Open Research Oklahoma (Oklahoma State Univ.)
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Statistical analysis of brain connectivity: Comparing correlation matrices and genotypic variability
No full textThis study investigates statistical methods for comparing correlation matrices derived from brain MRI data to assess neural connectivity and its relationship to cognitive and health outcomes. The data from the UK Biobank (OSU IRB-21-43: Not Human Subjects Research) includes T1 FAST, T1 ASED, diffusion MRI, magnetic, and T2S MRI scans stratified by genotypes for the SLC39A8 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs13107325 (values 0, 1, and 2). Participants diagnosed with intellectual disability, neurodegenerative diseases, or psychotic disorders were excluded from the analysis. The data was then logarithmically transformed and z-score standardized to minimize variation across imaging types.
Using R, Pearson correlation matrices were generated for each MRI dataset, followed by conversion into distance and subtraction matrices. Mantel tests and Frobenius norm calculations were applied to quantify matrix similarity. Preliminary results showed correlation matrices for individuals homozygous for the risk allele exhibited disrupted intra-brain connectivity patterns. Frobenius norms were 1.317669 (0 vs. 1), 7.674338 (0 vs. 2), and 8.037361 (1 vs. 2), suggesting greater similarity between genotypes 0 and 1. Mantel tests revealed a marginal correlation between 0 and 1 (r = 0.04134, p = 0.0817) and no significant similarity between other pairs. Significant correlations were observed for specific subtraction matrices, such as the difference for genotypes 0 and 1 compared with genotypes 0 and 2 (r = 0.9668, p = 1e-04).
This framework emphasizes methodological diversity for improved reproducibility and sensitivity. By revealing similarities and differences between datasets, these methods apply broadly to fields where correlation matrices represent complex relationships between variables.Nutritional Science
Role of medium anionic composition on manganese cytotoxicity and bioavailability in rainbow trout gill cells
No full textResearch has shown that the bioaccumulation of manganese (Mn) in animals can lead to neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinsonism. Despite its potential dangers, limited data exist about this essential metal's uptake mechanism and cytotoxicity, and how the medium composition can affect bioavailability. We used a model of the rainbow trout gill cells, RTgill-W1 cell line, as an in vitro approach. This is a cell line of vertebrate epithelial cells with conserved metal transporters across vertebrate species, including humans. The role of exposure medium composition was evaluated by manipulating anionic composition to produce these media: (1) L15/ex, a phosphate-buffered medium; and (2) L15/HCO3-, a bicarbonate-buffered medium. A chemical equilibrium model, Visual MINTEQ, determined the speciation of Mn in the different media. Cell viability and bioaccumulation assays were performed to determine the cytotoxicity and uptake of manganese at different concentrations in the two media. This approach allowed for the linkage between the role of extracellular metal speciation and intracellular toxicity. The cell viability assay results show that the Mn EC50 value in L15/ HCO3- is 122.4 µM compared to 70.26 µM in L15/ex. This aligns with research on other essential metal toxicity in various media. The results of the bioavailability assay showed that more manganese entered the cells when exposed in L-15/ HCO3- compared to L-15/ex. This finding is interesting, considering that L-15/ex produced higher Mn toxicity, according to the cell viability assay. This finding possibly points to an interaction between Mn and anions in the different media, which induces or reduces toxicity. In future research, membrane Mn transporter activity could be quantified to help determine the mechanism of Mn cytotoxicity.Integrative Biolog
Patients’ perceptions of the use of Artificial Intelligence in the primary healthcare setting: A critically appraised topic
No full textClinical Scenario: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a technological advancement that is able to replicate human intelligence such as critical thinking, problem solving, and decision making. As AI continues to advance, its integration into the healthcare systems could transform the industry, making care more efficient and accessible to patients worldwide.Clinical Question: Patients in the healthcare setting, how does the use of artificial intelligence tools in diagnostics or treatment, compared to traditional healthcare practices, affect patients’ perceptions of care quality and trust in healthcare providers?Clinical Bottom Line: The current evidence suggests that participants believe AI in the healthcare system would improve medical outcomes.Strength of Recommendation: According to the Strength-of-Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT) grades, each of the studies earns a Level of Evidence of C. Additionally, based on the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM) scale, these are classified as Level 4 due to the studies being low-quality crosssectional surveys
Generative AI-supported interior concept design: An assessment of end product creativity between designers and non-designers
Full text linkInterior designers are professionals with experience to deal with functional and aesthetic aspects of interiors. From the concept to the final product, they are in charge of the entire design process. In this process, the concept is the seed of a design. A good concept arises from a designer’s creativity, tacit knowledge, and explicit knowledge. Developing a proper concept is an arduous task. However, the recent developments of the Artificial intelligence (AI) platforms have made interior concept design more simplified, regardless of subject-specific creativity and professional expertise. The key is in the text-to-image ability of generative AI. In this context, this research examines the differences in creativity between interior designers and others in developing generative AI-supported interior concept designs. It ascertains if there is a significant difference in creativity between interior designers, other designers and non-designers when using generative AI to produce interior design concepts.
The investigation seeks to determine task satisfaction and overall creativity in terms of novelty, resolution and elaboration and synthesis among the three types of designers using valid assessment tools. For this, nine graduate students in three groups comprised of interior designers, other designers such as graphic and textile designers and non-designers were subjected to a quantitative study. They were assigned a 45-minute brief design activity to create a conceptual interior space using Midjourney AI. The creativity of the final output was graded by a panel of experts using the Creative Product Semantic Scale (CPSS).
Results reveals that interior design concept designed by other designers are more creative than the non-designers and that there was no significant difference in creativity between the interior designers and the other designers. Furthermore, other designers had the highest task satisfaction of working with generative AI over interior designers and non-designers. Indeed, the results show that the domain-specific expertise is not significant in terms of creativity in the presence of generative AI.Design and Merchandisin
Embodiment for women and sexual and gender minorities: A meta-narrative review
No full textBackground: Wellness is shaped by the interaction of mind, body, and environment, and is influenced by trauma, shame, gender, sexuality, race, and structural inequities. Much research on trauma and embodiment is fragmented across neurobiological, psychological, and social-theoretical fields, mainly focusing on combat-related PTSD in cisgender, heterosexual White men, which limits relevance for women, AFAB individuals, and sexual and gender minorities (SGM). This gap obscures how distress, identity, and social context intersect to influence stress physiology, emotions, and embodiment. Aim: This meta-narrative review synthesizes interdisciplinary research on embodied, trauma-informed interventions to develop an intersectional framework linking stress physiology, self-conscious emotions, and structural oppression. Methods: Using the RAMSES guide, literature from Oklahoma State University Library databases was reviewed. Three stages of analysis were used: (1) mapping disciplinary perspectives; (2) comparing concepts of body, mind, stress, and identity; (3) synthesizing themes into an intersectional framework. Results: Thirty-six articles were identified and the eligibility criteria was utilized to identify three narratives. Neurobiological accounts highlighted HPA-axis dysregulation, cortisol, gut–brain disruption, and trauma-related neuroplasticity changes. Psychological research identified shame, guilt, and flexibility as central for those facing identity-based stress. Social-theoretical models emphasized intersectionality and the politicization of marginalized bodies. Embodied interventions (yoga, mindfulness, breathwork, movement) were linked to better emotional regulation and greater cognitive flexibility. Conclusions: Trauma recovery and embodiment operate across neurobiological, psychological, and sociocultural levels. Trauma-informed practices restore autonomy and flexibility and resist systems that pathologize marginalized bodies. An intersectional framework is needed for future research
It's elemental, dear educators: Discussing weather and climate in rural classrooms
No full textThis study examined how weather and climate are taught in rural fourth-to-seventh grade classrooms in Jackson County, Oklahoma. Rural students often have a firm grasp of STEM concepts but do not find interest in the traditional classroom setting. Southwest Oklahoma experiences extreme weather including drought, extreme heat, and high winds. We interviewed five teachers and conducted 16 anonymous surveys with students. The results indicated teachers use real-world, hands-on activities to engage students. They also feel confident teaching weather and climate but want more resources or training. Their students understand weather’s impact on their daily lives, especially severe weather, but cannot differentiate between weather and climate. Many of these teachers are using a place-based education technique that uses their local environment as a starting point for weather and climate lessons to better connect classroom activities to the students’ daily lives and improve knowledge retention
Beyond the feed: Exposure to nutrition-related content on social media and dietary attitudes and behaviors in college students
No full textBackground: Nearly all young adult college students use social media, which can impact disordered eating attitudes and behaviors. This study compared disordered eating attitudes and emotional eating by college students’ use of social media for nutrition information, specifically. Nutrition literacy was explored as a potential moderator of associations between social media use and eating behaviors.
Methods: A stratified sample of undergraduate students at Oklahoma State University (N =165) were randomly recruited into an online survey via email (April 2024). Participants self-reported their use of Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube for food or nutrition-related information (yes/no); disordered eating attitudes via EAT-8 (Richter et al., 2016); emotional eating via Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (Van Strien et al., 1986); and nutrition literacy via S-NutLit (Vrinten et al., 2023). T-tests compared mean scores on EAT-8 and emotional eating by social media use.
Results: Nearly half of participants (45%) followed or subscribed to food or nutrition-related content on social media. About one-third (35%) used Instagram for food and nutrition-related content, 27% used TikTok, and 10% used YouTube. Participants using TikTok for food or nutrition-related information reported higher disordered eating attitudes (F = 8.36, p = .004). Participants’ mean score for nutrition literacy (S-NutLit) was 3.24 (SD = 0.57, range: 1.18 – 4.82). Moderation results were not consistent with the study hypotheses.
Conclusion: Using TikTok as a source of food or nutrition-related information was associated with health-compromising eating attitudes. Additionally, our findings suggest that nutrition literacy did not moderate the relationship between social media exposure and disordered or emotional eating behaviors, implying that higher nutrition knowledge alone may be insufficient to counteract social media’s impact on these patterns. Registered dietitians may consider asking clients about their use of social media for nutrition information to better understand potential influences on their eating attitudes and behaviors
Navigating collaborative problem-solving in rural veterinary practice: A case study about the influence of KAI in shaping adaptive leadership
No full textThere is a shortage of food animal veterinarians in the United States, especially in rural communities. Food animal veterinarians care for animals raised for food and fiber, and therefore have a direct impact on maintaining a healthy food supply. Food animal exclusive veterinarians make up only 1.3% of the veterinary profession and 4.4% of veterinarians care for both food and companion animals. Moreover, the number of graduates entering food animal veterinary medicine has declined in recent decades, contributing to the shortage. Although there are many factors contributing to the food animal veterinary shortage in rural communities, retaining staff due to high levels of stress and burnout are commonly reported challenges in rural practices. This research aimed to explore the perceived impact collaborative problem-solving training had in a rural veterinary practice. The training was based on Kirton’s Adaption Innovation Theory (KAI), which focuses on preferred problem-solving styles in bringing about change. To understand the lived experiences of veterinarians who participated in KAI training, a phenomenological case study approach was employed. One-on-one interviews and a focus group interviews were conducted. Data collected from interviews were triangulated with direct observations and document analysis memos through inductive coding. There were nine emergent themes from the data: (a) revolutionary experience; (b) self-awareness for collaboration, (c) improved communication, (d) transformed approach to leadership and partnership, (e) reflection on use of coping behaviors, (f) relationship dynamics, (g) stress and burnout, (h) the crucial need for non-technical skills, and (i) applauding adaptiveness. The study’s findings revealed an overall positive experience for veterinarians who participated in KAI training. KAI awareness transformed how veterinarians approached collaborative problem-solving. Increased knowledge of cognitive diversity (i.e. preferred problem-solving styles) increased their perceived ability to navigate change and solve complex challenges through collaboration. With perceived improved collaboration and effective communication, veterinarians described a decrease in the use of coping behaviors (i.e. operating outside of one’s preferred problem-solving style) and stress, leading to a more supportive workplace and higher job satisfaction. Veterinarians discussed the importance of adaptive leadership behaviors, addressed the need for non-technical skills in veterinary medicine, and called for additional leadership training throughout the profession
Role of microvesicles in cystic fibrosis
No full textCystic Fibrosis is an important respiratory condition which increases likelihood of disease and death. In order to understand a previously unmapped piece of its pathophysiology, this study investigates the role of microvesicles in cystic fibrosis. Microvesicles are an intercellular communication pathway that may be hacked by genetic disorders and cellular disfunction as in cystic fibrosis. Results show a link between cystic fibrosis-related immune dysregulation and microvesicle content. Future research should employ animal models and infection to better simulate the patient outcome and design treatment regimens