OSU Journals (Oklahoma State University)
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Machismo and Chicano/a gangs: Symbolic resistance or oppression?
Get PDFBoth machismo and gang violence have been widely discussed in the popular and social science literature. Scholars have not systematically addressed the meanings of machismo held by gang members. We interviewed 25 Chicano/a and Mejicano/a gang members and 20 adult youth service workers and neighborhood providers, explicitly asking fortheirdefinitions of machismo. Wefmd both similarities and variations across generational and gender groups in our sample Using the both/and approach of Patricia Hill Collins (1991 ). We analyzed the simultaneously oppositional and oppressive nature of machismo in the lives of these young men and women. Our study reveals the complexity and contradictions inherent in machismo and related characteristics, and their implications for positive social change
Involvement of American Indian youth in gangs
Get PDFVirtually nothing is known about the involvement of American Indian youth in gangs. However, recent evidence suggests that a gang culture and gang membership have diffused to many Native American Indian communities. The purpose of this article is to examine the results of a self-report study among American Indian youth from several western states. The results indicate that about 5 percent of males, but less than 1 percent of females reported actual gang membership In addition. About 10 percent of male and female respondents reported hanging aroundw1th gangs. When compared to non-gang Indian youth. Level of drug involvement and Involvement in delinquent activities was higher drug-gang youth and those who hang around with gangs. Youth who reported hanging around with gangs also reported higher drug use and Involvement in delinquent activities than non-gang youth, but lower than those who reported actual membership in gangs. Conditions of poverty lack of economic opportunities, discrimination, and the erosion of cultural identity provide the structural conditions for the attractiveness of gangs to Indian youth the actual diffusion of gang culture is dependent on contact between Indian youth and non-Indian youth with knowledge about gangs. The article considers several important areas for research on gang emergence in Native American Indian communities
Factors affecting infant mortality in India
Get PDFThe purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting infant mortality in India as informed by the "Demographic Transition Theory." This theory suggests that improved standard of living, public health programs, changes in nutrition, technological and medical advances, and sanitary reforms promote a decline in the level of mortality. Using the data from the National Family Health Survey, India: 1998-1999, this study tests the following major hypothesis: The higher the level of socioeconomic development, the lower the infant mortality rate among the states of India. The findings support the demographic transition theory in large measure, revealing that the overall socioeconomic development is inversely related to infant mortality rate among the states of India