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Study of “dead rubber” in team sport: With reference to study of “failed athletic contests”
Full text link本研究は，チームスポーツにおける消化試合において，勝利以外を主目的とした戦術が行われた試合は，スポーツ哲学領域で論じられる「失敗した試合」に該当するのかを明らかにすることを目的とした．「１つの試合の勝利にコミットしているか」という観点から考察を行った．記録を目的とした戦術が行われた試合では，記録を狙ったプレイは「１つの試合における勝利」に実質的にコミットしている可能性が高いため，「１つの試合のエートス」が達成される試合であると結論づけられた．プレーオフ制度での勝利や「マクロな強さ」の獲得を目的とした戦術が行われた試合では，プレイヤーの勝利に対するコミットメントがあったとしても，首脳陣が「１つの試合における勝利」に対するコミットメントを欠いているため，「失敗した試合」であると結論づけられた．一方で, １つの試合における卓越性の達成と，長期的な卓越性の達成にジレンマが生じる点も明らかとなった．引退試合としての利用を目的とした戦術が行われた試合では，首脳陣が卓越性において劣っている引退予定の選手を起用しており，「１つの試合における勝利」にコミットしていないため，「失敗した試合」であると結論づけられた．一方で，首脳陣が引退予定の選手の活躍が見込めると判断して起用している場合は，「１つの試合における勝利」にコミットしているとも結論づけられた．The purpose of this study was to clarify whether “dead rubber” in a team sport in which tactics other than winning are used as the main objective falls under “failed athletic contests” as discussed in the philosophy of sport. It was considered the issue from the viewpoint of “whether the players are committed to winning in a single game”. In the games in which tactics aimed at records were used, it was concluded that “the ethos in a single game” was achieved because the play aimed at records was substantially committed to “winning in a single game”. The games in which the tactics were aimed at winning in the playoff system or gaining “macro strength” were “failed athletic contests” because the leaders lacked commitment to “winning in a single game”, even if the players had commitment to winning. On the other hand, the dilemma between achieving excellence in a single game and achieving excellence over the long term was also identified. In the games where the tactics were intended to be used as retirement games, the leaders used players who were scheduled to retire with less excellence and were not committed to “winning a single game”, so it was concluded that the game was “failed athletic contests”. On the other hand, when the leaders used players who were scheduled to retire
because they were expected to perform well, they were committed to “winning in a single game”.departmental bulletin pape
Toward measuring the effectiveness of advising on graduation thesis writing skills: an attempt to develop evaluation criteria
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Creators and Publishers of Local Pilgrimages in the Postwar Period ー focusing on Activity of Toki Shobo ー
Full text link本稿は戦後の地方巡礼において仕掛け人と関わった出版社の活動とその役割を検討した．戦後の地方巡礼の高まりを背景に，開設の「仕掛け人」と呼ばれた下休場由晴と冨永航平は各地に新たな巡礼地を数多く作り出したが，この活動で重視されたのが情報発信としてのガイドブックの執筆であった．その中で，朱鷺書房は当時の巡礼ブーム，仕掛け人との関係構築，寺院関係者の一括購入による販売部数の確保などを理由に仕掛け人に関わるガイドブックを多数刊行した．また，朱鷺書房はガイドブックの刊行だけでなく，仕掛け人への助言や札所の調整などによって「開設」に協力することもあった．以上から，巡礼地の開設は仕掛け人の活動とそれを様々な面から支えた出版社によって成し遂げられたと考えることができた．
仕掛け人による巡礼地開設はこの時代の特徴と位置づけられるものであり，出版社との関係を通して仕掛け人の活動に新たな知見を提供できた点は，先行研究に対する本稿の意義と考えられる．This study analyzed the relationship between creators and publishers of local pilgrimage in the postwar period. During the postwar “pilgrimage boom,” Yoshiharu Shimoyasuba and Kohei
Tominaga, who were called the “creators” of the pilgrimage sites, created new pilgrimage sites in various regions. And an important part of this creator’s activity was the writing of guidebooks as information on the pilgrimage. In this context, Toki Shobo published a number of guidebooks because of the pilgrimage boom, its relationship with the creators, and its ability to secure sales circulation. In addition to editing the guidebook, Toki Shobo also cooperated with the creators for the “establishment”. In summary, the new pilgrimage site was established by the creator and the Toki
Shobo, who collaborated with it in various ways.
Establishment of pilgrimage sites by creators is important for local pilgrimages in the postwar period. The significance of this study is that it provided new insights into the activities of creators.departmental bulletin pape
Effects of Technology-Enhanced English Classes on Junior High School Students’ Perception of Speaking Abilities and language learning motivations
Full text linkEFL（English as a Foreign Language）環境下では，英語使用頻度が低く，実践的なスキルの向上が難しいことやモチベーション維持が難しいことが先行研究で明らかになっている（例: Lightbown & Spada， 2013）．令和５年度に実施された「全国学力・学習状況調査」（文部科学省，2023）の中学校におけるスピーキングテストの結果では，
社会的な話題についてきくことや，自分の考えと何故そう思うのか理由を話すことに課題があることが顕著に現れ
た．実際に英語を話す機会を増やすことが課題解決への第一歩となりうる．国内の先行研究（松田ほか， 2008; 與儀，2020）では，遠隔交流授業が参加者の多文化や英語学習に対する動機づけに寄与したとの報告もある．しかし，遠隔交流授業がどのように英語学習者の動機づけに寄与したかをミクロな視点で調査した先行研究はほとんど確認できなかった．本論では，同期型遠隔国際交流授業やEdtechツールを提供する企業の二次的データを用いて，ICTを活用した英語授業が中学生英語学習者のWillingness To Communicate （WTC）にどのような影響を与えたか，Yashima（2002）及びNishida & Yashima（2009）で使用されたWTC質問項目を用いて考察した．データ分析の結果から，ICTを活用した同期型遠隔国際交流の導入で，「英語学習における異文化友好志向」および「国際的な職業・活動への関心」が導入事前に比べ向上し， ICTを活用した英語授業の導入の前後で，「英語で発表ができる」など，スピーキングに関連する項目に顕著な変化が見られた．Previous studies have shown that in an EFL （English as a Foreign Language） environment, the frequency of English use is low. Therefore, it is difficult to improve practical skills and maintain language learning motivation （e.g., Lightbown & Spada, 2013）. Studies in Japan （Matsuda et al.,2008; Yogi,2020） have reported that online synchronous cultural exchange contributed to Japanese young langu age learners’ motivation toward multiculturalism and English learning. However, there are few studies that have explored how Japanese junior high school students’ intention to speak English was influenced by online synchronous cultural exchange classes. In this paper, using secondary data from a company that provides online synchronous cultural exchange and Edtech tools, we examine the effect of ICT-based English classes on the junior high school English language learners’ WTC （willingness to communicate） based on the WTC questionnaire developed by Yashima’s （2002） and Nishida & Yashima （2009）. The results of the data analysis showed that “intercultural friendliness in language learning” and “interest in international occupations and activities” increased after the introduction of online synchronous cultural exchange. Furthermore, significant changes were observed in items related to speaking, such as “being able to present in English” before and after the introduction of online synchronous cultural exchange.departmental bulletin pape
Difficulties in Peace Education in Public Elementary Schools in Okinawa Prefecture: Focusing on Minority Experiences of the Battle of Okinawa
Full text link2024年現在，多くの沖縄戦体験者が亡くなり，沖縄において沖縄戦の記憶の継承や平和教育の在り方が模索されている．複数の先行研究が沖縄の平和教育が抱える困難について言及しているが，担い手である教員に着目した研究は少ない．さらに，沖縄の平和教育の議論の中で，日本軍「慰安婦」，朝鮮人，障害者などのマイノリティへの関心は低い．そこで，本稿では，6名の小学校教員に対するインタビューデータから，平和教育を実践する上での困難とマイノリティの沖縄戦体験を取り扱うことの難しさを明らかにした．語りからは，平和教育一般の困難として【平和教育への圧力】【体制の問題】【子どもへの丁寧な関わり】【教員の問題】などが抽出でき，マイノリティの沖縄戦を取り扱う困難として【教材の問題】が明らかになった．考察では，先行研究で示された平和教育の課題やその克服を目指す解決策の方向性はおおむね支持されると結論づけた．他方で，【平和教育への圧力】などの課題は残り，さらにマイノリティの沖縄戦など論争性・加害性・マイナー性が増すトピックを扱う場合に困難さは増すと指摘した．As of 2024, many survivors of the Battle of Okinawa have died, and ways to pass on memories of the Battle of Okinawa and peace education in Okinawa are being explored. Previous studies have referred to the difficulties faced by peace education in Okinawa; however, few have focused on the teachers who are bearers, and limited attention has been paid to minorities such as Japanese military “comfort women,” Koreans, and people with disabilities. Therefore, this study draws on interview data from six primary school teachers to identify the difficulties in implementing peace education and dealing with minorities’ experiences of the Battle of Okinawa. The data revealed difficulties in peace education such as “pressure on peace education,” “problems with the system,” “careful involvement of children,” and “problems with teachers.” Further, it identified difficulties of minorities in dealing with the Battle of Okinawa as “problems with teaching materials.” We conclude that the challenges to peace education and the direction of solutions aimed at overcoming them, as indicated in previous studies, are generally supported. However, it is noteworthy that issues such as “pressure on peace education” remain and difficulties increase when dealing with more controversial, addictive aspects, and minor themes, such as the Battle of Okinawa experienced by minorities.departmental bulletin pape
Correlates of Role Stress in Special Needs Education Coordinators Working in Elementary and Junior High Schools in Okinawa Prefecture: A post-implementation study of inclusive education.
Full text link目的： 本研究では小・中学校に勤務する特別支援教育コーディネーターを対象として、インクルーシブ教育の実施に対する役割ストレスに関連する要因を明らかにすることを目的とした。
方法： 沖縄県内の公立小・中学校に勤務している特別支援教育コーディネーターを対象に、Webアンケート調査を実施した。対象者は、沖縄県内の公立小学校230校、中学校109校、小・中併設校29校のコーディネーターで、168名の回答が得られた。そのうち、不備のなかった142名を分析対象とした。調査内容は、役割ストレス、コーディネーション行動、職場風土認知、コーディネーターおよび学校の属性であった。
結果： 学校の規模、兼務の状況、特別支援学級担任、コーディネーターの経験の有無と役割ストレスの各因子との間に有意な差がみられた。相関分析では、職場風土認知と役割ストレスとの間に有意な負の相関がみられ、コー
ディネーション行動のすべての因子と役割曖昧との間に有意な負の相関がみられた。多変量ロジスティック回
帰分析の結果、職場風土認知が各因子との間に有意な関連を示した。
結論： 個人レベルでは経験の多さが、学校レベルでは規模の小ささや職場の雰囲気の良さが役割ストレスの低さと関連していることが明らかとなった。コーディネーターに対する研修機会の充実化、職場環境の改善により、コーディネーターの役割ストレスが軽減し、インクルーシブ教育の推進に役立てることが期待される。Objective: This study aimed to identify factors related to role stress in the implementation of inclusive education among special-needs education coordinators working at elementary and junior high schools.
Methods: A web-based questionnaire survey was administered to special-needs education coordinators working at public elementary and junior high schools in Okinawa Prefecture. The target population consisted of coordinators at 230 public elementary schools, 109 public junior high schools, and 29 public schools with both elementary and junior high schools in Okinawa Prefecture, and 168 responses were obtained. Of these, 142 responses with complete data were included in the analysis. The survey included role stress, coordination behavior, perceived workplace climate, and coordinator and school attributes.
R e s u l t s: Significant differences in role stress were found based on school size, concurrent teaching status, special needs classroom teacher presence, and coordinator experience. Correlation analysis revealed significant negative correlations between perceptions of workplace climate and role stress, as well as significant negative correlations between all aspects of coordination behavior and role ambiguity. A multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated a significant association between workplace climate perception and each factor
of role stress.
Discussion: The results indicated that at the individual level, greater experience, and at the school
level, smaller size, along with a positive workplace atmosphere, were correlated with reduced role stress. Enhancing training opportunities for coordinators and improving work environments are expected to alleviate coordinators’ role stress and foster the advancement of inclusive education.departmental bulletin pape
A Study on Tourism Development and Policy in Northern Bay, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region: Focusing on Ethnic Culture Called March 3 or San Yue San
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A Report on Hospitality Education and Training at YTL International College of Hotel Management
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An Attempt to Make Peace together with the community ー Student’s Joining in a Project to Read Out the Names on the “Cornerstone of Peace” ー
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The expansion of the distribution of Mile-a-minute weed, Mikania micrantha : monitoring surveys in Umusa and Biimata districts of Nago City, where concentrating distribution of the weed is observed.
Full text linkツルヒヨドリMikania micranthaは，熱帯のアメリカ大陸原産のキク科植物である．世界で最も悪影響のある雑草の一つとされ，日本では特定外来生物に指定されている．ツルヒヨドリの生長速度は，地域の特性や気候条件により異なるが，旺盛な生長により生育地での生育面積を広げる．本研究では，名護市の宇茂佐地区から為又地区及び宮里地区に跨る地域に調査枠を設定し，2020年～2022年の期間のモニタリング調査により分布範囲拡大の状況を解明することを目的として実施した．ツルヒヨドリの分布のポイント数は，年に2倍程度に増えることが明らかになった．新なツルヒヨドリの分布は調査枠の北東から東側へと広がり，周辺部の増加割合は4.1倍で全体の増加割合に比べ急速に分布のポイント数を増加していた．新たな増えた分布地点では小規模な抜根等によるマニュアル作業により分布拡大を抑え，分布が広範囲に及ぶ分布の集中地点は行政等の組織的な大きな取組での駆除作業が期待される．Mail-a-minute weed, Mikania micrantha, is a plant of the Asteraceae family, native to the tropical Americas. It is considered one of the most harmful weeds in the world and is designated as an invasive alien species in Japan. The growth rate of the weed varies depending on the characteristics of the region and climatic conditions, but it always shows a vigorous growth in any given distribution areas. In this study, a monitoring survey in Nago City was conducted, with surveying frame stretching from districts of Umusa to Biimata and Miyazato. The time frame span between 2020 and 2022, in order to elucidate the status of the distribution expansion in the area. The distribution of the newly established areas spread from the northeast to the east of the surveying frame. The increase rate in the periphery was 4.1 times, which was a significant increase in comparison with the overall increase rate of around2.0 times. At the newly increased distribution points, it is expected that the expansion of the distribution could be suppressed by small-scale manual operation such as root extraction. At more concentrated widespread distributions areas, distribution could only be eradicated by large-scale organizational efforts such as government-funded project.departmental bulletin pape