Institutional Digital Repository (Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpu)

Agarwalla, Deepak Kumar

Investigation into the Acoustics of Microperforated Panel Absorbers

Sherpa, Da Doma

Insight into the Mechanism of Recurrent Spontaneous Miscarriage of Unknown Etiology using Metabolomic and Vibrational Spectroscopic Approaches

Pathak, Divya Prakash

1. Abstract 
This doctoral thesis, titled "Escalating Standardisation in the Internet of Things: A Legal Study of 
FRAND Licensing Terms," examines the role of standard-setting organizations (SSOs) in the IoT 
industry (encompassing 36 SSOs), particularly in applying Fair, Reasonable, and Non-
Discriminatory (FRAND) licensing responsibilities and patent disclosure requirements through 
their IPR policies and by-laws. The study's findings include, diverse patent disclosure and licensing 
practices. The research uncovers the significance of uniform and transparent patent disclosure, 
mandatory licensing obligations, and need of royalty structuring and dispute resolution in the 
approaches adopted by SDOs.  
The thesis also delves into SEP and FRAND commitments in the telecom sector, analysing various 
litigation outcomes in different forums. Courts consistently uphold the obligation of SEP holders 
to license under FRAND terms, with alleged infringers obligated to negotiate in good faith. Seeking 
injunctions without offering FRAND licenses or not negotiating in good faith is considered a 
breach of FRAND obligations. Abuse of dominant position by SEP holders in licensing is 
addressed, with frameworks established for determining injunctive relief abuse. The research 
contributes to a better understanding of the complex legal and technical issues surrounding 
standardization in the IoT industry and provides recommendations for addressing legal and 
economic concerns pertinent to the development of the IoT sector. 
 By comprehensively analysing the landscape of IoT-related patents (133,932 patents) and 
standards, the study highlights the involved technology spread and organizations, jurisdictions, and 
technology segments. Furthermore, the study examines the Indian context, highlighting patent 
trends yet lack of standardisation efforts in IoT-related developments. It discusses the role of Indian 
corporations, academic institutions in patent filings and standardisation. The research showcases 
India's emergence as a significant player in IoT patents, advocating for transparent policies that 
encourage innovation and competition.  
The thesis suggests enhancing SEP disclosure transparency, considering patent pools for managing 
IoT intellectual property, including Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanisms, and 
advocating uniform IP policies across SDOs. It underscores the need for adaptive legal frameworks 
that balance the interests of all stakeholders in the dynamic IoT environment. 
Keywords: Standard Essential Patents, FRAND, IoT Patents, Standards, Standard Development    
 


Escalating Standardisation in the Internet of Things: A Legal Study of Frand Licensing Terms

Laha, Sampad

Dynamics of Cellular Suspensions in Bioengineered Microfluidic Confinements: Perspectives from Physiology-On-Chip to On-Chip Medical Diagnostics

Satpathy, Bangmaya

Development of Novel Cyanide-Free Electroplating Baths for the Deposition of Precious Metals

Jha, Nitesh Kumar

Online Inquiry-based Learning Platform for Computational Thinking

Singh, Suraj

Static and Dynamic Behaviour of Piezoelectric Structures in Presence of Crack

Shrivastava, Shubham

An Integrated AI and Experimental Method for Evaluating Shear Strength of in Situ Overburden Dumps

Bhattacharyya, Swarup Krishna

Tailor-Made Multifunctional Smart Scaffold for Target Specific Drug-Delivery and Sensing Applications

Mukundan, Lakshmi M.

Engineered Nano-Particulate and Hydrogel-Based Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Regeneration

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