Open Research Oklahoma (Oklahoma State Univ.)
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Sustainable planning for next generation airports: a qualitative case study of airport planning practices and professionals
No full textIn the brief history of aviation, beginning in 1903 at a bicycle shop in Dayton, Ohio, mankind's love and fascination with flight was propelled to new heights. As our nation began to develop a system of airports, it quickly became clear that a synchronized and efficient airport system could only thrive as a result of sound planning and engineering. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to determine the critical elements of the airport master plan, assess how each element impacts capital and fiscal planning for airport sponsors, and determine the benefits resulting from the implementation of a digital airport planning interface when compared to traditional methods. Data was collected through interviews with a specialized group of aviation management, planning, engineering, and regulatory professionals. The interviews were structured around a questionnaire containing ten questions that sought to identify each participant's professional and educational experience and surveyed their opinions regarding the effectiveness of traditional airport planning practices. The interviews also discussed inconsistencies existing with current aircraft operations data collection methods and garnered input regarding the proposed implementation of a digital airport planning interface. The data collected during the interviews was transcribed, coded, and analyzed using NVivo 14. The analysis identified four primary themes and sixteen secondary themes. The study defined the critical elements of the master plan and identified a clear need for the development of an advanced airport planning tool. Furthermore, the study determined the willingness of industry professionals to depart from traditional planning methods and accept the implementation of a digitally-based platform. The study recommended the refinement, development, and testing of a digital planning interface. The results of the study suggest a favorable climate for the implementation of the tool, increase the overall body of knowledge in academia and provide a recommended course of action in the field of aviation planning and engineering
Loss-of-function mutants and overexpression lines of the Arabidopsis cyclin CYCA1;2/TARDY ASYNCHRONOUS MEIOSIS exhibit different defects in prophase-I meiocytes but produce the same abnormal meiotic products
No full textIn Arabidopsis, loss-of-function mutations in the A-type cyclin CYCA1;2/TARDY ASYNCHRONOUS MEIOSIS (TAM) gene lead to the production of abnormal meiotic products including triads and dyads. Here we report that overexpression of TAM by the ASK1:TAM transgene also led to the production of triads and dyads in meiosis, as well as shriveled seeds, in a dominant fashion. However, the partial loss-of-function mutant tam-1, an ASK1:TAM line, and the wild type differed in dynamic changes in chromosome thread thickness from zygotene to diplotene. We also found that the pericentromeric heterochromatin regions in male meiocytes in tam-1 and tam-2 (a null allele) frequently formed a tight cluster at the pachytene and diplotene stages, in contrast to the infrequent occurrences of such clusters in the wild type and the ASK1:TAM line. Immunolocalization studies of the chromosome axial component ASY1 revealed that ASY1 was highly expressed at the appropriate male meiotic stages but not localized to the chromosomes in tam-2. The level of ASY1, however, was greatly reduced in another ASK1:TAM line with much overexpressed TAM. Our results indicate that the reduction and increase in the activity of TAM differentially affect chromosomal morphology and the action of ASY1 in prophase I. Based on these results, we propose that either the different meiotic defects or a common defect such as missing ASY1 on the chromosomal axes triggers a hitherto uncharacterized cell cycle checkpoint in the male meiocytes in the tam mutants and ASK1:TAM lines, leading to the production of the same abnormal meiotic products.Plant Biology, Ecology and Evolutio
Pipe material's influence on chlorine residuals in a municipal drinking water distribution system
No full textDrinking water must be treated chemically in order to eliminate pathogenic microbes. Fully treated water is legally required to contain a certain concentration of disinfectant to prevent recontamination in the distribution system. This additional disinfectant is called disinfectant residual. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulation mandates that municipalities monitor residual concentrations throughout the distribution system to ensure that safe water is delivered to consumers. An Oklahoma municipality detected multiple sites throughout their distribution system with substandard residual concentrations during routine monitoring. The Oklahoma State Environmental Science Graduate program sampled 119 sites throughout the distribution system with a HACH SL 1000 portable analyzer. The HACH unit was used to measure free chlorine, total chlorine, monochloramine, free and total ammonia, total alkalinity, nitrite, and ph. Laboratory research generally supports the idea that pipe material can influence residual concentrations. Data were analyzed to determine if there were any significant differences in water quality between 4 different pipe materials that are used in the city’s distribution system (asbestos-cement, cast-iron pipe, ductile-iron pipe, and PVC). Results do not indicate that pipe material influences total chlorine, monochloramine, free ammonia, total ammonia, total alkalinity, nitrite, and pH. Increased distance from the treatment facility was found to result in lower residual concentrations. Increased residual concentration resulted in decreased bacterial presence as measured by heterotrophic plate counts
Effect menstrual cycles phases have on ligament laxity as a risk factor for ACL injuries in female athletes: A critically appraised topic
No full textClinical Scenario: Women are 2-6 times at a higher risk of suffering from an Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) rupture compared to men; hormonal factors are thought to predispose them to this injury. Given the ramifications of ACL injuries, prevention is critical, and clinicians are actively seeking ways to decrease the risk of ACL injuries. This critically appraised topic looked at the four unique phases of the menstrual cycle and the increase of risk ACL injury may have within each phase.Clinical Question: In a normal menstrual cycle, what effects do each phase and hormone fluctuation play on ligament laxity regarding an increase in ACL injury risk in female athletes?Summary of Key Findings: ACL laxity occurring in conjunction with the approximate time of ovulation phase in the menstrual cycle.Clinical Bottom Line: There is moderate evidence to support the notion that a there a greater incidence of ACL injuries or risk in the ovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle. This phase occurs approximately in the middle of a female’s cycle, around days 13-15 and when estrogen levels typically rise. Future research can expand on studying women with menstrual dysfunction and those taking contraceptive hormone therapy as well as investigate not only cis women but transgender, gender fluid, and nonbinary women
Dressing like Laura: Reconstructing women's dress on the Great Plains frontier through the national Cowboy and Western Heritage Museum's dress 2829
No full textThis project explores why women on the 19th century Northern Great Plains frontier continued to follow Euro-American modesty and fashion conventions and purposefully sought out fashionable clothing. In the popular imagination, the frontier was an egalitarian space with minimal cultural constraints; theoretically, it was a place where women could wear clothing that did not align with overall Victorian norms. Yet women from Dakota Territory, North Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, and Montana from 1875 to 1885 continued to wear corsets, wrist length sleeves, and ankle-length skirts and even spend their families’ hard-earned money on decorative clothing.In the National Cowboy and Western Heritage Museum there is a silk dress which this project recreates. The most recent historiography of experimental archeology defines the practice as “the reconstruction of past buildings, technologies, things, and environmental contexts, based on archaeological evidence, and their use, testing, recording, and experience. Through these we are better able to understand the character and role of materiality and material culture in peoples’ lives.” This project continues the field’s turn towards phenomenology and embodied history.Practicality would dictate that settlers eschew fashion norms and dress conventions, but fashion is far more than practicality. Clothing is a physical manifestation of culture and a symbol of the wearer’s morality, class, gender, race, and respectability. This reality was no different on the frontier. Women expressed a desire to return to the lifestyle they had before arriving there. By wearing normative Euro-American clothing, a woman signaled to herself and others that she was still respectable and adhering to societal norms; she had not become uncivilized in the West, and the realities of frontier had not overcome her. Through continuing to follow Euro-American modesty conventions in their everyday clothing and wearing fashionable clothing that served no practical purpose, women were signaling a desire for Euro-American culture to continue and thrive in a frontier space. Clothing was an expression of the hope that one’s burdens were temporary, and a declaration that the supposed wildness of frontier had not consumed the women
Simulating end of life scenarios using interprofessional end of life communication
No full textIntroduction: Effective and compassionate End of Life (EOL) conversations between healthcare providers and patients and their families are an essential part of all medical care. However, many studies have found that medical students and residents often feel unprepared and uncomfortable to have EOL conversations with patients and their families. In addition, other healthcare providers such as nurses, respiratory therapists, and social workers feel unprepared to lead and participate in EOL conversations, especially early in their training. Evidence from previous studies points to a lack of consistent training in EOL conversations for healthcare providers. Caregivers receive irregular education, infrequent practice, and sporadic feedback on EOL conversations. Current medical educational practices and institutional culture in U.S. medical schools does not equip future physicians with the training and skills required for adequate EOL conversations. Training medical professionals to initiate and conduct effective and compassionate EOL conversations with patients and their families is crucial. Interprofessional simulation-based medical education was shown improve participant’s self-efficacy and perceived abilities relating to communication/teamwork and leadership/management of clinical scenarios. This study examines the effectiveness of an Interprofessional EOL Training and Simulation with intervention (specific) feedback versus control feedback in decreasing caregiver anxiety, enhancing knowledge of the role of each team member, promoting future interprofessional collaboration, and improving participants’ knowledge, skills, and performance during real EOL discussions.Methods: All APPs (clinical nurse specialists (CNS), doctor of nursing practice (DNP), master of nursing education (MSN), nurse practitioners (NP), physician assistants (PA)) and APP students, chaplaincy students/trainees, chaplains, child life specialists, medical students, nurses, nursing students, physicians (residents, fellows and faculty), pharmacists and pharmacy students, respiratory therapists, social workers and social work students (henceforth referred to as ‘caregivers’) at the University of Oklahoma are eligible for participation in this study regardless of year of training/experience, sex, gender, race, or religion. Participation in this study was voluntary. Randomized groups of participants were placed into intervention (I Group) or control group (C Group). Participants were scheduled for a 145–165-minute simulation sessions with a Didactic Module, Pre-Simulation Huddle, an EOL communication simulation, and Debrief and Feedback sessions.Results: The study team focused on interprofessional delivery of EOL news from participant simulations (n=18) and found that before feedback (n=10), 50% of EOL conversations were opened by the medical provider role, compared to 0% after feedback (n=8). Furthermore, prior to feedback 90% of EOL prognostic information was delivered by the medical provider role, compared to 100% following feedback. We found that teams with feedback were more likely to have a non-provider initiate EOL discussions with patients. However, teams with feedback were more likely to have the provider deliver the EOL news.Conclusion: Future directions of this overall study include using conversational analysis to determine the effectiveness of the intervention on caregiver’s knowledge, skills, and performance during EOL discussions. We will compare caregiver’s improvement in delivering EOL news based upon changes from Simulation 1 to Simulation 2 from Intervention (IECTT) versus Control (Gap Kalamazoo) feedback using qualitative subgroup analyses. The overall goal is to use findings to develop an educational framework for students from multiple disciplines of healthcare to effectively deliver EOL news and develop the skills required to initiate and lead EOL conversations with patients
Perspective review on solid-organ transplant: Needs in point-of-care optical biomarkers
No full textSolid-organ transplant is one of the most complex areas of modern medicine involving surgery. There are challenging opportunities in solid-organ transplant, specifically regarding the deficiencies in pathology workflow or gaps in pathology support, which may await alleviations or even de novo solutions, by means of point-of-care, or point-of-procedure optical biomarkers. Focusing the discussions of pathology workflow on donor liver assessment, we analyze the undermet need for intraoperative, real-time, and nondestructive assessment of the donor injuries (such as fibrosis, steatosis, and necrosis) that are the most significant predictors of post-transplant viability. We also identify an unmet need for real-time and nondestructive characterization of ischemia or irreversible injuries to the donor liver, earlier than appearing on morphological histology examined with light microscopy. Point-of-procedure laparoscopic optical biomarkers of liver injuries and tissue ischemia may also facilitate post-transplant management that is currently difficult for or devoid of pathological consultation due to lack of tools. The potential and pitfalls of point-of-procedure optical biomarkers for liver assessment are exemplified in breadth for steatosis. The more general and overarching challenges of point-of-procedure optical biomarkers for liver transplant pathology, including the shielding effect of the liver capsule that was quantitated only recently, are projected. The technological and presentational benchmarks that a candidate technology of point-of-procedure optical biomarkers for transplant pathology must demonstrate to motivate clinical translation are also foreseen.Electrical and Computer Engineerin
Preparation of biochar for use as a soil amendment
No full textThe Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service periodically issues revisions to its publications. The most current edition is made available. For access to an earlier edition, if available for this title, please contact the Oklahoma State University Library Archives by email at [email protected] or by phone at 405-744-6311
Parental experience of their child’s cancer diagnosis as a predictor of health anxiety
No full textFollowing a child’s pediatric cancer diagnosis, both the child and parent experience significant psychological stress. Several factors, such as cognitive appraisal mechanisms, demographic variables, stress, anxiety, and social support have been identified as important indicators of psychological risk or resiliency. To date, however, little is known about the experience of health anxiety related to the experience of caring for a child with cancer. Health anxiety is defined as a fear of becoming ill that causes individuals to interpret normal physical symptoms as a sign of illness. The present study explored the relationship between parents’ experience of their child’s cancer journey and the presence of health anxiety in the parent. Parents/caregivers of children with a primary diagnosis of pediatric cancer were recruited from a comprehensive cancer center in the Midwest. All children were currently on active treatment. Parents/caregivers completed self-report questionnaires including demographic information, experience with their child’s illness across 4 domains: guilt and worry, unresolved sorrow and anger, long-term uncertainty, and emotional resources (Parent Experience of Childhood Illness Scale (PECI)), and their own health anxiety (Short Health Anxiety Inventory (SHAI)). Our study found that there is an association between parents’ emotional experiences of sorrow and anger and long-term uncertainty and their health anxiety when caring for their child with cancer. Parents of children with pediatric cancer who experience greater amounts of stress may be at higher risk to develop health anxiety.Lew Wentz FoundationPsycholog
How far behind is my state? The role of economic activity and state partisanship in determining EPR policy
No full textIn 2018, the United States Environmental Protection Agency estimated that the total generation of municipal solid waste in the U.S. alone was 292.4 million tons, approximately 25% of which are plastics, glass, and metal materials. Most of these wastes are managed by state and local governments. Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) systems internalize externalities of municipal waste by forcing manufacturers and importers of plastics, glass and metal materials to take a significant degree of responsibility for the environmental impacts of their products. EPR policy is intended to shift the financial burden of waste management away from consumers and local governments to producers or brand owners. The policy concept is currently more common in European Union countries, where it is mostly regulated within the context of waste electrical and electronic equipment (e-waste), batteries and end-of-life vehicles. In the U.S., EPR policy is not yet widely popular and there is no federal law that requires producers to take such responsibilities; policies have been enacted on a state-by-state basis. This paper, therefore, studies the relationship between adoption of EPR laws and several state internal characteristics: state reliance on the manufacturing sector, business-friendly climate of each U.S. state, and state partisanship between 1991 and 2022. The findings indicate that states that have a friendly-business climate and Republican-controlled governments tend to adopt fewer EPR laws. Results also show that dependency on the manufacturing sector does not influence the adoption of EPR policy and previous adoptions of EPR policy across states poses a positive significant influence over the adoption of EPR laws. These findings enable policymakers to create effective policy to enhance waste management systems and address environmental issues