Open Research Oklahoma (Oklahoma State Univ.)
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Comparison of a paper-pencil and computer-based taped problems intervention to increase computation fluency
No full textAn adapted alternating treatments design was used to compare the effects of classwide applications of a paper-pencil and computer-based Taped Problems intervention designed to enhance addition fact fluency in intact second-grade classrooms. Results showed that the paper-pencil intervention caused greater growth in addition fact fluency than the computer-based intervention or control condition. The computer-based intervention did not indicate significant growth in addition fact fluency. The discussion focuses on using computer-based interventions to increase computation fluency, future directions for research, and addresses limitations of the study
Academic abilities and habits of college students with developmental dyslexia
No full textDevelopmental dyslexia is characterized by poor spelling and decoding skills in children with typical intelligence, and aspects of dyslexia such as slow reading persist into adulthood. Numerous studies have examined the cognitive profiles of young adults with dyslexia, and other studies have used surveys to examine the subjective experience of young adults with dyslexia, but there is a persistent need to combine cognitive measures with the survey data. The present study asks: How do college students with dyslexia report their academic abilities and habits, and do their reports match their cognitive profiles? Data was collected from college students both with and without a history of dyslexia. A survey was conducted in which participants were asked to self-evaluate their a) inherent academic or cognitive abilities and b) learned academic skills or habits. Separate multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) were conducted to compare academic abilities and habits in students with dyslexia and with typical reading. For academic abilities, there was no main effect of dyslexia status. However, the groups differed in their self-evaluation of reading fluency. Participants’ reading fluency self-evaluation and their scores from normative testing were then analyzed for correlations. Reading fluency self-evaluations correlated with real-word reading, nonword reading, reading fluency, and phonological awareness. For the analysis of academic habits, there was no main effect of dyslexia status or significantly different ratings. Reading fluency continues to be an area of difficulty for students with dyslexia in higher education. The results also suggest that many students with dyslexia have academic habits equivalent to their peers. Thus, the existing resources and accommodations for students with dyslexia in a university setting may be appropriate
Workload indexed blood pressure response to ramp exercise across intensity domains
No full textDuring exercise, systolic blood pressure (SBP) increases due to rising cardiac output and vascular resistance. The slope of SBP relative to power output (ΔSBP/ΔW) has been proposed as a marker of cardiovascular risk, but whether this relationship varies across exercise intensity domains remains unclear. This study aimed to determine if ΔSBP/ΔW differs across moderate, heavy, and severe exercise intensity domains and whether domain-specific analysis offers added insight compared to the overall response. Thirteen healthy adults (21 ± 2.7 yrs; 7F/6M) completed a graded ramp cycling test to task failure, followed by a 3-minute all-out test to estimate critical power (CP). Exercise domains were defined individually as moderate ( CP). Beat-by-beat SBP was recorded via finger photoplethysmography, and ΔSBP/ΔW was calculated within each domain and for the overall test. Data were analyzed using mixed-effects linear modeling. No significant differences in ΔSBP/ΔW were observed between domains or compared to the overall response. However, within-domain variability was greater in the heavy (CV=0.76) and severe (CV=0.73) domains compared to moderate (CV=0.55). On average, SBP rose from 131 ± 11.1 mmHg at rest to 179 ± 38.5 mmHg at peak. CP occurred at 82% of VO₂peak, with average CP and VO₂peak values of 184 ± 62 W and 36 ± 9.2 mL/kg/min, respectively. While ΔSBP/ΔW did not differ significantly across intensity domains, increased variability in the heavy and severe domains suggests that individual cardiovascular responses may be more nuanced than overall trends reveal. This highlights the potential value of domain-specific analyses for identifying abnormal blood pressure responses that could indicate elevated cardiovascular risk, especially in populations with varied fitness levels. Further research in larger and more diverse cohorts is warranted to refine the use of workload-indexed SBP as a clinical tool
Evaluating growth by opportunities to respond and initial fluency level in a taped problems intervention
No full textThe use of technology in classrooms to address academic deficits has grown significantly in recent years. Although technology-based learning can benefit students, further research is needed to determine the optimal amount of intervention required for adequate progress. Additionally, more studies are necessary to understand how initial skill level has an effect on intervention selection and dosage. Evaluating the relationship between intervention dosage and initial skill level is crucial for using resources effectively. This study examined the interaction between opportunities to respond (OTR) as a measure of dosage and initial fluency level in a computerized math program. Ninety-five third-grade students participated in the study and were randomly assigned to one of four OTR groups: 1 OTR (12 problems), 4 OTR (48 problems), 8 OTR (96 problems), and 12 OTR (144 problems). Students participated in the intervention for 20 school days with progress monitoring every other day. The results suggested the OTR dosage was predictive of students' growth in digits correct per minute over time, with significant interaction differences observed between low and high initial fluency groups in the 12 OTR group. The study’s limitations and future research implications are discussed
Sundance Avionics
No full textThis report of my capstone was made with the intent to simplify the work we did over the semester as much as possible for future members of Cowboy Rocketworks
Development of a cowling with cooling ports for co-axial propeller operation at low-Reynolds number conditions
No full textThis thesis presents the development of a cowling with cooling ports for electric motors to evaluate the performance of a co-axial propeller as tested on a dynamometer in a wind tunnel at low Reynolds number conditions. Co-axial propellers produce more thrust than a single propeller with the same diameter. A cowling shields the complex motor hardware required for co-axial operation, preventing viscous flow interaction losses. Although drag associated with the cooling ports is expected to increase, the overall drag of the assembly is expected to be lower with the cowling installed. The cooling ports are intended to reduce electrical component temperature to ensure it will operate at a higher efficiency. Cowling internal cooling effectiveness is expected to be reduced at low Reynolds number operation because the external flow at this scale is less likely to pass through the cooling ports due to viscous effects overcoming flow momentum. To investigate this, a cowling with cooling ports was designed to enclose a co-axial test rig. A numerical study was conducted to help visualize the flow around the cowling and the cooling ports. Due to its high complexity, the internal hardware of the co-axial rig was simplified to model the correct flow blockage. The focus of the numerical study is on the external flow interactions and inflow at the cooling ports. The flow pattern within the cowling was not investigated due to its complexity. An experimental study was conducted with a single 18-in propeller driven by an electric motor attached to a dynamometer in a 3-ft by 3-ft wind tunnel test section. The experiment visualized the flow around the cooling port at a range of advance ratios. The observations from these tests determined the effectiveness of the cooling ports at different conditions. Tests were conducted at a range of wind tunnel speeds from 0 mph to 34 mph, with the propeller RPM varying from 0 RPM to 4000 RPM, and cowling with and without cooling ports. Observations from this study indicate that the cooling port flow direction depend significantly on the advance ratio. This study will help unmanned aircraft designers balance cooling effectiveness with cowling drag at low Reynolds numbers
Examining differences in internalizing and externalizing scores between Hispanic and non-Hispanic children on the English BASC-3 PRS-C
No full textThis study examined differences in internalizing and externalizing behaviors between Hispanic and non-Hispanic elementary-aged children using the Behavior Assessment System for Children, Third Edition (BASC-3) Parent Rating Scale – Child form (PRS-C). The sample included Hispanic and non-Hispanic children aged 6–11 who completed psychodiagnostic evaluations at a pediatric clinic in Oklahoma. A 2 (Gender: Male, Female) × 2 (Race/Ethnicity: Hispanic, Non-Hispanic) multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted to assess differences in internalizing and externalizing scores. Results revealed a statistically significant main effect for gender, with males demonstrating higher externalizing problem scores compared to females. No significant main effects for race/ethnicity or interaction effects were found at the multivariate level, though several effects approached significance, particularly regarding externalizing problems among Hispanic males. Follow-up univariate and simple main effects analyses indicated that Hispanic males scored significantly higher than Hispanic females on externalizing behaviors. Observed power was generally low, highlighting the need for cautious interpretation of non-significant findings. These results underscore the importance of considering gender differences when assessing behavioral functioning in diverse populations and emphasize the need for early identification and intervention efforts targeting externalizing behaviors among male children. Implications for culturally responsive assessment practices and recommendations for future research are discussed
"A chamber of horrors": The Union army's collection of human remains and the development of the Army Medical Museum
No full textThis research follows the development of the Army Medical Museum (AMM) during the Civil War and its subsequent collection and display of human remains originating from the field of battle. Curatorial practices surrounding human remains have changed rapidly in the past century, and the AMM played a significant role in the nineteenth-century display of human remains as the first nationally-affiliated institution in the world to actively collect such materials for study and display. This is a multidisciplinary study, engaging with sociology, history, and disability and Indigenous studies. Analyzing photographs of remains in the AMM’s collection alongside those of living veterans photographed both during and after the war determines the differences in how various groups approached the living and the deceased, both in museum spaces and in daily life. Veterans of the Civil War who chose to participate in the AMM’s Living Collection used their autonomy to seek social veneration in a time where the American public was becoming increasingly resentful of their presence. The Deceased Collection, which did not offer such choices to these soldiers, provided a space through which veterans and families could mourn their loved ones while the public would engage with these same spaces by objectifying the individuals on display. By connecting the history of the AMM to other institutions with similar curatorial practices, the AMM is situated at the forefront of systematic remains collection and curation in the United States. This history is significant because it connects the history of human remains curation in museums to fields such as disability and Native American studies, giving a deeper understanding of the pervasive nature of casual dehumanization in museums and its effects over time
Cherokee Freedmen: An unmarked history
No full textDuring my research, I developed a more nuanced understanding of the tenuous relationship between Cherokee Freedmen and the Cherokee Nation. I used the four major constitutions of the Cherokee Nation and the Tribal Treaty of 1866 to examine how Cherokee Freedmen interacted with the large zeitgeist of each time period, which illuminates a multitude of intersections in identity – both social and economic– often overlooked in Indigenous history, a divisive issue that continues to fragment the tribe today. The goal of this paper was to highlight a gap in the historiography which was a perspective that balanced indigenous and black history within the larger environment of American history. While the scope of this thesis was quite extensive it still allowed for an in-depth exploration of the patterns and continuities in Cherokee Freedmen history
Mindshaping and mindreading: Reexamining their roles in social cognition
No full textEngaging in folk psychology involves attributing mental states such as beliefs, desires, and intentions to others, a practice traditionally understood as mindreading. Some theorists have posited that the role of mindreading in folk psychology needs to be redefined. These theorists argue that folk psychology primarily involves mindshaping, in which behaviors and mental states are molded through social norm enforcement to promote coordination within groups. I contend that the argument for restructuring the role of mindreading in folk psychology fails. To be able to shape the mental state of an individual, one must understand first how the target’s mind works to an extent. First, I argue that the proponents of mindshaping do not have a broad understanding of what mindreading entails. Second, I argue that the reasons they give for the role of standard view of mindreading to be redefined in folk psychology do not support restructuring the conception of folk psychology. In essence, the alternative image of folk psychology presented cannot be accepted. Thus, the case for presupposition of mindshaping role over mindreading role in folk psychology remains unjustified