Open Research Oklahoma (Oklahoma State Univ.)
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Host-pathogen interaction between Ophiosphaerella korrae and symptomatic and asymptomatic hosts plants
No full textOphiosphaerella korrae (J. Walker & A.M. Sm. bis) a soilborne necrotrophic fungal pathogen, is the causal agent of spring dead spot on warm season bermudagrasses (Cynodon spp.) and necrotic ring spot on the cool season Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.). Symptoms in susceptible turfgrass varieties include circular dead patches with bleached foliage ranging from a few inches to several feet in diameter. Grass stolons, roots, and rhizomes are the primary organs where the fungus infects and colonizes, causing necrosis. O. korrae infection in tolerant bermudagrass cultivars and asymptomatic hosts including creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) display cortex and vascular root colonization without necrosis. Molecular mechanisms underlying the host-pathogen interaction and fungal pathogenicity in different hosts plants are not yet fully understood. To elucidate differences in gene expression profiles in both fungal infection and host (symptomatic and asymptomatic) defense mechanisms, a transcriptome analysis was used. To achieve this, O. korrae was in vitro inoculated on symptomatic hosts: tolerant bermudagrass U3 biotype, susceptible hybrid bermudagrass Tifway 419, Kentucky bluegrass (incubated at warm and cool temperatures), Brachypodium distachyon, and asymptomatic hosts: creeping bentgrass and wheat. RNA was extracted from inoculated and non-inoculated root samples after 10 dpi. RNA was sequenced using an Illumina platform. The upregulation of U3 biotype and Kentucky bluegrass genes encoding putative cysteine-rich receptor-like protein kinases (CRK) may play important roles resembling PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) defense mechanisms. Susceptible Tifway 419 upregulated genes in response to effector triggered susceptibility (ETS) mediated by the Jasmonic acid accumulation triggering hypersensitive response. Upregulation of B. distachyon genes related to the response of jasmonic acid might contribute to the activation of the MAPK cascade during root infection. Asymptomatic hosts (creeping bentgrass and wheat) revealed an upregulation on genes related to basal defense responses (PTI) such as pathogenesis-related proteins synthesis of antimicrobial compounds and ROS production. Gene expression profiles of O. korrae in infected asymptomatic and symptomatic hosts revealed upregulation of genes encoding cell wall degrading enzymes, which play a role in the activation of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) suggesting that the fungus can suppress PTI pathways using necrotrophic effectors and cell wall degrading enzymes to induce cell death in the hosts. These findings will be an important resource for turfgrass breeding programs to design more effective control strategies for soilborne diseases caused by Ophiosphaerella spp
Velocity dependence of dynamic rock friction in high-speed friction and stick-slip tests
No full textThe evolution of rock friction during earthquakes is a fundamental question in earthquake science, and the dependence of rock friction on fault slip rate plays a crucial role. Experimental studies on the velocity dependence of rock friction typically investigate fault strength evolution in velocity-controlled conditions such as constant slip rate or velocity steps. On the other hand, earthquakes and laboratory stick-slip events are more concerned about friction evolution in changing velocity conditions resulting from spontaneous energy dissipation. Here, we investigate the friction response of experimental faults in a double-direct-shear configuration using a unique pneumatically powered apparatus with high acceleration (up to 50 g) and fast loading response, focusing on the velocity dependence during both high-speed sliding and stick-slip events. The experiments are conducted under normal stress of up to 30 MPa at a maximum slip velocity of up to 3 m/s.Geolog
Nutritional considerations for broodmares
No full textThe Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service periodically issues revisions to its publications. The most current edition is made available. For access to an earlier edition, if available for this title, please contact the Oklahoma State University Library Archives by email at [email protected] or by phone at 405-744-6311
Effect of top rope climbing on self-esteem and self-efficacy in college students
No full textThis case report study focused on two undergraduate students’ perceptions of their global self-esteem and self-efficacy before and after participating in a 60-minute, once-weekly, 4-session indoor top rope climbing intervention. Pretest-posttest data from the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) was collected at a climbing wall located within the Oklahoma State University campus recreational facility. Results of the study suggest that indoor top rope climbing may increase college students’ perceptions of their overall self-esteem and self-efficacy, particularly in relation to the physical aspects of both topics. This study adds to the current literature regarding the viability of top rope climbing as an intervention for improving or maintaining self-esteem and self-efficacy in non-clinical adult populations
Cash market importance in price discovery for fed cattle and hogs
No full textThe Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service periodically issues revisions to its publications. The most current edition is made available. For access to an earlier edition, if available for this title, please contact the Oklahoma State University Library Archives by email at [email protected] or by phone at 405-744-6311
Role of interferon stimulated genes in early recognition of pregnancy in cattle
No full textNonpregnant cattle represent a financial and logistical problem for the industry, making early pregnancy detection essential for the economical progression of operations. For example, a dairy farm with 5,000 cows could save $180,000 every year by diagnosing pregnancy 11 days earlier. Obtaining pregnancy rates from artificial insemination (AI) or natural service at an earlier time impacts how soon the cow can be resynchronized, culled, or have reproductive challenges diagnosed. Currently, the gold standard for pregnancy diagnosis is ultrasonography, which can be done commercially no earlier than day 28 (D28) of gestation. Interferon-tau (IFNT) is a protein secreted by the bovine conceptus (embryo plus extraembryonic membranes) which is essential for maternal recognition and pregnancy establishment in cattle. IFNT secretion by the developing conceptus increases around D16 and stimulates the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in circulating white blood cells (WBCs). The objective of this study was to evaluate circulating WBCs in bred cows for ISG expression, which could potentially lead to the ability to detect pregnancy via a blood test as early as D19. The methods include drawing blood from heifers at D19 and D30 following AI. Whole blood was centrifuged in the laboratory, proceeding with the isolation of the WBC. Total RNA was extracted from WBC followed by cDNA synthesis and real-time PCR, for measuring expression of a variety of INTF-stimulated genes: ISG15, MX1, MX2, and OAS1. These genes are interferon-stimulated, which means that their expression levels can be associated with the presence of a developing conceptus secreting IFNT. Ultrasonography was performed at D30 of gestation to confirm pregnancy. MX2 mRNA expression was higher (P = 0.02) in pregnant compared to nonpregnant heifers. Similarly, ISG15 mRNA expression tended (P = 0.09) to increase in pregnant compared to nonpregnant heifers on D19 after AI. Results from the current study reinforces the idea that ISGs can be used to estimate early pregnancy in cattle. Further research needs to be conducted for the development of methods with high sensitivity and specificity for early detection of pregnancy in cattle.Lew Wentz FoundationAnimal and Food Science
What is the economic cost of a bale of hay
No full textThe Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service periodically issues revisions to its publications. The most current edition is made available. For access to an earlier edition, if available for this title, please contact the Oklahoma State University Library Archives by email at [email protected] or by phone at 405-744-6311
Reajustar las finanzas después de un divorcio
No full textThe Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service periodically issues revisions to its publications. The most current edition is made available. For access to an earlier edition, if available for this title, please contact the Oklahoma State University Library Archives by email at [email protected] or by phone at 405-744-6311
Expression and purification of membrane proteins TCRα and TMPRSS2 for characterization studies
No full textIntegral membrane proteins (IMPs) interact with the plasma membrane core, acting as receptors and transporters. They play critical roles in human diseases, as they are involved in signal transduction and are vital for cellular function and normal homeostasis. IMPs account for almost 30% of encoded proteins in all organisms and are targeted by 50% of therapeutic drugs. However, limited structural and functional information is available for most IMPs because they easily aggregate in solution and are challenging to express in quantities suitable for characterization. The expression and purification of IMPs is the first step of characterization studies. Purified proteins are solubilized in membrane mimetics for structural characterization. Most IMPs undergo post-translational modifications that can impact their structure, interaction, and function. An example is N-linked glycosylation, where a sugar moiety is attached to an Asn-X-Ser/Thr residue on an IMP to become an integral membrane glycoprotein. The research strategy described in this dissertation is focused on the recombinant expression of two integral membrane proteins, T-cell receptor alpha (TCRα) and Transmembrane serine protease II (TMPRSS2), which are prospective glycosylation candidates, as they contain the N-linked glycosylation sites and linked to various autoimmune and respiratory diseases in humans. TCRα is an integral part of the T-cell receptor complex responsible for the appropriate immune response to foreign antigens in the cell. TMPRSS2 activates the attachment of the SARS-CoV-2 viral spike protein to the ACE2 receptor, thereby enhancing host cell infection and replication. The recombinant expression and purification of these proteins in bacteria make them readily available for characterization studies to elucidate their structures and functions and determine possible drug candidates for treating diseases associated with them
Future of belonging: A correlational study on how recreation therapy impacts a sense of community and loneliness in group interventions for Parkinson's
No full textThe lack of a sense of community can lead to increased feelings of loneliness in the studies of neighborhoods, religious groups, and general groups of older adults but there is little research on this phenomenon in recreation therapy intervention settings. The goal of this study was to understand the relationship between feelings of loneliness and a sense of community in older adults with Parkinson’s disease involved in weekly recreation therapy interventions. A correlation analysis was applied to the Sense of Community Index II scores and the Campaign to End Loneliness Measurement Tool scores using a qualitative, single-sample approach for the population of the Parkinson’s Exercise research group. The analysis confirms the presence of a strong negative correlation between a sense of community and feelings of loneliness within the Parkinson’s Exercise research group. Clinical significance of these findings suggests that by creating an environment for a sense of community within the group, loneliness is subsequently diminished which increases the likeliness to achieve individual and group treatment goals by satisfying social needs. More research studying the phenomenon in additional recreation therapy settings is needed