Institutional Digital Repository (Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpu)

A, Nithya

Effect of Rice Cultivar Variety and Type on Fortified Rice Kernels Quality and Protocols for Micronutrient Estimation

Sarmah, Palakshi

Happiness: Assessment, Predictors, and Interventions

Vallecha, Harshit

Evaluation of Community Renewable Energy for Sustainable Electricity Access in India

Dinda, Krishna

Development of a Non-Stationary and Non-Gaussian Copula-Based Simulation Model for Recoverable Reserve Estimation with Application to a Porphyry Copper Deposit

Kumar, Lalit

Scour Around Bridge Elements under Combined Wave-Current Flows

Bera, Sudharanjan

ABSTRACT 
The thesis entitled, “Design and Synthesis of Phosphate-, Amide- and Dye-linked Functional Porous Organic 
Polymers for Catalysis and Iodine Uptake Applications” is divided into four chapters.  
In Chapter 1, a concise overview is provided, outlining the pertinent topics addressed in this thesis. These 
include discussions on POPs, functional POPs, and their diverse applications across fields such as loading 
nanoparticles onto POPs for their use as heterogeneous catalysts, photocatalysts, pollutant removal, along with 
an exploration of the scope covered in the current study. Chapter 2A of the thesis focuses on the loading of Ag 
and Ru nanoparticles onto the porous organic polymer OPN-4. The resulting metal nanoparticle-loaded OPN-4, 
referred to as Ag@OPN-4 and Ru@OPN-4, served as heterogeneous catalysts. Ag@OPN-4 demonstrated 
effective use as a heterogeneous catalyst in the reduction of nitroarene derivatives, while Ru@OPN-4 acted as a 
heterogeneous catalyst in the oxidation of benzyl alcohol derivatives. Following the completion of the reactions, 
both Ag@OPN-4 and Ru@OPN-4 were successfully removed from the reaction mixture and reused for up to 
five cycles. Ref: ChemNanoMat., 2023, 9, e202300088. Chapter 2B of the thesis focuses on the synthesis of a 
novel porous polymer, OPN-5 and the incorporation of Pd nanoparticles onto two porous organic polymers, 
namely OPN-4 and OPN-5. The resulting metal nanoparticle-loaded materials, designated as Pd@OPN-4 and 
Pd@OPN-5, act as heterogeneous catalysts. Both Pd@OPN-4 and Pd@OPN-5 exhibited effective performance 
as heterogeneous catalysts in the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions, resulting in excellent yields. 
Additionally, Pd@OPN-4 was employed as a heterogeneous catalyst in the Stille cross-coupling reaction, which 
also demonstrated excellent yields. Following the completion of the reactions, both Pd@OPN-4 and Pd@OPN-
5 were efficiently removed from the reaction mixture and reused up to five cycles. Ref: ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 
2023, 6, 15002-15011. Chapter 3A of the thesis is dedicated to the synthesis of three xanthene dyes, namely 
fluorescein, eosin yellow, and erythrosine blue-based porous organic polymers (F-POP, EY-POP, and EB-
POP). These dye-based porous organic polymers function as heterogeneous photocatalysts. In the presence of 
light, the dye-based polymers generated reactive oxygen species (ROS), specifically the superoxide radical anion. 
This radical anion actively participated in the oxidative hydroxylation of phenylboronic acids to produce phenols 
at room temperature, consistently yielding good to excellent isolated yields (up to 78% for EB-POP). 
Additionally, these metal-free photocatalysts demonstrated efficient activity in generating biologically active 1,3-
oxathiolane-2-thiones from styrene, achieving a 75% yield for EB-POP. Ref: ACS Appl. Nano Mater., 2024, 7, 
529-538.Chapter 3B of the thesis is devoted to the creation of dye-based porous organic polymers, specifically 
RB-POP derived from rose bengal and Ph-POP from phenolphthalein. These dye-infused porous organic 
polymers served as heterogeneous photocatalysts. In the presence of light, these polymers generate reactive 
oxygen species (ROS). RB-POP, in particular, exhibited remarkable catalytic activities, demonstrating high 
efficiency in the selective oxidation of thioanisole to methyl phenyl sulfoxide (achieving up to a 98% isolated 
yield within 4-10 hours) and the green synthesis of benzimidazoles (with yields reaching up to 99% within 1-2 
hours). Furthermore, RB-POP showcased impressive recycling capabilities, maintaining good photoactivity over 
five cycles. Overall, these findings underscored high thermal stability, robust visible light absorption capacity, 
and recyclability of our dye-incorporated nanoporous organic polymers. Ref: Manuscript submitted. Chapter 4A 
of the thesis concentrates on crafting three innovative amide-linked porous organic polymers (POPs), namely 
CD-POP, PD-POP, and BD-POP. These polymers contain a higher number of heteroatoms, enabling effective 
binding of iodine in both vapor and solution phases. PD-POP, in particular, exhibited an iodine uptake capacity 
of 3.53 g/g in the vapor phase and 297 mg/g in the solution phase. The adsorbed iodine was also easily removed 
from the polymer, and these polymers exhibited the ability to be reused up to five times without experiencing any 
significant loss in iodine uptake capacity. Ref: ACS Appl. Nano Mater., 2024, 7, 1797-1803. 
Chapter 4B of the thesis is dedicated to the development of innovative phosphate-based porous organic 
polymers (POPs), specifically AZO-POP-P, OPN-3, OPN-4, and OPN-5. These polymers feature an increased 
number of heteroatoms—nitrogen, oxygen, and phosphorous—facilitating the effective binding of iodine. The 
chapter delved into the adsorption of iodine, whether in its molecular iodine or polyiodide state, by the polymers, 
elucidating the specific binding sites on the polymer. Notably, AZO-POP-P showcased an iodine uptake capacity 
of 3.56 g/g in the vapor phase. The polymers allowed for easy removal of adsorbed iodine, and these materials 
exhibited the capability of being reused up to five times without any significant loss in iodine uptake capacity. 
Ref: Manuscript submitted. 
Keywords: porous organic polymers, nanoparticles, heterogeneous catalysis, cross coupling reactions, xanthene 
dyes, photocatalysis, reactive oxygen species, amide-linkage, iodine uptake. 


Design and Synthesis of Phosphate-, Amide- and Dyelinked Functional Porous Organic Polymers for Catalysis and Iodine Uptake Applications

Dash, Ashutosh

Non-Invasive Cardiovascular Condition Screening Using Lumped Parameter Models

Ranjan, Kumar Sanat

Energetics, Path-Planning, and Wind Tunnel Experimental Study to Understand Transoceanic Migration of Dragonfly Pantala Flavescens

Das, Tanmoy

Resistance Spot Welding of Similar and Dissimilar Sheet Materials with Carbonaceous Interlayers

Sharma, Abhishek

Influence of Bend Angle on the Particle Laden Flows in Sharply Bent Channels

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