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The Role of Shaheed Pehre in Sikh Martyrology
No full textThrough the re-examination of previously referenced sources and current scholars who hold weight within the field of Sikh martyrology, it is evident that numerous concepts within the study have either been reduced or overlooked altogether. More specifically, there is a lack of intimate research on the dynamic concept of shaheedi pehre (the invocation of martyrs), which requires more attention. Stated differently, current research within the field only concerns itself with the symbolism behind martyrdom rather than the martyrs themselves – including their post-death realms and lives. In conducting this research, we will survey Sikh historical texts and hagiographies to, first and foremost, posit a better understanding of the role of shaheedi pehre. Concurrently, we will also analyze the Sikh sentiments behind commemorating Shaheeds and their shaheed ganj (martyr-shrines) and mentions of the cosmic realm of Shaheeds (known as the shaheedi mandal) that is seen as affecting both Sikhs and non-Sikhs on Earth. The key methodology behind this dissertation will be a historical analysis of literature that involves accounts from the early 1700s to the late 1900s. Beginning with the re-examination of Suraj Prakash and Panth Prakash, both texts that already hold weight within this field, we will come to appreciate overlooked notions of martyr-veneration and post-martyrdom positionality and actions. Building off this restructured base, we will then look to analyze a previously unmentioned account found within Naveen Panth Prakash about a Shaheed displaying agency within both private and public forms of shaheedi pehre. Working from this new analysis, we will look to a Sikh hagiography, Do Gursikh Nirmolak Heerey, which is being posited for the first time within the sphere of Sikh martyrology. From this text, we will not only look to more recent accounts of shaheedi pehre but give the term a new definition within the study: when a Shaheed possesses a host body to give counsel. Taking all this information into account, a thread of summaries will be posited that will not only make sense of the history but give a call to action for future research and questions that remain
Prevention of Errors in "Real Time" using Model AI: Improving Operational Efficacy of Student Information Systems (SIS) in an Educational Institution
No full textLeadership and Learning in Organizations capstone projectThe primary objective of this project is to evaluate whether implementing GoodRepsAI’s product, known as ModelAI or ModelAI tool, can enhance operational efficiency by reducing errors within GAMA’s (educational institution) operations. Specifically, this involves integrating ModelAI with the student information system (SIS) managed by GEGI, an educational technology company.
GAMA relies heavily on the system for necessary daily tasks to complete operations, including admissions, student services, academics, registrar functions, accounting, and financial aid. Unfortunately, GAMA administrators have consistently encountered operational errors while using GEGI SIS. Notably, GEGI’s customer service representatives handle many support requests from user errors within GAMA’s administration. Both companies grapple with managing repetitive errors impacts encountered while using GEGI SIS.
The focus of my investigation centers around determining if the ModelAI can effectively tackle the stated issue by seamlessly integrating into GEGI SIS to alleviate the reported operational challenges. The proposed solution entails leveraging the Model AI as a measure to recognize patterns and prevent errors before they arise. The expected outcome should provide recommendations regarding the feasibility and desirability of the implementation by stakeholders and partner organization as a solution
Bridging Boundaries: Exploring the Interplay of Schools and Communities in Mitigating Violence
No full textThis dissertation investigates the complex relationship between community violence and school environments in Nashville, Tennessee, through the lenses of social disorganization theory and routine activities theory. It comprises three studies that collectively unravel how schools both affect and are affected by the violence in their surrounding neighborhoods. The first study maps the spatial and demographic patterns of community violence, finding consistent spatial distributions across violent crime types with subtle variations in their relative frequencies. It establishes connections between community violence and demographic factors, shedding light on the socio-spatial dynamics of urban violence. The second study assesses how school exposure influences community violence, utilizing inverse distance weighted interpolation and spatial lag regression. The analysis reveals that higher levels of school exposure are associated with decreased surrounding violence, highlighting the potential of schools to act as moderators of community violence. This study also improves upon traditional methods of measuring school exposure, which previously overlooked the number and size of schools proximate to neighborhoods. By incorporating these aspects through two innovative measures, the research offers a refined perspective on the role that the presence and size of schools play in influencing violence in nearby communities. The third study explores how community violence might affect school violence, focusing on the role of neighborhood social cohesion. Through structural equation modeling, it identifies a negative correlation between community violence and school violence, challenging prior assumptions and revealing the complex ways schools respond to community violence. This study also finds that neighborhood social cohesion has suppressive effects on school violence, though the pathways through which this occurs are complex. This dissertation contributes to a deeper understanding of the interplay between schools and their urban contexts regarding violence. It indicates that schools can be an important community resource, capable of buffering against community violence through processes happening inside the school (e.g., student/teacher relationships), and their influence on other processes happening in the community
thornado-Hydro, xCFC: A Discontinuous Galerkin Hydrodynamics Solver for General Relativisitc Core-Collapse Supernova Simulations
No full textModeling core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) has been an on-going effort since the 1960s. Despite advances in physics theory, physics experiments, and technology, consistent, multi-dimensional CCSN explosions are still difficult to achieve, and a consensus is yet to be reached regarding what physics is required. Here, we present the status of a novel simulation code, thornado, which aims to simulate the neutrino-radiation kinetics and the stellar hydrodynamics of CCSNe using high-order discontinuous Galerkin methods under the extended conformally flat condition (xCFC), an approximation to GR. Specifically, we show the progress in implementing a solver for the general relativistic (GR) hydrodynamics equations and we show results from several test problems designed to demonstrate the abilities and capabilities of the code. This includes evolving a Kelvin–Helmholtz instability problem, a multi dimensional blast wave, and the adiabatic collapse, bounce, and post-bounce phases of a realistic progenitor. These simulations are performed in parallel with MPI and with adaptive mesh refinement via a coupling to AMReX, a software framework designed for exascale systems. This adiabatic collapse test also demonstrates the coupling of thornado to Poseidon, a hybrid spectral finite-element xCFC metric solver that is also designed with an eye toward simulating CCSNe. We also analyze the performance of the solver with both strong- and weak-scaling tests. As a science application of our code, we show results from a study of the effects of GR on the standing accretion shock instability, a hydrodynamical instability that manifests in, among other scenarios, CCSNe
Sampling Considerations in Intensive Longitudinal Data
No full textAnsa cervicalis stimulation (ACS) has been proposed as a treatment option for obstructive sleep apnea. Airflow, CPAP pressure, and ACS stimulation status were measured continuously during drug-induced sleep endoscopy. Data was divided into breaths and experimental variables were summarized across each breath. Airflow was summarized in three ways: Vimax, mean flow, and middle third mean flow. The treatment effects of ACS were ∆Pcrit and ∆Popen. ∆P is the difference in pressure between ACS and no stimulation required to reach set levels of airflow. Airflow is zero for ∆Pcrit and the average flow for non-flow limited breaths for ∆Popen. Breaths were divided into experimental conditions, which are a set of successive breaths a unique patient, nasal pressure and stimulation status. Current experimental protocol allows three breaths per experimental condition. ∆P estimates were compared via sampling first N breaths per experimental condition and a simulation of the same sampling method. ∆P estimates were also compared via bootstrap sampling the number of patients. For the breath sampling, ∆Pcrit sub-sample estimates approached the full-sample estimates at three breaths per experimental condition, while ∆Popen estimates did not. For the simulation, bias between the true ∆P and the simulated ∆P estimate decreased as number of breaths sampled increased. Some ∆P estimates (∆Popen for Vimax, ∆Pcrit for mean and middle third mean flow) do not plateau at the true ∆P, indicating bias in the ∆P calculation. Estimates tended to plateau at or before six breaths per condition. Standard error decreased as number of breaths sampled increased for the simulation, but standard error across flow measures stabilized by four breaths per condition for breath sampling. The number of patients needed to obtain stable estimates of ∆Pcrit and ∆Popen was small for Vimax and mean flow but greater for middle third mean flow. Because sampling three breaths per condition may yield biased estimates of ∆P, increasing the number of breaths per condition to six may be beneficial. Few patients were needed to obtain stable estimates of ∆P but increasing the number of patients decreased standard errors for all flow measures
Can the US Navy Get its Mojo Back?
No full textLeadership and Learning in Organizations capstone projectThis project assessed the US Navy’s innovative technology adoption practices across two centuries and all four industrial revolutions, encompassing 30 technologies and 131 cases. It merges those organizational learning and innovation adoption principles with leading modern organizational theorists and practical innovators into a single novel conceptual, innovative technology adoption framework called Maritime Progressive Realism that uniquely applies to the United States Navy
Limbic-Motor Networks and Action Control
No full textTraditionally, the circuits responsible for processing cortical information of different modalities and communicating with the striatum for the purpose of guiding behavior were believed to act in separate, parallel courses. However, recent research has proposed that cortico-basal ganglia-thalamocortical loops can process limbic and sensorimotor streams in a single, open network. These novel interpretations advance the historical understanding of the ventral striatum as a limbic-motor interface by theorizing its function in influencing motor cortex activity. Yet, even as a connection between limbic function and movement is tenable, the limbic-motor junction has remained insufficiently characterized. An understanding of this intersection hinges on resolving the key players, including extrastriatal regions, messenger systems, and information domains. We sought to further examine the role of the mesial temporal lobe in motor output by concentrating on an executive function necessary for regulating movement, namely action control. We investigated dopaminergic and oscillatory features of mesolimbic regions as correlated with inhibitory tasks. To accomplish this, we first explored associations between response inhibition and mesial temporal dopamine receptor availability in a cohort of Parkinson’s disease patients. An analysis of our data revealed correlations between dopamine in the amygdala and hippocampus and response inhibition proficiency. Next, we followed up this study by considering the components of an interference inhibition task in relation to binding potential in mesolimbic structures. Here, we observed a connection between dopamine availability in the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex and sensory motor processing. Finally, we investigated the development of neural oscillations in mesolimbic nodes during movement and non-movement. An examination of oscillatory changes in the amygdala and hippocampus disclosed evidence of beta, gamma, and delta power modulation with movement. Together, these findings demonstrate the unique interactions that exist between mesolimbic areas and movement, illustrating a compelling influence of mesial temporal regions over motor control
The Quest for Equity: An Examination of Weighted-Student Funding and Site-Based Budgeting in Tennessee
No full textStudent-based budgeting (SBB), which combines weighted-student funding with site-based budgeting, has been adopted in several urban districts across the United States to help increase equity between and within schools as well as remedy some of the perceived issues associated with more centralized budgeting. The weighted student funding (WSF) component of SBB accounts for the differential costs of educating different categories of students and provides students with the highest need a larger share of resources. The site-based budgeting component provides principals with greater budgetary flexibility to tailor school resources to student needs. Ideally, the combination of WSF and site-based budgeting through SBB should lead to more equitable outcomes for disadvantaged students by helping ensure they have the resources needed to be successful. However, limited research exists regarding the extent to which student-based budgeting, as a whole or in part, has achieved greater resource equity and outcomes-based equity. This three-essay dissertation explores SBB as a whole, as well as the weighted-student funding component of SBB, using qualitative and quantitative approaches. These essays examine the influence of weighted-student funding on resource and outcomes-based equity in Metro Nashville Public Schools (MNPS) and Memphis-Shelby County Schools (SCS); explore the ways in which school principals conceptualize equity and operationalize it in resource allocation practices; and assess the consequences of varying funding levels on student outcomes, while also exploring potential underlying factors that may drive these outcomes. This research sheds light on the potential of weighted-student funding and site-based budgeting, known collectively as student-based budgeting, to advance equity in education
Characterization of the Human Antibody Response to Influenza Type B Virus
No full textThis thesis explores the intricate mechanisms by which the human immune system generates antibodies to fend off diseases, focusing on the response to Influenza Type B virus. The ability of the immune system to produce antibodies during an infection or in response to vaccination is a cornerstone of our defense against numerous pathogens. Specifically, this work delves into the production and functional capabilities of neuraminidase (NA) and hemagglutinin (HA) antibodies elicited post-vaccination and from naturally infected individuals. These antibodies play pivotal roles in neutralizing the virus, thereby offering protection against the disease. These studies highlight in vitro inhibition of viral replication and the significant protective efficacy of NA and HA antibodies in vivo, underscoring their potential in therapeutic and prophylactic applications against influenza. Additionally, this thesis presents groundbreaking insights into the structural basis of antibody-antigen interactions that underpin this protective effect. Using high-resolution electron microscopy, the precise binding sites and mechanisms of action of these antibodies on the influenza virus have been elucidated. The detailed visualization of these interactions not only enhances our understanding of antibody-mediated immunity but also guides the design of more effective vaccines and antibody-based therapies
Staying Connected: Non-Profit Alumni Engagement
No full textLeadership and Learning in Organizations capstone projectThe Project for Equitable Schools is a pseudonym for a small non-profit organization in the Midwest that serves education stakeholders from PK-12 through higher education. The main focus of the organization is to address the teacher shortage and high turnover rates in historically under-resourced schools across the region. The Project provides support to pre-service and aspiring teachers in high school and college. The problem investigated in this project is the Project’s lack of engagement with alumni that have graduated from college and are serving as licensed teachers. The questions that guided this project were: 1. What actions have the Project for Equitable Schools taken up prior to September of 2023 in order to maintain contact with alumni? 2. To what extent (if at all) have the actions identified in PQ 1 resulted in engagement with the Project for Equitable Schools? The design of the study included data collection through a semi-structured interview and document review analysis. The findings suggest that through better use of personal connections, the website, and social media, alumni engagement may increase. Based on these findings and the literature on alumni engagement, I recommend that the Project build on its current success with a recent initiative - Project Partners, and invest in their website and social media platforms to connect with and engage alumni