Open Research Oklahoma (Oklahoma State Univ.)
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Aerosolization of poly(sulfobetaine) microparticles that encapsulate therapeutics antibodies
No full textDelivering protein through the respiratory system is a promising strategy for protein delivery targeting the lungs that can maximize the drug efficacy and minimize the systematic effects. In fact, there is only one inhalable protein therapy currently on the market, Pulmozyme® (DNase), for cystic fibrosis treatment, which was approved more than 30 years ago. Pulmonary protein delivery is mostly limited by the instability of protein, powder particle size restrictions, cytotoxicity, and immunogenicity of therapy and vectors. In this research, zwitterionic polymer-based low cytotoxicity microparticle, poly (sulfo betaine) (pSB) was synthesized, which can provide protection to proteins due to their dual charges. the pSB microparticle is aerosolizable and was confirmed. I also quantified the particle size, density, equilibrium water content, model drug loading and releasing. The combination of morphology, particle size, antibody loading capacity, high protein releasing ratio, protection provided for proteins, low cytotoxicity, and ease of aerosolization support the potential use of these particles for pulmonary delivery of protein therapeutics
Rational preperiodic portraits of unicritical polynomials
No full textMotivated by Faber's classification of the graphs of rational preperiodic points which are expressed for infinitely many quadratic polynomials over ℚ, we extend this classification to the family f꜀, ₖ(z) = zᵏ + c where c ∈ ℚ and k ≥ 2 is an integer.
We define curves parameterizing periodic and preperiodic points to which we bound the genus below and invoke Faltings' Theorem to understand if such a point can exist for infinitely many c ∈ ℚ
Understanding environmental attitudes among college students: An application of eco-types framework
No full textThis research investigates college students' environmental attitudes using Emily Huddart Kennedy's "Eco-Types" framework. The broad aim of this research is to identify the degree to which the eco-types framework contributes to the understanding of youth's environmental attitudes, particularly among college students. This research used a qualitative interview method with 17 participants from a variety of academic backgrounds. This research employed a manual coding process for a thematic analysis of the collected interview data, applying a deductive method first, followed by an inductive method. The main findings revealed that the participants' eco-types demonstrated a range of attitudes, from proactive behavior to indifferent behavior. The study has discussed various factors that are associated with different eco-types. Results showed that a few of the participants in the study exhibited a mix of eco-types, meaning they belonged to more than one eco-type category. The study also identified three additional influential factors, including educational influences, peer and community influences, and intergenerational attitudes. These emerging factors underscore the importance of bridging generational gaps in environmental attitudes, including the inclusion of environmental education in educational programs and encouraging community and peer support for sustainable behaviors. In addition to highlighting the need for more affordable and widely available eco-friendly products, this study also highlights the significance of promoting environmental education and structural improvements to support youth-oriented sustainable practices
From Witchcraft to Tarot: Religious individualism among evangelical/Christian women
No full textThis study examines the process of religious individualization among evangelical/conservative Christian women through Witchcraft and Tarot practices. This thesis draws on 31 semi-structured, in-depth interviews with Christian Witches who self-identify or self-identified previously as evangelical or conservative. The findings indicate that Witchcraft and Tarot are used as spiritual bridges by women to find God and consequently themselves, share learnings and further intellectualism on Christian Witchcraft online, and reach spiritual autonomy by differentiating religion and spirituality into their belief systems. This thesis furthers discussion on femininity expectations within conservative religious realms, and the interplay of women’s agency, spirituality, and religion
Alfalfa: Queen of forage crops
No full textThe Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service periodically issues revisions to its publications. The most current edition is made available. For access to an earlier edition, if available for this title, please contact the Oklahoma State University Library Archives by email at [email protected] or by phone at 405-744-6311
Factors impacting the development of polycystic ovarian syndrome
No full textPolycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy in woman of the reproductive age group and effects over 10 million childbearing aged women in the US and about 10 – 12% of the female population in the world. The syndrome is characterized by hyperandrogenism, chronic anovulation and polycystic ovaries. It is a major cause of infertility in women seeking infertility treatment (90% – 95%). As obesity and insulin are the strongest risk factors, and with the current increase in the prevalence of obesity and insulin resistance among high school girls in US, one would expect the prevalence PCOS to also rise. The objective of the study was to evaluate the factors that cause/correlate positively with PCOS. The factors chosen for the study were cigarette smoking, e-cigarette usage, alcohol usage, living in poverty and poor mental health, for their effects on various physiological mechanisms that could have an impact on PCOS or aggravate the condition. The epidemiological data was collected from two national databases, Youth risk behavior surveillance survey (YRBSS) and Monitoring the Future (MTF). Correlations were analyzed using Regression analysis.
From the data analyzed, a weak correlation was found between alcohol usage and prevalence of PCOS. The study found a positive correlation between Cigarette usage and PCOS prevalence. (r = 0.95; P<0.05). Such positive correlation was more pronounced with e-cigarette usage (r = 0.98; P< 0.02). The study also found a significant correlation between Poverty and PCOS prevalence (r = 0.94; P<0.06). There was a positive correlation between poor mental health and the prevalence of PCOS (r = 0.98; P< 0.02).
While these findings are notable, further stratification of the selected factors such as ethnicity living conditions such as air/environmental pollution may shed better light on the specific factors that cause/affect PCOS. As PCOS effects millions of women in the US and the related medical cost is estimated in the billions of dollars, federal and state level funding for the collection and analysis of epidemiological data could prove useful for the long-term outcomes of both the people and government
Dual role of visible light-activated 1,4-dihydropyridine anions: Alkyl radical precursors and photoreductants in organic transformations
No full text1,4-Dihydropyridines (DHPs), characterized by a pyridine ring with hydrogen atoms attached to both the nitrogen and C-4 positions, are essential compounds in modern organic synthesis. Their versatile reactivity allows them to participate in a wide range of chemical transformations, making them essential in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and other valuable compounds across various industries. DHP derivatives, such as Hantzsch esters and C-3,5 nitrile DHPs, are extensively studied as hydrogen atom donors in numerous transformations initiated by transition metal or photoredox catalysis. Additionally, 4-alkyl-1,4-DHPs also serve as alkyl radical precursors in photoredox transformations, undergoing SET oxidative cleavage in the presence of a photoredox catalyst to generate carbon-centered radicals. Recent research in our lab has shown that DHPs can be deprotonated in the presence of a suitable base to form the corresponding anion in-situ, resulting in a significant redshift in their absorption and allowing them to serve as strong visible light-absorbing reagents. Using this strategy, we developed a visible light-mediated direct photolysis method to generate alkyl radicals from 4-tert-alkyl-1,4-DHPs, facilitating photochemical Giese reactions with various Michael acceptors without the need for a photocatalyst or external oxidant. We then evaluated the DHP anion as a photoactive single-electron reductant. Studies on their chemical and light-absorbing properties revealed that 1,4-DHP anions possess excited states with strong reducing abilities, with excited state oxidation potentials around ˗2.6 V vs. SCE. This led to the development of a method for the reductive dehaloborylation of aryl chlorides and the extension of reaction conditions for the detosylation of N-tosyl aryl amines. We further advanced this approach to achieve ketyl radical formation from aromatic aldehydes, resulting in homocoupling to form symmetrically substituted 1,2-diols. Additionally, we achieved the reductive coupling of aromatic imines and the reductive intermolecular cyclization of aromatic aldehydes to form the corresponding lactones. Ongoing efforts aim to demonstrate the protocol's effectiveness for the generation of ketyl radicals from aliphatic aldehydes and ketones. These findings underscore the significant potential of 1,4-DHPs in advancing organic synthesis by offering efficient, mild, and versatile methodologies for a variety of chemical transformations
Need and effectiveness of a United States Air Academy training program in an austere environment: Perceptions of Iraqi Air Force trainees
No full textRelationships are especially important in the Middle East. I certainly understand and respect this part of the process because it is about establishing trust. I am a contractor who has worked all over the Middle East training aviation protocols. I consider my time here as one of the best experiences in my life. If nothing else comes of this research project, I have some new memories and, better yet, friends for life. I have thoroughly enjoyed getting to know these young men and giving me insight to their lives here at Joint Air Base Balad in Iraq. This study proves a successful training program can be applied between Iraq (as well as any foreign country) and the United States. I hope these results can be used as a reference in future military sales contracts with nations outside our borders. I hope to partner with Oklahoma State University to make possible a better life for these military men and their families. If it can work in Iraq, it can work anywhere. What you are about to read are the issues Iraq has encountered since World War 1 through the Gulf War. We will look at the historical narrative of their effort to gain autonomy through air power as the history of the Iraqi Air Force is opened. From their perspective and my research, I hope to bring as much relevance to this research project as I can. You will see many challenges presented, and you will see how they overcome them only to be torn down repeatedly. Going forward you will also see personal testimony from pilots and maintainers about what this type of contract means to them and the benefits thereof. The study will take a focused look at relationships, religion, past and present hurdles, and a bit of history about the people of Iraq as it relates to this study
Microgrid optimization: Hydrogen technology modeling
No full textThe U.S. chemical manufacturing and refining industries are two of the largest sources of energy demand and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the country. They account for 15% of the country's energy consumption and nearly 20% of the U.S.'s greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Process heating creates most of these energy requirements and GHG emissions. Process heating is typically generated through direct fossil fuel combustion or steam, which also consumes fossil fuels. As the country moves toward carbon-neutrality and decarbonized electricity, chemical industries are seeking paths toward decarbonizing process heating. One pathway currently being considered is electrification. To truly reduce the industry's carbon footprint, it is necessary to integrate chemical plants with decarbonized energy systems and reduce emissions within the energy grid. However, integration efforts are currently challenged due to hesitance in directly sharing process data with Independent System Operators (ISOs) due to the private and sensitive nature of such data. In order to enable integration between electrified process heating systems and the power grid without direct data sharing, the present project develops decentralized algorithms for chemical plants and ISOs to use in operations planning while accommodating data privacy. Development began by establishing key chemical process heating applications with a high potential for electrification. One such process is steam cracking. Steam cracking is a highly endothermic petrochemical process that converts saturated hydrocarbons into smaller unsaturated hydrocarbons, such as converting natural gas into ethylene and propylene. This requires substantial process heating, but various electrification methods are possible, such as using hydrogen. The present study examines the plant-level microgrid for this process and formulates operational constraints related to its components for an optimization model. This presentation focuses on mathematically modeling proton-exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysers and fuel cells, two important operations within the microgrid. Various models and simulations of these operations were compiled from literature and used in creating constraints. Constraint formulation for other hydrogen technologies and infrastructure is also discussed. Future developments in this project are expected to include a larger, more integrated model and exploration into various pricing effects.Chemical Engineerin
4-H Hunting and Fishing manual
No full textThe Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service periodically issues revisions to its publications. The most current edition is made available. For access to an earlier edition, if available for this title, please contact the Oklahoma State University Library Archives by email at [email protected] or by phone at 405-744-6311