UFV Journals (Universidade Federal de Viçosa)
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Feminicídios de mulheres negras e reprodução social da violência no Brasil
Get PDFThis article aims to explain the peculiarity of lethal violence against black women in Brazilian society. The panorama presented by the Brazilian Public Security Forum and the data obtained from the Public Security Institute of the state of Rio de Janeiro constitute the priority sources for the analyses. By means of descriptive statistics, the discrepancy in the numbers of feminicides is presented when comparing the color/race of the victims on a national and state scale. It is established that public policies to combat gender violence need to pay attention to the uniqueness of black women, who combine race, gender and class oppression. Thus, it is postulated that more than finalistic approaches, aimed primarily at punishing aggressors, measures need to focus on structural inequalities, responsible for the greater vulnerability of racialized women to gender violence.Este artículo tiene como objetivo explicar la peculiaridad de la violencia letal contra las mujeres negras en la sociedad brasileña. El panorama presentado por el Foro Brasileño de Seguridad Pública y los datos obtenidos del Instituto de Seguridad Pública del estado de Río de Janeiro constituyen las fuentes prioritarias para los análisis. Mediante estadística descriptiva se presenta la discrepancia en las cifras de feminicidios al comparar el color/raza de las víctimas a escala nacional y estatal. Está establecido que las políticas públicas para combatir la violencia de género deben prestar atención a la singularidad de las mujeres negras, que combinan opresión de raza, género y clase. Así, se postula que más que enfoques finalistas, dirigidos principalmente a castigar a los agresores, las medidas deben centrarse en las desigualdades estructurales, responsables de la mayor vulnerabilidad de las mujeres racializadas a la violencia de género.O presente artigo tem como propósito explicitar a peculiaridade da violência letal contra mulheres negras na sociedade brasileira. Para tanto, em relação à escala nacional, foram apresentados e discutidos dados publicados pelo Fórum Brasileira de Segurança Pública; e, como estudo de caso, dados obtidos junto ao Instituto de Segurança Pública do Rio de Janeiro sobre esta Unidade da Federação. Adota-se a abordagem interseccional como instrumento de análise, a fim de caracterizar a sobreposição de vulnerabilidades que acomete as um lheres negras no Brasil. Por meio de estatísticas descritivas, evidencia-se a discrepância nos números de feminicídios quando se compara a cor ou raça das vítimas em escala nacional e estadual. Estabelece-se que as políticas públicas de enfrentamento à violência de gênero precisam atentar para a singularidade das mulheres negras, que conjugam opressões de raça, gênero e classe. Destarte, postula-se que mais do que abordagens finalísticas, voltadas prioritariamente para a punição dos agressores, é preciso que as medidas se voltem para as desigualdades estruturais, responsáveis pela maior vulnerabilidade de mulheres racializadas à violência de gênero
Famílias ribeirinhas na Amazônia e o difícil acesso à política de assistência social
Get PDFThe purpose of this article is to reflect on the access of riverside families from Ilha das Onças, in the municipality of Barcarena-PA, to social assistance policy, considering the particularities of the Amazon region. Based on documentary, bibliographical and field research, and based on historical-dialectical materialism, this study revealed that the barriers to these families' access to social assistance policy are not due solely to the territorial dimension, they have deep roots and refer to the socio-historic trajectory of exclusion, appropriation, acculturation and invisibility to which they are permanently subjected. Therefore, it is emphasized that the state and structural logic of social policies impacts and feeds back barriers to access riverside families, as well as traditional communities to social rights, since in the structuring of compensatory policies these segments are disregarded, deepening inequalities and existing social conflicts in the interior of the Amazon.El objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar sobre el acceso de las familias ribereñas de Ilha das Onças, en el municipio de Barcarena-PA, a la política de asistencia social, considerando las particularidades de la región amazónica. A partir de investigaciones documentales, bibliográficas y de campo, y sustentados en el materialismo histórico-dialéctico, este estudio reveló que las barreras al acceso de estas familias a las políticas de asistencia social no se deben únicamente a la dimensión territorial, tienen raíces profundas y se refieren a la dimensión socio-social. -trayectoria histórica de exclusión, apropiación, aculturación e invisibilidad a la que están permanentemente sometidos. Por lo tanto, se enfatiza que la lógica estatal y estructural de las políticas sociales impacta y retroalimenta las barreras de acceso de las familias ribereñas, así como de las comunidades tradicionales a los derechos sociales, ya que en la estructuración de las políticas compensatorias estos segmentos son ignorados, profundizando las desigualdades y desigualdades sociales existentes. Conflictos en el interior de la Amazonía.O objetivo deste artigo é refletir sobre o acesso das famílias ribeirinhas da Ilha das Onças, no município de Barcarena-PA, à política de assistência social, considerando as particularidades da região amazônica. A partir de pesquisa documental, bibliográfica e de campo, e com base no materialismo histórico-dialético, este estudo revelou que as barreiras de acesso dessas famílias à política de assistência social não se devem unicamente à dimensão territorial, elas possuem raízes profundas e remetem à trajetória sócio-histórica de exclusão, apropriação, aculturamento e invisibilidade a que estão permanentemente submetidas. Portanto, destaca-se que a lógica estatal e estrutural das políticas sociais impacta e retroalimenta as barreiras de acesso das famílias ribeirinhas, bem como das comunidades tradicionais aos direitos sociais, já que na estruturação de políticas compensatórias desconsideram-se esses segmentos, adensando as desigualdades e conflitos sociais existentes no interior da Amazônia
Flooding tolerance of sugarcane genotypes under recurring floods in plant and ratoon crops
Get PDFThe goal of this research was to evaluate the flooding tolerance of sugarcane genotypes under recurring floods of both plant and ratoon canes. Control and recurring flood conditions were compared using 10 sugarcane genotypes. As a result of the flooding, cane height increased and tillering decreased. Flooding reduced cane yield and commercial cane sugar (CCS) yield, as well as the percentage of polarization (POL), purity, and CCS in sugarcane juice. Sugarcane flood tolerance varied by genotype, with KPS01-4-29 and SP94-2-483 having the highest flooding tolerance index and KK07-037, K95-84, and KK07-599 having the highest yield under flooded conditions. Furthermore, under flooded conditions, a relationship between yield traits, cane height, and cane number was observed in sugarcane (r = 0.45* to 0.92**). As a result of our research, flood-tolerant sugarcane genotypes could be selected. Sugarcane genotype selection for flooding tolerance could include cane height and cane number as indirect traits
Optimization of the assessment of anthracnose severity in artificially inoculated common beans
Get PDFThe aim was to estimate the minimum number of plants required per plot to assess the anthracnose severity by artificial inoculation of V2 stage plants. Seventy-eight carioca common bean cultivars were inoculated in 13 experiments to assess its reaction to races 65, 73, 81, and 89 of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Sample sizes ranged from one to nine plants were adopted to setting the number of plants per plot. A total of 1000 samplings were performed for each sample size. The following parameters were estimated in each sampling: accuracy, coefficient of variation and Pearson’s correlation. The mean values of each parameter in the 1000 samplings for each sample size were subjected to quadratic regression with a plateau as a function of sample size for each experiment. Six plants per plot were needed to assess the severity of anthracnose by artificially inoculating the pathogen on common bean plants at the V2 stage
Chemical composition and antiprotozoal potential of essential oil from half-sib progenies of Varronia curassavica Jacq.
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to evaluate chemical characteristics and biological activity of progenies from the first cycle of recurrent selection of Varronia curassavica in order to identify promising progenies for the next stages of the breeding program. The seeds were collected from the parental accession VCUR-503 (chemotype E-caryophyllene/viridiflorol) and subsequently sown in seedling containers and transplanted to the field. The essential oil was extracted 300 days after transplanting, and the levels of E-caryophyllene and viridiflorol were analyzed, as well as their activity against the protozoan Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. Application of the recurrent selection method resulted in increased levels of both compounds. The levels of E-caryophyllene (0.00-23.61%) and viridiflorol (0.00-64.74%) exhibited significant variation within the population under study. The essential oil rich in viridiflorol from progenies led to high mortality (72%) of the protozoan. Promising progenies for the second cycle of recurrent selection were identified based on the variables analyzed
Genetic improvement of Chakhao rice by gene stacking of high-yielding and durable blast-resistant traits
Get PDFChakhao is a popular pigmented black rice variety with remarkably high anthocyanin content. Due to its susceptibility to various biotic and abiotic stresses, its production has remained low. Here, two genes, Pi54 blast-resistant and OsSPL14, high-yielding genes of rice, were pyramided in a Chakhao landrace by crossing with CR Dhan 307. From a total of 147 F4 lines developed, 32 were identified with the positive alleles of both genes, of which 16 were black grain coloured, and their total anthocyanin content ranged from 30.19±2.19 to 240.31±2.62 mg 100 g-1 dried weight. Among these, ChM 68 F4 line had the highest anthocyanin content (240.31 ± 2.62 mg 100 g-1 of powdered grain) with more 118.96 mg 100 g-1 anthocyanin than the recipient parent, CHK13 (121.35±3.32 mg 100 g-1), making it a promising line to be released as a highy-ielding and durable blast-resistant Chakhao variety in Manipur
RB036152 – New sugarcane cultivar for restrictive environments
Get PDFRB036152 sugarcane cultivar is known for its high cane yield and elevated sucrose content. In the central-southern region, optimal harvest period extends from July to November. This cultivar is particularly well-suited for mechanized planting and harvesting, demonstrates excellent performance in challenging environments, and shows strong tolerance to major sugarcane diseases
Assessing DNA sequence variation in Megathyrsus maximus: an exploratory survey for use in breeding programs
Get PDF Distinguishing Megathyrsus maximus genotypes in breeding programs based on morphological traits alone can be challenging. Thus, this study proposes the utilization of molecular traits to identify genetic differences and understand the characteristics of these genotypes. Twenty-four genotypes were sequenced, resulting in 341 bases within the trnL-trnF spacer and 459 bases from ITS2 sequences. These sequences were head-to-tail concatenated and analyzed for phylogenetic diversity. Substitution saturation analysis confirmed the sequences’ suitability for phylogenetic reconstruction, as ISS value (0.0279) was significantly lower than its critical value (ISS.c = 0.7523). Both Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian Inference analyses yielded consistent results with most nodes showing support above 99%. PCoA analysis demonstrated a clustering pattern consistent with the phylogenetic tree, identifying two distinct groups with clear separation. Approximately 82% of the total variance was explained by the PCoA. The obtained genetic information serves as a valuable resource for developing M. maximus markers
Exploration of allelic diversity reveals a novel FAD2 (Oleate desaturase) gene in Brassica juncea
Get PDFIndian mustard (Brassica juncea) is an important contributor towards edible oil supply in India. Traditional Indian mustard varieties contain high proportion of 18C polyunsaturated fatty acids (linoleic and linolenic acids) and large amounts of long-chain monounsaturated FAs, mainly erucic acid, in seeds. Oleate desaturase (FAD2) regulates the composition of 18C PUFAs in cellular membranes and TAG in seed oil. The present study was conducted to gain insight into the allelic diversity of the FAD2 gene in Indian mustard. Analyses of cloned FAD2 genes of three Indian mustard varieties revealed a novel FAD2 gene that has a longer ORF (1167 bp) owing to insertions and several SNPs across its length that distinguish it from the more prevalent native FAD2 gene. Overall, the Indian mustard varieties possess three FAD2 alleles, but there is limited nucleotide diversity among members of each FAD2 type across varieties, suggesting narrow genetic diversity among the varieties examined
Identification of promising true sugarcane seed families to explore the possibility of direct commercial cultivation
Get PDFTrue sugarcane seed (TSS) families offer economic, environmental, and practical advantages over clonal varieties. Identification of well-germinating and high-yielding TSS families to replace sett/settling planting is a prerequisite for direct commercial cultivation. Promising TSS families are identified through family selection, an efficient, proven, and cost-effective approach. A total of 139 crosses, with varying sets of 22, 51, and 66 crosses were produced in 2018-19, 2019-20, and 2020-21, respectively. Among the 66 TSS families evaluated, 18F02, 18F27, 19F25, 19F46, 20F10, and 20F11 outperformed the popular clonal check Co 86032, with moderate to low variability, within an acceptable range for cane (number of millable canes per clump ? 5.0; single cane weight ? 1.0 kg) and sugar (Brix% ? 18.0%; Sucrose% ? 15.0%) yield traits, accompanied by good fluff germination and seedling establishment parameters. These results implied the possibility of exploiting promising true seed-based families for commercial sugarcane cultivation