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Zinvolle zorg binnen de verpleeghuiszorg. Een onderzoek naar de samenhang tussen zorg en zin en de rol van de geestelijke verzorger,
No full textThe Awful Rowing toward God: Interpretation of religious experiences by individuals with bipolar disorder
No full textSpatial Existence: Being Human? A critical comparative theoretical philosophical enquiry into Heidegger’s being-in-the-world and Sloterdijk’s being-in-spheres critiquing modern humanism’s concept of man.
Full text linkIn this thesis, a critique of modern humanism’s concept of man is articulated with a special interest into the way in which meaning is produced. Modern humanism’s concept of man and the implied values of autonomy, human dignity and individual responsibility constitute much of the values of current societies. Martin Heidegger opposes modern humanism’s concept of man. According to his Sein und Zeit, not man’s subjective rationality constitutes human existence and the way in which meaning is produced but man’s spatial relation with/in the world. Peter Sloterdijk’s trilogy Sphären builds upon Heidegger’s understanding of existential spatiality.
Bringing Heidegger’s concept of being-in-the-world and Sloterdijk’s concept of being-in-spheres into an interplay with each other and with modern humanism’s concept of man, this thesis comprises an enquiry into existential spatiality and contributes to a reconceptualisation of modern humanism’s concept of man. The research is conducted with a critical, comparative, theoretical, philosophical methodology, meaning that the presuppositions of modern humanism’s concept of man are critically examined through a critical comparative conceptual study of Heidegger’s and Sloterdijk’s understanding of existential spatiality.
The study shows that modern humanism’s concept of man comprises a rational self which constitutes the center and origin of meaning. Humans ought to act autonomously and are principally different to (other) animals. Heidegger’s understanding of existential spatiality critiques modern humanism’s concept of man by rejecting the primacy of understanding the human as a rational entity because meaning is predominantly produced in the relationship with the environment which is, furthermore, mediated by moods and other humans. However, as will be argued in this thesis, Heidegger does not critique humanism’s concept of man regarding the ideal of autonomy and the principal moral difference to animals. Sloterdijk’s understanding of existential spatiality critiques modern humanism’s concept of man by denying that the human exists individually because human subjectivity depends on co-subjectivity i.e. on the inhabitation of socially shared spaces. Furthermore, the human is not able to be completely autonomously, since moods and technique co-create the human. However, as will be argued in this thesis, Sloterdijk does not critique humanism’s concept of man regarding the self as the center and origin of meaning and the principal difference to animals
Purposeful Teaching. In what ways do teachers teach purpose?
No full textThis research identifies in what ways six Dutch seventh and eighth grade teachers teach purpose. Using the theoretical model of Tirri & Kuusisto (2017) purpose can be taught in three main ways: as the content of teaching, within a meaningful didactical relation between the teacher and the students’ learning process and within a close, compassionate, safe and supportive pedagogical relation between the teacher and the student. The teachers taught purpose mostly pedagogically. They all provided a safe atmosphere, gave students the individual attention they need and were supportive towards them. Didactically teaching purpose happened a lot less. Teachers were having an interactive classroom atmosphere, made regular method lessons meaningful and clarified the personal relevance of lessons explicitly. However, lessons that didn’t occur much were lessons that were explicitly purpose-related. Some purpose related content occurred in social-emotional lessons, philosophy lessons and projects. However, most purpose related content appeared in talks about students’ (academic) learning processes, planning their near future and their future towards secondary school. The teachers feel they have little time and space to teach about purpose related content, since it’s not part of the curriculum. This thesis concludes that purpose should become part of the curriculum
Waarde(n)vol werk. Een kwalitatief onderzoek naar aandacht voor zingeving in de bedrijfsartsenpraktijk.
Full text linkDit kwalitatief, exploratief onderzoek biedt inzicht in wat aandacht voor zingeving(svragen) in de begeleiding van patiënten door bedrijfsartsen betekent. De informatie is verkregen via semigestructureerde interviews met tien bedrijfsartsen. Respondenten associëren zingeving vooral met ‘dat wat iemand belangrijk vindt’, ‘kunnen doen wat je belangrijk vindt’ en met werk als zingevingsbron. De gerichtheid op gezondheid en duurzame inzetbaarheid veronderstelt dat bedrijfsartsen aandacht hebben voor zingeving in het (werk)leven van patiënten. Ziekte, beperkingen, ingrijpende gebeurtenissen en (als gevolg daarvan) uitval van werk zet mensen vaak aan tot een (her)oriëntatie op hun (werk)leven. Respondenten lopen als procesbegeleider mee in dit zingevingsproces van de patiënt. De begeleiding is gericht op het (weer) verkrijgen van regie, is sterk cognitief van aard en vooral doel- en oplossingsgericht. De mate waarin de respondenten zelf begeleiding bij zingeving bieden, verschilt.
Uit het onderzoek blijkt dat aandacht voor zingeving van patiënten relevant is voor de bedrijfsartsenpraktijk. Voor het bepalen van de juiste zorg en begeleiding is het belangrijk om te weten wat voor mensen van betekenis is, wat hun leven zin geeft, en waar eventueel de zinbeleving stagneert. Dat betekent dat bedrijfsartsen (tot op zekere hoogte) moeten kunnen omgaan met en ondersteuning bieden bij zingevingsvragen. Dit vereist kennis van de zingevingsdimensie en zingevingscompetenties. Een deel van de respondenten lijkt zich (deels) bewust van de benodigde specifieke kennis en competenties, anderen minder of niet. Dit onderzoek biedt inzicht in de betekenis van zingeving in de bedrijfsartsenpraktijk en handvatten om de kennis van de zingevingsdimensie binnen de beroepsgroep te vergroten.
De resultaten zijn niet representatief voor de gehele bedrijfsartsenpopulatie
Traumatic loss: Mental health consequences and implications for treatment and prevention
Full text linkTraumatic loss involves the loss of loved ones in the context of potentially traumatizing circumstances and is a commonly reported traumatic event. It may give rise to disturbed grief, called prolonged grief disorder (PGD) in ICD-11 and persistent complex bereavement disorder (PCBD) in DSM-5, combined with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. The recent inclusion of grief disorders in both DSM-5 and ICD-11 have spurred research on grief-related psychopathology. This special issue on traumatic loss includes 10 articles and two letters. Topics addressed include diagnostic criteria for PGD, children’s perspectives on life after parental intimate partner homicide, and the impact of visiting the site of deaths caused by terror. Early indicators of problematic grief trajectories are addressed, as well as moderators and mediators of disordered grief, including coping strategies, rumination, and meaning-making. Further, a meta-analysis synthesizing research findings on correlates of disturbed grief following traumatic loss is presented. Finally, specialized treatments as Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) for grief are addressed, and predictors of treatment response for CBT for PGD including levels of self-blame and avoidance are scrutinized. As such, the articles included in this special issue increase our understanding of the needs of people confronted with traumatic loss and bring promising findings with regard to diagnosis, prevention, and specialized treatment in children, young people and adults. This article also introduces a hypothetical staging, profiling, and stepped care model which may offer a template to integrate existing and emerging research findings on possible courses and correlates of grief, in order to inform treatment decisions
Expert medico-legal reports: The relationship between levels of consistency and judicial outcomes in asylum seekers in the Netherlands
Full text linkIntroduction: If asylum applicants need to prove that they have been persecuted in their home country, expert judgment of the psychological and physical consequences of torture may support the judicial process. Expert medico-legal reports can be used to assess whether the medical complaints of the asylum seeker are consistent with their asylum account. It is unclear which factors influence medical expert judgement about the consistency between an asylum seeker’s symptoms and story, and to what extent expert medico-legal reports are associated with judicial outcomes. Methods: We analysed 97 medico-legal reports on traumatised asylum seekers in the Netherlands. First, we evaluated the impact of trauma-related and other variables on experts’ judgments of the consistency of symptoms and story. Second, we evaluated the effect of experts’ judgments of symptom-story consistency on subsequent judicial outcomes. Results: Gender, receipt of mental health care and trauma-related variables were associated with symptomstory consistency. Positive asylum decisions were predicted by expert judgments about the presence of physical signs and symptoms of torture, and ill-treatment and their consistency with the refugee’s story, but not psychological symptoms. Conclusion: These results suggest that standardised procedures for the documenting of medical evidence by independent experts can improve judicial decision quality and the need to improve psychological and psychiatric assessments
