados en congresos o han permitido el desarrollo de publicaciones científicas, dando inicio a prometedoras carreras en el ámbito científico. La diversidad de temas abordados es impresionante: desde la producción y almacenamiento de energías limpias hasta la percepción sobre vacunas; la síntesis de fitofármacos, el fenómeno del sobreendeudamiento, la inteligencia artificial, la calidad del sueño y la seguridad alimentaria, entre otros.
La investigación en pregrado es el puente que permite a los estudiantes aplicar en la práctica los conocimientos adquiridos en las aulas, profundizando en áreas específicas y obteniendo una comprensión más profunda y detallada de estos. Además, promueve el pensamiento crítico, la resolución de problemas y la capacidad de análisis, todas ellas habilidades cruciales para el desarrollo profesional.Dirección de Investigació
Profiles of intuitive eating in adults: the role of self-esteem, interoceptive awareness, and motivation for healthy eating
No full textObjective: Intuitive eating is an eating behavior that has recently come to use mainly in the young population. Knowing that the Lebanese cultural diet differs from other countries, the purpose of this study was to investigate if there is a relationship between self-esteem, interoceptive awareness, and motivation for healthy eating in a sample of Lebanese adults using a Latent Profile Analysis approach. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Lebanese governorates. Participants: 359 Lebanese participants enrolled in this study (mean age: 22.75 ± 7.04 years, 40.1% males), through convenience sampling in several Lebanese governorates. Participants were asked to fill anonymously the following scales: The Intuitive Eating Scale (IES-2), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness Scale (MAIA), and the Motivation for Healthy Eating Scale (MHES). Results: Our findings revealed four profiles: profile 1 (n = 67; 18.66%) characterized by high SE and intermediate interoceptive awareness and motivation for healthy eating; profile 2 (n = 86; 23.97%) presented high SE, interoceptive awareness, and motivation for healthy eating; profile 3 (n = 86; 23.96%) characterized by high SE, interoceptive awareness, and motivation for healthy eating; class 4 (n = 108; 30.08) described by low SE, intermediate interoceptive awareness, and motivation for healthy eating One-way analysis of variance did not observe a significant difference between the four profiles based on intuitive eating (F = 1.810; p = 0.145; ɳp2 = 0.015). Conclusions: Among a sample of Lebanese people, four profiles of interoceptive awareness, motivation for healthy eating, and self-esteem were observed, with no difference concerning intuitive eating. © The Author(s) 2024.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Cell-free DNA methylation profile potential in the diagnosis of lung squamous cell carcinoma
No full textBackground: Aberrant methylation plays an essential role in early cancer development. In this study, we investigated methylation patterns in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) and matched non-tumor tissue and plasma samples to evaluate the potential of these patterns in the diagnosis of LUSC. Methods: The study group included 49 patients with stage I-III LUSC. We collected resected tumor tissue, paired peritumoral tissue, distant normal tissue, and corresponding plasma samples. A bespoke lung cancer bisulfite sequencing panel was used to profile the methylation level. Another 48 healthy volunteers provided control plasma samples.Results: Peritumoral and distant normal tissues presented similar methylation signatures, distinct from those in tumor tissue samples. A comparison of methylation profiles led to the identification of 871 tumor-specific differentially methylated blocks, including 847 hypermethylated and 24 hypomethylated blocks (adjusted P value <0.05). All top-ranked blocks were tumor-related. Tissue samples were analyzed for field cancerization to identify progressively aggravating aberrant methylations during tumor initiation and development. The analysis revealed that 221 blocks presented a stepwise increase in methylation levels, while seven blocks presented a stepwise decrease in methylation pattern as the sampling drew nearer to the tumor. The malignant contaminated ratio (MCR) confirmed the presence of distinct methylation patterns between tumor and peritumoral tissue samples. We then constructed a diagnostic panel using a combined diagnostic score of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) that showed high sensitivity and specificity. The healthy controls had a significantly lower combined diagnostic score (cd-score) than LUSC patients. Additionally, based on the methylation profiles, LUSC could be classified into two subgroups, C1 and C2. The methylation profile of the C2 group was not distinct from the healthy controls, which had a significantly lower cd-score than did the C1 group. Conclusions: LUSC-specific methylation patterns could potentially discriminate between peritumoral tissue, distant normal tumor tissue, and tumor tissues. This preliminary study also supported the potential utility of cfDNA methylation analysis in diagnosing LUSC. © 2024 AME Publishing Company. All rights reserved.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Recognition and inequalities in older adults' sexuality in Chile
No full textIntroduction: This paper explores older adults' perceptions on sexuality and affectivity in Chile, according to class and sex. Methods: The study is based on computer-assisted telephonic interviews with people aged 60 and over, men and women (n = 481). Data were analyzed using chi-squared tests and binary logistic regressions. Results and discussion: Maintaining an active sex life is important for older adults of both sexes, contradicting the commonsense view according to which the relevance allocated to sex decreases significantly with age. However, the data show significant differences in perceptions by sex, suggesting that gendered conceptions regarding sexuality are influential along the entire life cycle. There are also relevant differences according to class, revealing the inequalities present in the expression of sexuality in Chile. Copyright © 2024 Gómez-Urrutia, Gartenlaub and Tello-Navarro.Convocatoria Nacional Subvención a Instalación en la Academia; Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, ANID; Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, UAdeC; Convocatoria, (2021/SA77210029)Universidad Autónoma de Chil
The projected economic burden of non-communicable diseases attributable to overweight in Brazil by 2030
No full textObjectives: The prevalence of overweight increases the risk of several non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and, consequently, the costs of health care systems. In this study, we aimed to project the economic burden of NCDs attributable to overweight in Brazil between 2021 and 2030. Methods: A cohort simulation of adults (17–117 years) using multistate lifetable modeling was used to estimate the costs of NCDs attributable to overweight in Brazil. The projections of direct health care costs (outpatient and inpatient expenses in the Unified Health System) and indirect costs (years of productive life lost) considered different trajectories of the prevalence of overweight between 2021 and 2030. Results: In 2019, the prevalence of overweight was 55.4% in the adult Brazilian population. We estimate that around 1.8 billion international dollars (Int. We estimate that halving the annual increase in body mass index slope from the beginning of 2021 until 2030 would save 20.2 million Int. Finally, in the scenario of a 6.7% reduction in the prevalence of overweight observed in 2019 (to be achieved gradually until 2030), 74.1 million Int$ would be saved. Conclusions: These results highlight the high economic burden of overweight in the Brazilian adult population. © 2024 The Royal Society for Public HealthConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNP
Justicia Local. Una manifestación de la jurisdicción en el ámbito local. Revisión de algunas tendencias latinoamericanas.
No full textLa justicia local se ha presentado bajo distintas fórmulas que pretenden dar solución a los conflictos vecinales o de pequeñas causas, hemos pasado, por los Alcaldes Pedáneos, en el Derecho Romano, a la moderna Justicia de Proxi- midad, en el sistema europeo. El punto de convergencia del problema es, si este tipo de justicia es un fenómeno local o bien corresponde a una verdadera descentralización de los modelos jurisdiccionales, con fuerte apoyo en los sistemas alternativos de resolución de conflictos. El amplio avance legisla- tivo reformador, mantiene la preocupación latente por la justicia local, para otorgar un acceso eficiente a la misma, encontrándonos hoy en un tertium genus, razón por la cual revisaremos como ha sido el accionar legislativo en los países latinoamericanos
Implementation of Environmental Engineering Clinics: A Proposal for an Active Learning Methodology for Undergraduate Students
No full textQuality education focused on quality, inclusion, and opportunity is one of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals to reduce inequality in the knowledge of the people who are educated. In this sense, universities have a role in rethinking the teaching model, changing their strategies, and including new experiences based on active learning. This article makes a didactic methodological proposal for undergraduate and graduate students using learning experiences for solving regional environmental problems proposed by municipalities. This method considered creating an agreement, defining topics, preparing bases and study areas, analyzing problem solutions, and delivering products. The results showed the implementation of the environmental engineering clinics (ECCs) in five subjects of the curriculum, with the participation of sixty students, who solved problems from seven municipalities. The results showed a correct implementation of the active learning methodology, allowing for knowledge to be transferred in a real-life scenario, significantly facilitating student learning. The plan–do–check–act (PDCA) cycle provides a practical framework for learning while solving real-world challenges, empowering learners to personally engage with authentic and meaningful challenges within their communities. As was previously stated, this article presents a methodology that can be introduced in universities to improve the learning process through active learning and the link with real problems of the territories where they are located, which also allows for improving the connection with the environment, contributing significantly to the sustainability of the territories. © 2023 by the authors.Faculty of Engineering and Sciences of the Universidad de la Fronter