SCTIMST DSpace (Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology)
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Fullerene C70: A Promising Carbon Cage for Biomedical Applications
No full textNanomaterials have conquered the field of science and technology, and are considered as the driving force behind most of the scientific discoveries in the 20th century. Fullerenes entail one among the leading members of the family of nanomaterials which are characteristically allotropic forms of carbon. The uniqueness lies in its structure itself that it has a closely packed cage-like pattern of carbon atoms arranged like a ‘buckyball’. This peculiarity further makes the nanostructure a suitable platform for a wider range of medical and non-medical applications. Furthermore, proper fine-tuning or modification can accomplish targeted application requisite. Nevertheless, such an increased level of applications concurrently necessitates toxicity assessment as well. Available studies on the cytocompatibility of fullerene C70 confirm the fact that C70 is not eliciting any discernible toxic impacts in fibroblast cells up to the maximum tested concentration. This view undoubtedly justifies the utilization of fullerene C70 in various applications. However, authors recommend deeper toxicity evaluations to guarantee its biocompatibility and hence wider applicability
Impact of Nanoparticles in Balancing the Ecosystem
No full textNanotechnology has contributed enormous breakthroughs in various scientific and
engineering disciplines, from basic researches to advanced product development. Rapid advancements
in nanotechnology have accomplished a great quantum leap in the areas of medicine, environment,
agriculture, and renewable energy. As a result, there has been a growing interest to substitute
conventional materials with nanomaterials in almost all scientific disciplines globally. This economic
success has left behind the possibilities of critical adverse effects these materials can impart to the
environment and its dependants. Several debates were ongoing worldwide on the effect of nanoparticle
released metal ions and their subsequent toxicological impacts. It’s been anticipated that the increased
application of nanoparticles will lead to abrupt unchecked emission of the same into various
environmental strata. Therefore, despite these emerging advancements, the potential adverse effects
these nanotechnological researchers can put forward also need a thorough investigation. This review
article has highlighted the currently employed applications of engineered nanoparticles in agriculture
technology and environmental restoration, adverse effects of its exposure to environmental flora and
fauna, ecosystem toxicity, and related issues
Long term outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with previous coronary artery bypass graft surgery
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Efficacy Evaluation of an In Situ Forming Tissue Adhesive Hydrogel as Sealant for Lung and Vascular Injury
No full textIn situforming tissue adhesives based on biopolymers offer advantages over conventional sutures and staples in terms of biocompatibility, biodegradability, ease of application and improved patient compliance and comfort. Here, we describe the evaluation ofin situgelling hydrogel system based on dextran dialdehyde (DDA) obtained by periodate oxidization of dextran and chitosan hydrochloride (CH) as tissue adhesive. The hydrogel was prepared by reacting aldehyde functions in DDA with the amino functions in CH via Schiff's reaction. The gelation reaction was instantaneous and took just 4 s. The DDA-CH hydrogel as tissue adhesive was evaluated on a sheep lung parenchymal injury model and a pig aortic model and was compared with the commercially available tissue sealant, Bioglue®. The DDA-CH glue could completely seal the sheep lung incision site even at inflation with air way pressure of 30 cm of H2O with no air leak observed in the incision sites (n= 8) in any of the animals. Histological analyses showed mild inflammation after 2 weeks, comparable to Bioglue®. Resorption of test material by giant cells with no adverse effect on lung parenchyma was seen after 3 months. The DDA-CH glue was also very effective in sealing aortic incisions in a pig model (n= 4) with no failures and aneurisms. The endoluminal surface of the sealed incision in all cases showed intact apposition with adequate healing across the incision. No tissue necrosis or inflammation of endothelial surface could be seen grossly. Our studies show that the DDA-CH hydrogel could function as an effective sealant for the prevention of air and blood leaks following lung and vascular surgery
Mechanism of action and cellular responses of HEK293 cells on challenge with zwitterionic carbon dots
No full textCarbon, an extremely versatile element has great demand in the field of nanoscience. Carbon-based nanostructures are exponentially increased due to its wide range of applications in biotechnological and environmental approaches; hence, its safety assessment is of greater concern. In the present study, high quantum yielding zwitterionic carbon dots were synthesized, characterized and its safety assessment at different concentration ranges (50–1600 μgmL−1) on HEK 293 cells was carried out. Cellular, mitochondrial, lysosomal integrity and ROS generation were assessed using specific fluorochromes.The key cellular event apoptosis was assessed by annexinpropidium iodide staining using imaging flow cytometry. Moreover, the mRNA levels of the apoptotic genes were determined by real-time PCR. The results revealed that the cell viability assays (MTT, NR) and mitochondrial membrane potential were altered on exposure to a higher concentration of zwitterionic CDs for 24 h. Also, annexinpropidiumiodidestaining exhibited an increased percentage of apoptotic cells upon exposure to zwitterionic CDs at higher concentrations. Further, apoptosis was confirmed by significantlyincreased expression of pro-apoptotic gene (Bax) together with decreased expression of Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Collectively, this study suggests that zwitterionic CDs induce apoptosis in HEK 293 at higher concentration and the safe range for its intended application is found to be 50−200 μg/mL
Injectable selfcrosslinking hydrogels for meniscal repair: A study with oxidized alginate and gelatin
No full textInjectable in situ gelling hydrogels are viable treatment options for meniscal injuries occurring in athletes. The present study aims to develop an injectable hydrogel via borax complexation of oxidized alginate, followed by a self-crosslinking reaction with gelatin through a Schiff’s base reaction. Gelation kinetics and degree of crosslinking could be controlled by changing the concentration of components and the formation of Schiff ;'s base formation was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. The injectable alginate dialdehyde-gelatin (15ADA20G) hydrogel showed 423 ± 20 % water uptake, had an average pore size of 48 μm and compressive strength 295 ± 32 kPa. Phase contrast images, scanning electron micrographs and actin staining depicted adhesion, profuse proliferation, and distribution of fibrochondrocytes on the hydrogel demonstrating its cytocompatibility. Application of hydrogel at the pig meniscal tear ex vivo showed good integration with the host meniscal tissue. Further, the histology of 15ADA20G hydrogel filled meniscus showed retention of hydrogel in the close proximity of meniscal tear even after 3days in culture. The self-crosslinking injectable hydrogel offers a niche for the growth of fibrochondrocytes
Pattern of self-care practices among individuals with hypertension in Kollam district, Kerala
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