UniMAP Library Digital Repository
Not a member yet
77924 research outputs found
Sort by
Dual downlink signals level balancing methodology before reception of dual receiver antennas for LTE UE test conformance
No full textMaster of Science in Communication EngineeringThis thesis presents alternative and more significant cost save approach to resolve the dual downlink signal level balancing issue before reception of dual receiver antennas for LTE user equipment (UE) test conformance. LTE, the Long Term Evolution became common acronyms. LTE is recognized in commercial as 4G wireless cellular technology standard. But in industry perspective, LTE is called as 3.9G because LTE is not fully up to the requirement of 4G. LTE competes with another wireless technology which is Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX). Due to LTE was introduced 1-2 years later, it has slight more significant advance compare to WiMAX. LTE is also meant for cellular which includes voice and data rather than only data. So, deployment of LTE is more popular. In the LTE UE RF test specification, 3GPP TS 36.521-1, it mainly consists
two sections which are performance tests (includes setups, test connection diagrams and procedures) of transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx). Receiver of LTE compulsory requires 2 receiver antennas for diversity. The challenge for the specification conformance would be downlink signals after the split must need to be equal level before they are received by dual receiver antennas port of UE. This is particular on the UUT receiver tests. After the split of downlink signal path, the primary path (towards the Rx/ Tx antenna) and secondary path (towards the second Rx antenna) will not be equal path loss due to more
components are connected along the primary path to support the transmitter and receiver tests, so it need to be resolved
A non-invasive ultra-wide band based system using artificial intelligence to determine blood glucose level
No full textMaster of Science in Computer EngineeringDiabetes is a serious health concern and declared as global epidemic by WHO due to its rapidly increasing incidence. It is a major cause of mortality worldwide. For a diabetic patient maintenance of blood glucose level within the physiological
range is essential to lead a healthy life. The frequent monitoring of blood glucose is an important part of diabetic management specially for type-1 diabetes. A laboratory test or self-test with a small device uses a blood sample collected from a body part with a needle. In extreme cases a diabetic patient needs to undergo this painful process several times a day. To reduce this suffering, a non-invasive (without any blood sample) and patient friendly way of measurement is crucial. Unique advantageous features of UWB technology has demonstrated the widely use of biomedical applications, specially for early breast cancer detection. In the field of exploring potential non-invasive solutions to diabetes detection one promising alternative can be UWB based system using artificial intelligence technique. This relies on variation of dielectric properties (permittivity and conductivity) of target
tissues or cells in a given frequency. Initially the experimental setup was prepared with different types of homemade antennas to select the appropriate antenna type, perfect measurable body place, and to confirm the proof of concept. In integrated
system a rectangular patch antenna was fixed with a transceiver to generate 4.3 GHz frequency and pass through the earlobe. Received discriminated scattered signal was processed and discrete values were reduced to use as input of artificial neural
network (ANN). Number of experiment was conducted to construct an optimal ANN module where actual blood glucose was used as target. The final network output was used to obtain the blood glucose reading from a given scattered signal value
Deterministic and stochastic SIS models of common cold in Universiti Malaysia Perlis
No full textMaster of Science in Engineering MathematicsThe epidemiological with SIS model is the description of the dynamics of a disease that is contact transmitted with no long lasting immunity. Common cold can be categorized as a SIS model. This illness caused by a virus infection located in the nose and the virus is transmitted to individuals. They will recover with no immunity to the common cold and immediately susceptible once they have recovered. This is the first attempt to develop SIS model on common cold. The purpose of this study is to compare between the deterministic and stochastic SIS model with demography and without demography
(presence of births and deaths), to derive the reproductive number, 0 between the models
and to compare the SIS models demography without pharmacological treatment and with
pharmacological treatment. There are two groups tested in SIS models which are
UNIMAP’s students and UNIMAP’s staffs and these data were taken from UNIMAP’s
university health centre on September 2015. In this study, SIS models were implemented
as set of deterministic ordinary differential equations (ODE) that can be solved by using
different numerical methods and a discrete time Markov chain (DTMC) process in
stochastic simulations. Gillespie algorithm had been used to generate stochastic
simulations very efficiently in R program by drawing a random process from all events
in process according to their respective probabilities. Then, differential equations will be
constructed which describe the mean statistics of each process. Hence, the derivation of
reproductive number, 0 had been obtained by using the next generation operator method
and defined as ‘the expected number of secondary cases produced, in a completely
susceptible population, by a typical infective individual’. In these cases, the number of
infected persons in SIS demography will continuously decrease as there are presence of
births and deaths in the population. Pharmacological treatment had been used to improve
and control the infection of common cold from spread to population. This control measure
help to minimize the number of infected individuals in the population. The dynamics of
deterministic and stochastic discrete time Markov Chain (DTMC) SIS models with and
without pharmacological treatment are determined and compared by using different
parameter values of recovery rate to obtain the behaviour of infected population.
Therefore, the pharmacological treatment increases the value of recovery rate and help
them to recover more quickly. Other than that, basic reproductive number, 0 for every
models without demography and with demography were derived for determining whether
a disease persist in the population or not. The disease will continuously spread out into
population if 0 > 1 as all the models are greater than 1
Femtocell and fractional frequency reuse (FFR) for LTE network performance enhancement
No full textDoctor of Philosophy in Communication EngineeringThe introduction of low-power and small-service-area Femtocell into Long Term Evolution-Advance (LTE-A) Macrocell network, the service coverage is extended but causes more severe inter-cell interference (ICI). ICI occurs due to sharing of resource
between adjacent cells. Among the methods to mitigate interference, power and frequency allocation schemes are deployed in this thesis. Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR) is one of the ICI technique for signal quality enhancement. The challenges of
FFR is to design an efficient resource allocation scheme. With FFR, spectrum sharing
between Macrocell and Femtocell network causes unavailability of dedicated resource
and thus more severe ICI occurs. Furthermore, when solely power control scheme is
used, universal frequency reuse (FRF=1) causes more severe ICI problem in crowded
network. The modeling of downlink LTE-A Heterogeneous network (HetNet) is done
using MATLAB in this research. The FFR method is revisited and Orthogonal Resource
Allocation (ORA) scheme is proposed to allocate resource by region. Besides, the
suggested Dynamic Femtocell Resource Allocation (DFRA) scheme is deployed to
ensure the resources assigned to Femtocells are mutually exclusive with adjacent
Macrousers or Femtocells. In the scenario of high density Femtocells (orthogonal
resource exhausted), the power control schemes such as Power based Femtocell Base
Station Power Control (PPC) and SINR based Femtocell Base Station Power Control
(SPC) are combined into the system. The power of Femtocell Base station is further
optimized with the proposed SINR based Neighbouring Femtocell Power Control
(SNPC) scheme to take care of interference between Femtocells. In comparison with the
deployment of contemporary FFR approach in HetNet, the deployment of Dynamic
Frequency Allocation-Power based Femtocell Base Station Power Control (DFRA-PPC)
and Dynamic Frequency Allocation-Signal to Interference & Noise Ratio (SINR) based
Femtocell Base Station Power Control (DFRA-SPC) approach increases the resource
utilization and number of active user by 8.7% and 8.72% respectively in sparsely
populated Femtocells. Apart from this, data rate is augmented by 15.73% and 15.51%
with the improvement done in DFRA-PPC and DFRA-SPC mechanisms. From the
perspective of spectral efficiency, these two techniques enhanced the performance by
15.68% and 15.48% correspondingly. On the other hand, in congested network (with
150 randomly located Femtocells), the resource utilization and number of active user
grows by 11.43% for Dynamic Frequency Allocation-SINR based Femtocell Base
Station Power Control-SINR based Neighbouring Femtocell Power Control (DFRASPC-
SNPC) scheme. Besides, by deploying this scheme, the data rate and spectral
efficiency in this congested network are improved by 13.52% and 13.53% respectively.
The proposed mechanisms ORA, DFRA, SPC, PPC and SNPC improved the system
performance in terms of resource utilization, subcarrier efficiency, data rate and spectral
efficiency
An investigation of fatigue crack growth behavior of UIC 54 profile in high speed railway applications
No full textMaster of Science in Mechanical EngineeringThe safety of wheels and rails is a greater concern for the Malaysian railways Keretapi Tanah Melayu and manufacturers of the railway network. The rolling contact fatigue (RCF) is a growing problem due to increase of the high speed train operation in Malaysia and increased of load cycle. The RCF is defined as a damage that occurred due to the change in the material microstructure which contributes to crack initiation followed by crack propagation under the influence of time-dependent. The typical cracks originating at the running surface is called as head check. The transverse cracks leading to the eventual fracture of the rail. As well as the crack growth rate is higher, it caused the crack to propagate faster and initiate the sudden rail failure at any time. In this study, numerical
analysis of stress–strain characteristics of three dimensional (3D) wheel-rail contact was
successfully carried out by ANSYS Workbench 14.5. Apart from that, this study focuses
on the fatigue strength and fatigue crack growth (FCG) of UIC 54 profile. The fatigue
strength and FCG study were coordinated with the dog-bone specimen (ASTM E-466-
15) and compact tension (CT) specimen (ASTM E-647-15), respectively. The S-N curve
was plotted from 7 data of the dog-bone specimens to evaluate fatigue strength with a
constant stress ratio 0.1, and variable in applied stress levels. In addition, the rail profile
of UIC 54 fatigue strength was validated with simulation result by ANSYS Workbench
14.5. The simulation works were executed with dog-bone specimen model according to
the experimental applied stress level. Meanwhile for FCG the study was conducted with
the CT specimens with a variable in stress ratio of 0.1, 0.3 and applied loads of 16 kN
and 13 kN. The material crack growth rate for UIC 54 profile is obtained from Paris–
Erdogan relationship C and m. The maximum von–Mises stress result for the wheel and
rail contact was obtained higher at rail gauge corner region and it’s exceed the yield
strength limit (533 MPa) of UIC 54 profile. Furthermore, the equivalent plastic stress
result reveals that most of the plastic deformation occurs at the rail gauge corner region,
on the contrary almost very small plastic deformation occurs at the wheel. The overall
hardness measurement for used rail obtained was 37.9 % greater than unused rail. The
hardness value for P1 (used rail) indicates that rail gauge corner region was affected by
high contact stresses and plastic strains
Fibonacci retracement pattern recognition for forecasting GBP/USD foreign exchange market
No full textMaster of Science in Engineering MathematicsThis study presents an approach to the Fibonacci retracement implicates a forecast of
future movements in foreign exchange rates (forex) of the previous movement inductive
analysis. The forex market is one of the utmost intricate markets through the
characteristics of high volatility, nonlinearity and irregularity. Meantime, these
characteristics also make it very difficult to forecast forex. The problem are contain
pattern recognition, classification and forecasting. The research objectives are to
recognize the pattern using the Elliott wave pattern, to compare accuracy patterns
classification between K - Nearest Neighbor (KNN) and Linear Discriminant Analysis
(LDA) and to forecast short term forex market using Fibonacci retracement method. The
results show two different type of trend patterns which are uptrend and downtrend. KNearest
Neighbor (KNN) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) algorithm are the
general pattern recognition method for nonlinearly feature mining from high dimensional
input Elliott wave patterns. Results show that LDA is better than KNN in terms of
classification accuracy data which are 99.43%. Technical analysis by using Fibonacci
retracements for forecasting will be through after the trends of pattern were recognise.
The market trend upward or downward will have a retracement wave before the next
impulse wave approaches new region. Fibonacci price retracements are determined from
a previous low to high swing to identify potential support levels as the market pulls back
from a high. Retracements are also run from a previous high to low swing using the same
ratios, looking for probable resistance levels as the market reverse from a low. After a
significant price movement up or down, the new support and resistance levels are often
at or near these retracement lines. Among of three levels of Fibonacci retracement which
are 38.2%, 50.0% and 61.8% results, the 38.2% shows the best forecasting for Great
Britain Pound pair to US Dollar currency as major pair by using Mean Absolute Error
(MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Pearson Correlation Coefficient (r) as the
statistical measurements which are 0.001884, 0.000019 and 0.992253 for uptrend and
0.001685, 0.000019 and 0.998806 for downtrend. As conclusion, 38.2% is the best
Fibonacci retracement level to forecast forex market for uptrend and downtrend
The effect of auditor attributes on perceived audit quality: evidence from Jordan
No full textMaster of Science in AccountingThe poor of audit quality has become one of the phenomenal challenges facing the financial sector in Jordan and how to offer directives and policies to generate high-quality of auditing. This study is motivated by the problem of tax evasions in Jordan focusing on the perspective of audit quality among Jordanian auditors as one of the possible solution. Thus, the purpose of this study is to examine the attributes affecting audit quality for Jordanian auditors. This study is based on four variables that are used to understand and analyze the level of audit quality for Jordanian auditors. The four variables that are measured in current study are: audit tenure, audit firm size, the level of compliance toward ethical rules and the reliance on internal audit work. The data were collected through the distribution of questionnaires to 200 respondents in Jordanian auditors and processed using Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) software for the purpose of this study. By using descriptive analysis and structural equation model, the findings of the study show that there is a positively and significant effects between audit tenure, audit firm size, the level of compliance toward ethical rules and audit quality. On the other hand, the reliance on internal audit work indicates a negative and insignificant effect with audit quality. In addition, this study conducted further analysis by control the respondents based on Big 4 audit firms and non-big 4 audit firms. Based on the results, the reliance on internal audit work indicate a positive and significant results for auditor from Big 4 audit firm but negative and significant results for auditors from non-big 4 audit firm. Furthermore, based on the demographic profile majority of the respondent is from non-big 4 audit firm which could provide a unique result. The findings suggest that the non-big 4 audit firm must improve the communication between the internal and external auditors to enhance audit quality in Jordan
