Open Research Oklahoma (Oklahoma State Univ.)
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Changes in bone parameters in rat model of chronic early life stress
No full textObjective: Early life factors have been shown to play a role in child health and development and stress is one of the factors that could have major impact on host health. Thus, our objective was to investigate chronic early life stress (CES) impact on bone development, mineralization, and microarchitecture at various postnatal stages using rat model.
Methods: Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a limited bedding and nesting model to induce CES. The offspring were assessed at PND 10, 21, and 35. Tibial length as well as tibial and lumbar (L4) BMD, BMC, and bone mineral area (BMA) were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Bone microarchitecture was examined using microcomputed tomography (μCT). Changes in gene expression from the L4 vertebra were analyzed by RNA sequencing. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA with CES and sex as factors. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: At PND 10, there were no significant differences in BMD and BMC between the treatment groups, but tibial length was significantly decreased by CES. By PND 21, BMC and tibial area were significantly reduced in the CES group, indicating impaired bone mineral accumulation. At PND35, tibial length remained significantly reduced by CES, while BMD and BMC differences were less affected. L4 vertebral BMA and BMC were all reduced by CES. μCT analysis of tibial cortical bone showed significant changes in cortical thickness and bone volume at PND10 and 21, respectively. For the L4 vertebra, μCT data indicated significant increases in the degree of anisotropy and structural model index at PND21 and 35, respectively. Transcriptome analyses revealed significant differential expression of genes involved in immune response, cellular repair, and stress adaptation at PND 21 but not at PD10 and PD35.
Conclusion: CES significantly disrupts BMC, BMD, length and microarchitecture differently at various stages of postnatal development. Transcriptome analyses suggests that these changes are mediated by alterations in gene expression related to immune function and cellular repair. Future research should focus on tracking the longitudinal impacts of CES on bone health from infancy into adulthood, and exploring nutritional interventions, stress reduction programs, and molecular studies that can mitigate the negative effects of CES on bone
Power-to-gas plant using hydrogen
No full textThe American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) is interested in the economic feasibility of a Power-to-Gas plant using hydrogen produced from renewable energy. While determining this, all high consequence process safety risks must be managed, a suitable CO₂ source must be selected that maximizes the economic and environmental performance for the methanization reaction, and a reliable delivery of the on-specification natural gas must be determined. The driving force behind the interest in this plant is due to the large amount of CO₂ emissions from varying industrial processes such as cement, steel, chemical, coal, and petrochemical production. Since there are many sources of CO₂ for the team to capture emissions from, AIChE is interested in the economic and environmental assessment leading to the source selection made by the team
Alcohol consumption among older adults in the United States amidst the COVID-19 pandemic: An analysis of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
No full textBackground: Alcohol consumption is responsible for numerous life-threatening diseases, including liver cirrhosis, heart disease, and various cancers. During the pandemic, alcohol related deaths increased from 2019 to 2021, topping out around 108,000 deaths related to alcohol. This trend introduced the question if heavy alcohol consumption and binge drinking increased during the pandemic as well, particularly in those 65 and older.Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) to determine whether rates of overall alcohol consumption, heavy consumption, or binge drinking deviated from 2017 through 2021. We used X2 tests to determine changes in rates over the included years.Results: Our findings showed the overall rate of alcohol use in populations 65 and older during 2017-2021 was approximately 42.3% which peaked in 2017 at 43.72% and declined each year resulting in the lowest rate (41.26%) in 2021 (X2 = 8.96, P<.0001). Binge and heavy drinking rates were 5.10% and 4.23% across years, respectively, and annual changes were not statistically significant.Conclusion: The impact of COVID on drinking behavior of older U.S. adults seemed to be minimal in terms of binge or heavy drinking, while overall rates of alcohol consumption among this group declined. Reports among other U.S. age groups showed increased consumption and deaths from alcohol use. Future research is needed to determine causes for the overall decrease in consumption or adaptive measures this group may have taken which led to minimal changes in binge or heavy drinking in contrast to younger populations
Mob justice in Ghana: An empirical study of media reporting and public perception of the Major Mahama case
No full textThe tragic death of Major Maxwell Adam Mahama in May 2017 ignited significant media attention and public outrage, providing a compelling case study to examine the complex issue of mob justice in Ghana. This study is situated within the broader context of mob justice in Ghana, a social issue that challenges the country's legal and judicial systems. The study examines the media coverage of the Major Mahama case and public perception of the incident. Specifically, the study explores two questions: First, what narratives does the media present regarding the Mahama case and how are these narratives presented? Second, how does the public perceive and respond to the case through social media (Facebook) discussions? A content analysis of 75 newspaper and online news articles from three major Ghanaian newspapers—the Daily Graphic, the Ghanaian Times, and the Daily Guide—revealed ten major themes. The analysis showed that the media employed a dichotomous framing, juxtaposing the ‘heroic victim’ against the ‘savage mob,’ as a powerful narrative technique for describing Major Mahama and the vigilantes. Notably, the media predominantly framed the tragedy as an isolated event. Public perception and reactions to the incident were assessed through a content analysis of 16 social media posts (Facebook), which uncovered eleven major themes. While similar patterns of describing Major Mahama and the vigilantes were observed, the public discourse situated the incident within a broader systemic pattern, and largely attributed the cause of the incident, and mob justice in general, to the failures and inadequacies of the criminal justice system (CJS) in Ghana. The findings of this study suggest a pressing need for reforms within the CJS and the development of a national strategy for mob justice prevention and response. Furthermore, the research highlights the promising potential of social media as a valuable platform for gauging public opinion and fostering discourse on sensitive issues such as mob justice
Guide them, before it is too late: A juvenile delinquency prevention presentation
No full textThis thesis project involved the development of a community presentation on the topic of juvenile delinquency. With a focus on individual, family, school and community factors, research is clear that youth engagement in delinquent behaviors is both complex and predictable. This presentation was written for school professionals and associated community partners who work with students daily. This thesis project included a two session presentation, all associated scripts for the presenter, two activities, and the evaluation form
Permutations of the 4D Rubik's Cube
No full textIn 1988, Don Hatch and Melinda Green designed MagicCube4D, a piece of software simulating a four-dimensional analog of Rubik's Cube. In this paper, we examine this 4D puzzle and determine how many ways it can be scrambled
Exploring the potential effectiveness of a state Low Income Housing Tax Credit in Oklahoma
No full textThe Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service periodically issues revisions to its publications. The most current edition is made available. For access to an earlier edition, if available for this title, please contact the Oklahoma State University Library Archives by email at [email protected] or by phone at 405-744-6311
Safe farming for 1927: Sound reasons for a sound business policy in acreage reduction
No full textThe Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service periodically issues revisions to its publications. The most current edition is made available. For access to an earlier edition, if available for this title, please contact the Oklahoma State University Library Archives by email at [email protected] or by phone at 405-744-6311
Alternative methods of assessing and prescribing intensity during resistance training
No full textVelocity-Based Training (VBT), Repetitions in Reserve (RIR), and Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) are popular approaches for assessing and prescribing training load during resistance training (RT), serving as alternatives to traditional methods such as percentage-based training and repetition maximum target (RM) ranges. VBT enables training loads to be prescribed based on a particular velocity to emphasize a specific adaptation response (i.e., power or strength), while large decreases in velocity loss throughout a set may indicate training close to momentary failure (MF), emphasizing muscle hypertrophy. RPE offers a subjective measure of effort, considering perceived difficulty through descriptive scales. RIR assists practitioners and athletes in choosing how close to failure they want to train, thereby regulating the magnitude of the training stimulus. These alternative methods can be combined, allowing lifters to set a target velocity while using RIR and RPE to adjust loads. If bar velocity, RPE, or RIR falls outside the desired target range, the training load can be increased or decreased to maintain the desired training parameters
Sociodemographic disparities in diabetic eye disease: An analysis of the 2021 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
No full textPurpose: Among the various manifestations of diabetic eye disease, diabetic retinopathy, a leading cause of preventable blindness, is estimated to impact more than 160 million individuals by 2045. Our objective was to provide an update and investigate the rates of diabetic eye disease by race/ethnicity, sex, socioeconomic status, education, and rurality. Additionally, we aimed to address a gap in research by investigating the rates of diabetic eye disease among the transgender population.Methods: This study performed a cross-sectional analysis of the 2021 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to assess disparities in the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy by sociodemographic factors using X² tests.Results: The sample included 21,905 participants and found the prevalence of diabetic eye disease was lower in females (17.34%) than males (20.14%), though the highest rate was observed in transgender participants (27.16%; P=.017). White individuals had the lowest prevalence of diabetic eye disease (16.57%) -with all other groups having a prevalence greater than 22% (P<.01). Diabetic eye disease prevalence was inversely associated with income and educational attainment (P<.01). Differences in diabetic eye disease by rurality and insurance status were not statistically significant.Conclusion: We found higher rates of diabetic eye disease in individuals who identified as Asian, as well as those categorized as "other" within the racial classifications, alongside transgender individuals. While these groups constitute a small proportion of the U.S. population, the observed disparities underscore the importance of heightened surveillance for diabetic eye disease within these demographics. It is essential to prioritize focused interventions aimed at preventing and managing diabetic eye disease among individuals in these groups affected by diabetes