Open Research Oklahoma (Oklahoma State Univ.)
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Dynamic characterization of meta-configured nanoparticle-fabric composites
No full textThe possibility of enhancing the kinetic energy absorption of aramid fabrics such as Kevlar® under ballistic impact via silica nanoparticle impregnation is well known. This approach has potential to enable more lightweight and compact protective structures in applications such as personal body armor, built environments and in aerospace vehicles. In this experimental study, firstly, a colloid-based soaking process was employed to impregnate dry silica nanoparticles into plain woven Kevlar 29-based K745 fabric. The silica nanoparticles used are 80 nm diameter spherical and are suspended in an aqueous colloid. Neat and 10, 20, 30, and 40 percentage by weight of nanoparticle-treated Kevlar samples were prepared. Aluminum tabs were bonded to the fabric samples using epoxy to ensure consistent boundary condition when installed in the ballistic containment box. A compressed air gun rig firing a 0.357” caliber projectile at a speed of ~270 (±10) m/s was used to test the samples. The incident and residual velocities of the projectile were recorded using a high-speed camera. From these measurements, the specific energy absorbed is determined. Further, the entry and exit damaged zone areas are analyzed to understand the failure modes and energy dissipation mechanisms involved. The 30 wt.% silica nanoparticle-treated samples performed significantly better than the neat samples, absorbing, on average, 2.3 times more specific energy. Further, 40 wt.% treated sample has ~17.3 % overall mass advantage (due to three less layers being needed) vis-à-vis neat Kevlar for the nonpenetrative case. This is attributable to enhanced friction and shear rigidity in the treated samples. SEM imaging reveals that nanoparticles agglomerate in the yarn interstitial spaces, better engaging secondary yarns away from the impact location. Finally, drawing inspiration from metamaterials, meta-configured structures (MCS) based on nanoparticle-Kevlar composites are investigated to ascertain their ballistic characteristics. In MCS, a confluence of hybrid materials and design innovations is used to deliver enhanced ballistic performance compared to conventionally configured structures. They are amenable to multifunctional integration enabling lightweight, compact ballistic and acoustic barriers. A prototypical MCS synergistically combining silica nanoparticle-treated Kevlar fabric with other structural materials through a bio-inspired design approach is fabricated and tested. MCS displayed a 37 % increase in specific energy absorption over its conventionally configured counterparts. MCS offers a promising route to enhanced multifunctional structural solutions in applications related to personal protection, ballistic containment, aerospace vehicle hulls and field infrastructures.Mechanical and Aerospace Engineerin
Evaluating data-sharing policies and author compliance in leading orthopedics journals
No full textIntroduction/Objectives: Orthopedic surgery is a critical field, impacting global healthcare expenditure and patient outcomes. Despite substantial research funding, issues of transparency and reproducibility persist, undermining the credibility of published findings. Data-sharing initiatives aim to address these challenges by promoting accessibility and enhancing research reliability. We aimed to assess the landscape of data-sharing practices within orthopedic surgery, focusing on the top orthopedic journals from 2020 to 2023.Methods: Original research articles from ten of the top orthopedic journals were screened and analyzed for data-sharing statements (DSS). Furthermore, we identified influential variables on the inclusion of DSS in orthopedic clinical-studies; and thematically analyzed their content to identify prevalent themes. Lastly, corresponding authors were contacted to assess their willingness to share their data.Results: Of the 1,084 articles reviewed, only 14% included DSS. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery demonstrated the highest proportion of articles with DSS. Over time, clinical trials exhibited an increasing trend in DSS adoption contrasting with consistently low rates among cohort studies. Thematic analysis identified gatekeeper role and conditional data availability as predominant themes within orthopedic DSS. Of the emails sent to corresponding authors, only 28 (24.35%) responded; and of those who responded only 12 (42.86%) expressed a willingness to share their data.Conclusions: Our findings underscore a significant disparity in data-sharing practices across orthopedic journals, highlighting the need for standardization and mandates for DSS. Adopting the Transparency and Openness Promotion (TOP) Guidelines can enhance accountability and foster a culture of open science within the field. By addressing these shortcomings, orthopedic journals can improve research reproducibility and advance scientific knowledge effectively
Per - and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) - Potential risk to rural groundwater systems
No full textThe Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service periodically issues revisions to its publications. The most current edition is made available. For access to an earlier edition, if available for this title, please contact the Oklahoma State University Library Archives by email at [email protected] or by phone at 405-744-6311
Behavioral exercise motivation is more associated with ACFT success than body composition in collegiate Army ROTC cadets
No full textObjectives: Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC) cadets face unique physical demands due to structured military-style training, which may predispose them to musculoskeletal injury. However, concurrent evaluation of cadets’ musculotendinous structure, neuromuscular function, and behavioral factors such as sleep and exercise motivation is limited. Therefore, the primary purpose of this investigation was to compare musculotendinous morphology, tendon mechanics, and neuromuscular characteristics between ROTC cadets and physically active, non-military controls. A secondary investigative purpose was to assess whether body composition and motivation were associated with Army Combat Fitness Test (ACFT) performance within cadets. Methods: Thirty-four ROTC cadets (n=5 females; n=29 males) and 34 sex-, age-, and body mass-matched controls completed questionnaires on training habits, injury history, sleep (PSQI), and exercise motivation (BREQ-3), followed by body composition assessment, diagnostic ultrasonography of the medial gastrocnemius and Achilles tendon, and isometric plantarflexion force testing. Independent t-tests compared group means, and Pearson’s bivariate correlations were used within the ROTC group to assess relationships between Achilles tendon properties and sleep quality, as well as between exercise motivation, body composition, and ACFT performance, with significance set at α = 0.050. Results: Cadets presented greater weekly exercise volume and increased Achilles tendon stiffness compared to controls (all p≤0.004; d≥0.71), despite reduced gastrocnemius muscle volume, shorter fascicle lengths, and lower plantarflexion force (all p≤0.039; d≥0.43). Within cadets, poorer sleep quality was moderately associated with increased tendon stiffness and reduced echogenicity (all r≥.400; p≤0.046), while intrinsic exercise motivation (r=.693; p=0.001), but not body composition (all r≤0.211; p ≥0.371), showed moderate positive correlations with ACFT performance. Conclusions: ROTC cadets demonstrated higher tendon thickness coinciding with lower muscle volume and force production, suggesting potential increased musculotendinous injury risk. Additionally, intrinsic motivation, rather than body composition, showed stronger associations with ACFT performance. These findings highlight the importance of evaluating both physical and behavioral traits to better understand readiness and injury susceptibility in tactical populations.Lew Wentz FoundationKinesiology, Applied Health, and Recreatio
Getting started with financial caregiving
No full textThe Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service periodically issues revisions to its publications. The most current edition is made available. For access to an earlier edition, if available for this title, please contact the Oklahoma State University Library Archives by email at [email protected] or by phone at 405-744-6311
Shared language erosion: Understanding its effects on Ethiopian youth in the U.S.
No full textShared Language Erosion (SLE) occurs when children of immigrants increase their English proficiency through schools and social interactions and experience declines in their heritage language proficiency. Meanwhile, their monolingual parents make only modest gains in their English, creating a linguistic gap within the family. As a result, parents and children tend to lose proficiency in the same language. This linguistic gap creates a communication barrier that contributes to weakened emotional connections and increased family conflicts leading to the loss of ethnic socialization and identity in children who then struggle to relate to their parents’ cultural values, traditions, and expectations.
Weakened family relationships and a diminished sense of ethnic belonging are key indicators of negative youth development being associated with outcomes such as depression, anxiety, and substance use among immigrant youth. Although these associations are beginning to be documented in Hispanic families, research on Ethiopian immigrant families are limited. This study aims to addresses this gap by exploring the associations between SLE, ethnic socialization and identity among Ethiopian immigrants in the United States.
This study is currently collecting survey data from 50 Ethiopian parent-youth dyads across the United States. Participants are recruited by using flyers and videos in social media and through the support of key community partners such as churches and community centers. Data is collected online using the Qualtrics platform. Upon completion of the survey, each participant (i.e., parent and child) is compensated with a $20 Amazon gift card code.
We hypothesize that SLE is negatively associated with ethnic socialization and identity and will test our hypothesis with correlational analyses in SPSS. Understanding the effects of SLE on family relationships is crucial to be able to create the kind of interventions that promote strong and healthy families. Findings from this study will inform the development of interventions aimed at Ethiopian families.Human Development and Family Science
Cross sectional analysis of artificial intelligence guidelines in journals of pediatrics, perinatology and child health
No full textBackground: Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing Pediatric research by advancing data analysis, systematic reviews, and clinical practices. Despite its potential, integration of this technology raises concerns about transparency, ethical application, and reproducibility remain significant. This study aims to examine how prominent Pediatric journals navigate these opportunities and challenges through their author guidelines and policies.Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was performed on the top 100 peer-reviewed Pediatric journals, ranked by the 2023 SCImago SJR indicator. Information was collected from each journal’s "Instructions for Authors" to assess AI-related policies, including guidelines for AI-specific reporting, authorship criteria, and the use of AI in manuscript preparation and image creation. Correlational analyses were used to examine the association between AI policies and journal characteristics.Results: Out of the 100 journals analyzed, 87% referenced AI use in their author instructions, with most disallowing AI authorship but requiring authors to disclose AI involvement in submissions. AI-generated content was permitted by 22% of journals, and 37% allowed AI-generated images. Journals with higher impact factors were more likely to feature comprehensive AI policies, yet significant inconsistencies and a lack of standardized guidance remain.Conclusion: Although many Pediatric journals acknowledge the impact of AI in research, few promote AI-specific reporting guidelines, hindering standardization and transparency. We advocate for the implementation of robust guidelines to uphold ethical practices, reproducibility, and high-quality research in this era of AI-driven advancements
Bovine-bison stem cell validation through embryoid body formation
No full textSince the late 19th century, efforts have been made to produce bison-cattle hybrids due to their superior traits, including disease resistance, efficient weight gain, and high-quality milk. However, successful crossbreeding remains challenging, often resulting in low fertility and high abortion rates. To further explore these hybrids, our lab established embryonic stem cell (ESC) lines from bovine × bison embryos. ESCs are pluripotent cells capable of differentiating into any cell type from the three germ layers and are valuable tools for studying early development and genetics. To validate the pluripotency and origin of these hybrid ESC lines, several assays can be performed, including immunohistochemistry, alkaline phosphatase staining, teratoma formation, and embryoid body (EB) formation. EBs are 3D aggregates formed in suspension culture that mimic aspects of early embryogenesis and contain cells from all three germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. To confirm differentiation, gene expression analysis via qPCR is performed using germ layer–specific markers. This project also provides hands-on experience in ESC culture, RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, and qPCR, contributing to both scientific understanding and technical training.Animal and Food Science
Exploring the endorsement of artificial intelligence guidelines among top dermatology journals: A cross-sectional analysis
No full textIntroduction/Objectives: Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming dermatology research by revolutionizing data analysis, advancing systematic reviews, and driving clinical innovation. However, as the adoption of AI grows, concerns about transparency, ethical use, and reproducibility have become increasingly prominent. This study evaluates how leading dermatology journals address these challenges and opportunities, focusing specifically on their author instructions and policies.Methods: A comprehensive, cross-sectional analysis was conducted on the top 100 peer-reviewed Dermatology journals, as ranked by the 2023 SCImago SJR indicator. Data was extracted from each journal’s "Instructions for Authors" to identify AI-related policies, such as guidelines for AI usage, authorship requirements, and the use of AI in manuscript development and image creation. Correlational analyses were performed to explore potential links between AI policy presence and journal characteristics.Results: Of the 100 journals reviewed, 45% addressed AI in their author instructions. The majority prohibited AI-generated authorship while requiring disclosure of AI's role in submissions. 17% of journals allowed AI-generated content, and 28% permitted AI-created images. We found no correlation between impact factor and the inclusion of AI policies, as the number of journals mentioning AI policies was fairly consistent across both high and low impact factor categories.Conclusions: Although many Dermatology journals acknowledge AI’s growing influence in research, few offer AI-specific reporting guidelines, limiting the standardization and transparency of its use. To foster ethical, reproducible, and high-quality research, we advocate for the widespread adoption of comprehensive AI policies
Stay interviews in action: Strengthening employee satisfaction and retention in libraries
No full textIn 2024, Oklahoma State University Libraries implemented stay interviews across three departments to proactively assess employee satisfaction and avenues for organizational improvement. This approach created a structured, yet flexible interview process designed to yield valuable insights while prioritizing employee comfort and encouraging honest communication. Stay interviews are a valuable investment in your team that requires dedicated time and intentional effort.Librar